The STAT-30-4 Structural Development Index provides a novel framework for assessing the balance, integrity, and developmental load of core psychological structures during childhood and adolescence. Existing developmental psychopathology screening tools predominantly focus on observable behaviors and symptom clusters, offering limited insight into the deeper structural organization of the mind. STAT-30-4 aims to fill this gap by mapping hidden vulnerabilities, compensatory patterns, and structural load distributions across thirty core “columns,” four axes, and three phases. Rather than replacing existing diagnostic systems such as DSM or ICD, STAT-30-4 offers a complementary and structural perspective, thereby making the architectural foundations of risk and resilience visible. The system generates profiles reflecting instability, compensatory load, and structural integrity using a phase–axis–column scoring architecture. These profiles provide a theoretically grounded guide for preventive, educational, and clinical interventions. This study presents the conceptual and operational foundation of the system, leaving large-scale psychometric validation and normative studies for future research. STAT-30-4 supports interventions aimed at detecting latent risks early and strengthening psychological architecture by revealing underlying structural configurations rather than focusing solely on symptoms. This approach encourages a shift from symptom management to structurally based developmental care and can contribute to enhancing both preventive and therapeutic outcomes.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of patella alta in patients with arthroscopically confirmed meniscal tears and to evaluate the relationship between patellar height and the side, anatomical location, and type of meniscal tears. Materials and Methods: A total of 152 patients (84 males, 68 females; mean age 36.2 years) who underwent knee arthroscopy were included in this study. Preoperative lateral knee radiographs were evaluated to calculate the Insall-Salvati Index (ISI) and Caton-Deschamps Index (CDI). An ISI > 1.2 was defined as Patella Alta. Meniscal tear side (medial, lateral, bilateral), anatomical zone (anterior horn, body, posterior horn), and tear pattern were documented from arthroscopy reports and correlated with radiological measurements. Results: Arthroscopic evaluation revealed medial meniscal tears in 84.2% (n = 128), lateral meniscal tears in 9.2% (n = 14), and bilateral tears in 6.6% (n = 10) of the patients. The overall prevalence of patella alta was 42.1% (n = 64). Patients with patella alta demonstrated a significantly higher proportion of medial meniscal tears (87.5%) compared to those with normal patellar height (p = 0.042). Anatomical location analysis showed that tears in the patella alta group were predominantly localized in the posterior horn (73.4%, n = 47) compared to the normal patella group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, complex and flap tear patterns were significantly more frequent in the high patella group (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Patella alta is present in a substantial proportion (42.1%) of patients undergoing arthroscopy for meniscal tears. High patellar height exhibits a strong clinical and anatomical association with medial meniscal posterior horn tears and complex tear patterns. Recognizing this biomechanical influence of the extensor mechanism is crucial when planning surgical repair and rehabilitation strategies.
AbstractBackground/Aims: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) overlapping with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is a rare central–peripheral nervous system overlap syndrome. We aimed to present a patient with GBS–LETM overlap associated with isolated anti-GD3 IgG positivity and to emphasize the diagnostic value of serial electrophysiological assessment.MEthods: A 74-year-old man was evaluated by serial electrophysiological studies (days 2 and 10), cerebrospinal fluid analysis, cervicothoracic spinal magnetic resonance imaging, and serum ganglioside, nodal/paranodal, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and paraneoplastic antibody panels.Results:The patient developed rapidly progressive quadriplegia with generalized areflexia, a sensory level below T2, and urinary retention. Cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated albuminocytologic dissociation. The initial electrophysiological study showed findings compatible with early GBS, whereas the follow-up study on day 10 demonstrated marked progression to a widespread sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Cervicothoracic spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a longitudinally extensive T2-hyperintense intramedullary lesion extending from C3 to T1, consistent with LETM. Isolated anti-GD3 IgG positivity was detected, while other ganglioside antibodies, nodal/paranodal antibodies, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, and paraneoplastic investigations were negative.Conclusion:This case highlights the possible association of isolated anti-GD3 IgG positivity with the rare GBS–LETM overlap syndrome. Furthermore, it emphasizes that limited early electrophysiological abnormalities do not exclude GBS and that serial electrophysiological assessment may facilitate diagnosis when concomitant spinal cord involvement is suspected.
Aim: This study aimed to identify research topics in the cadaveric anatomy literature between 2000 and 2025, reveal semantic relationships between these topics, and analyze temporal trends.Methods: A systematic search of the Scopus database yielded 2,465 articles published between 2000 and 2025; after preprocessing, 2,455 were included. The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers Topic Modeling algorithm — integrating Sentence-BERT, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection, and Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise — was applied to article titles and abstracts. Topic coherence was assessed using the C_v score, and temporal trends were evaluated with the Mann-Kendall trend test.Results: A total of 62 topics were identified (mean C_v=0.664). Of all articles, 29.8% were classified as outliers. Eighteen topics showed a statistically significant increasing trend; no topic showed a decrease. The strongest increase was observed in sciatic nerve and related clinical anatomy topics. Education, endoscopic surgery, and vascular anatomy emerged as prominent thematic areas. The United States accounted for the largest share of publications (34.4%), with contributions from 60 countries overall.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first transformer-based topic modeling study to map the cadaveric anatomy literature. The findings demonstrate significant growth in education-focused research alongside sustained expansion across surgical and clinical anatomy topics, confirming that cadaver studies maintain their central role in modern medical training and research.
Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a heterogeneous group of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by progressive glycosaminoglycan accumulation and multisystem involvement. Owing to their broad clinical spectrum, patients require lifelong multidisciplinary follow-up. This study aimed to characterize the demographic profile, clinical manifestations, and surgical history of pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidoses followed at a tertiary referral center.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 10 patients with confirmed MPS. Demographic characteristics, MPS subtype, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) status, hearing and ophthalmological findings, cardiac involvement, and surgical history were retrospectively reviewed from medical records.Results: Ten patients (6 males, 4 females) were included. The cohort comprised three patients with MPS VI, two with MPS II, and one patient each with MPS I, IVA, IIIB, IIIC, and IIID. Seven patients (70%) were receiving ERT. Cardiac involvement was identified in four patients (40%), whereas hearing impairment was documented in three patients (30%). Five patients (50%) had a history surgical intervention. Otorhinolaryngological procedures were the most common operations, followed by inguinal hernia repair, trigger finger release, cervical stabilization, and neurosurgical procedures. Airway abnormalities and cervical spine involvement were notable perioperative findings.Conclusion: This case series demonstrates the marked clinical heterogeneity of MPS and its multisystem manifestations. Despite advances in disease-specific therapy, many patients continue to require multidisciplinary follow-up because of persistent cardiac, auditory, musculoskeletal, and airway involvement. Recognition of perioperative risk factors may facilitate safer surgical management when operative interventions are required.
