| This article analyzed the system of military rewards for disability promoted by the Regeneration governments in Colombia between 1886 and 1904. Through Laws 153 of 1887, 84 of 1890, and 149 of 1896, along with the study of 299 Supreme Court of Justice sentences, a database that allowed for a quantitative and qualitative reading of the phenomenon was created. A reading of the reward system was proposed as a mechanism used by the Regeneration to legitimize its political project and to establish a direct relationship with the military, and with those who fought from illegality to defend conservative ideological principles. Furthermore, a social characterization of the disabled men was presented based on military positions, participation in wars, and the type of disability. The reward policy configured a form of institutional exit from the nineteenth-century wars in Colombia, which allowed the Regeneration to establish direct relationships with these men through the delivery of economic compensation. However, the system also had ideological limits by excluding regional conflicts.
This article analyzed the discourses and strategies adopted by 19th-century widows in New Granada in their pension applications to the military pension fund, with the aim of understanding how these women negotiated their place within the new republican order. The central problem addressed was the discursive transition from "grace," understood as a favor inherited from the monarchical regime, to the language of law and legality characteristic of the republican state. Methodologically, administrative records, decrees, and petitions from widows between 1837 and 1866 were reviewed, using a theoretical framework based on hegemony, discourse analysis, and social representations. The results showed that the widows used linguistic resources associated with patriotic sacrifice, morality, and vulnerability to legitimize their claims. Although they initially appealed to the government's grace as a paternalistic gift, they progressively incorporated legal language to substantiate their rights. It was concluded that pension applications provided a context that enabled the manifestation of female agency where women actively participated in the state system, contributing to the consolidation of republican discourse. This transition from supplication to legal demand highlighted their role in redefining citizenship and the relationships between gender, power, and legality in the 19(th) century.
The article analyzed how the refunctionalization of the former F & aacute;brica de Cartuchos de Realengo between 2004 and 2024 incorporated - or not - elements of industrial heritage preservation associated with factory nostalgia. The objective was to understand how collective memory influenced the perception of the transformation of the former military complex into an urban park. To this end, a case study was conducted involving document review, collection of historical and digital records, semi-structured interviews, and direct observation at different moments of the construction and inauguration of the Parque Realengo Susana Naspolini. The results indicated that, although the chimney and one building from the former factory complex were preserved, the connection between the park and its industrial past proved to be tenuous. The interviews revealed significant emotional ties between former workers and residents and the factory, while current visitors prioritized the recreational use of the space, with no explicit references to its industrial history. It is concluded that the reuse generated a superficial nostalgia, close to the so-called "chimney nostalgia," and it is recommended that future interventions integrate labor memory and community participation into heritage projects.
In 1869, shortly after the election of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento to the presidency of the Argentine Republic, Felix Fr & iacute;as was nominated plenipotentiary minister in Santiago de Chile. Although the main objective of his mission was to consolidate good relations between the two countries and negotiate unresolved border differences, in his first years in the Chilean capital the Argentine representative had to confront the asylum of federal montonero Felipe Varela and his followers in the neighboring country. This article analyzes the discussion between Fr & iacute;as and the Chilean authorities during the government of Jose Joaqu & iacute;n Perez, using diplomatic correspondence, principally of the Argentine representative, as well as the legal textbooks and international treaties that regulated asylum law during the 19th century. It argues that even before the codification of a regional framework to regulate the matter, a doctrinal base began to emerge due to the prevalence of exile in the region. However, the right of asylum was a very ambiguous tool in a context of "exiting from war", because it was functional for the opposition but ended up being dangerous once in power.
This article examined the pardon policies decreed by the Venezuelan government in the mid-nineteenth century, during a period of intense conflict. These measures were adopted in the context of the removal from office of President Jos & eacute; Tadeo Monagas in March 1858 and the emergence of an armed faction, the Facci & oacute;n de la Sierra, led by three members of the Liberal Party. The text was divided into two parts. First, it provided historical contextualization of the concepts and, secondly, drewed on judicial and administrative sources Naci & oacute;n, it sought to understand the transformations brought about by the construction of republican institutions and the hybridization of legal and political cultures in the use of measures of pardons and amnesty. These measures were understood as mechanisms for containing violence, ending armed conflict and pacifying the country.
