Agro-meteorological crop yield modeling is essential for addressing climate variability, resource limitations, and food security challenges. This review explores the principles of crop modeling, focusing on core components, validation techniques, and operational tools. It examines key modeling approaches, including simulation and statistical methods, and their applications in precision agriculture, institutional planning, and policy development. Advanced techniques such as remote sensing and data assimilation are highlighted for their role in improving model accuracy and applicability. Given the significant influence of weather and climate on agriculture, predictive tools are crucial for ensuring sustainable crop production. Agro-meteorological models integrate weather data, crop physiology, and management practices to forecast yields and support informed decision-making. This review provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental concepts, model classifications, evaluation methods, and practical applications. It concludes by emphasizing the need for continued advancements and hands-on training to enhance model effectiveness and adoption across diverse agricultural systems. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 14(1&2): 55-64, 2025
Drought is a natural phenomenon linked to reduced rainfall, affecting crop husbandry in Mediterranean semi-arid conditions like the northwestern region of Bangladesh. A study was conducted in three upazilas, Chapainawabganj Sadar, Lalpur, and Godagari, involving 180 farmers. The results showed that most farmers had a vulnerability level ranging from slightly to moderately vulnerable to crops. However, a small number of people were in low vulnerability, indicating they practiced coping strategies during drought severity. The vulnerability of crops increased with exposure and sensitivity index and lower adaptive capacity. The study found that farmers experienced high severity of drought, with 78.9% experiencing medium effects, crop damage, high irrigation costs, and low income. To reduce crop vulnerability, the government and development agencies should provide technical support, such as re excavation of ponds and canals, rainwater storage facilities, new irrigation projects, extension services, education, income-generating opportunities, and water conservation measures. This will help reduce the vulnerability of crops to drought and improve crop management. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 14(1&2): 72-80, 2025
A study was attempted in Sadar Upazila of Jessore District, Bangladesh during February, 2019 to analyze value chain of vegetables, identifying value chain actors and women participation in this value chain focusing two promising vegetables namely brinjal and pointed gourd. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected through face-to-face interview of 5 Loop aggregates, 45 farmers, 10 wholesalers, 15 retailers and 15 consumers using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and analyzed using STATA software. The value chain analysis was undertaken in qualitative terms. Socio-demographic and economic variables were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The level of male and female farmers in these activities has been calculated by three different score (Participation index = regularly involved x 2, occasionally involved x 1 and never involved x 0) given on the basis of extent of participation. To analyze the access of males and females to and control over resources and benefits of vegetables, Chi-square test was applied for measuring the degree of association among variables. Vegetables value chain actors identified in the study that include input suppliers, producers, LOOP aggregators, retailers, wholesalers, aratders and consumers. The study identified that value chain was fully dominated by male but at the lower level, women involvement was also considerable. They have mainly participated in activities such as, harvesting, sorting, cleaning and storing of vegetables. Policy aiming at increasing farmers’ access to modern inputs, more women participation, improving extension activities and the coverage of LOOP system are recommended in the existing value chain to accelerate the chain’s development. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 14(1&2): 41-44, 2025
A study was conducted at Sadar Upazilla in Sherpur district, Bangladesh during July 2017 to June 2018 to find out the factors affecting production costs, returns and marketing of maize production. Out of the sample size 55, two separate questionnaires were used for collecting data from producer (30) and market actors (25). Three types of data analysis, namely descriptive statistics (means, percentages and standard deviations), value chain analysis and economic analysis were used for analyzing the collected primary data. From the reviewed theories and empirical works, some factors were identified as influencing maize production; age of the farmer, farmer experience in farming, household income, household education level, cost of labor and number of extension visits. The value chain analysis confirmed that the main actors involved in maize value chain include faria/bepari/assemblers/collectors, wholesalers, retailers. Study revealed that in maize production, the returns of scale of the selected areas were high. So, in the recent time most of the farmers divers from rice to maize production. It was also found that, the opportunity of maize production on an average was high in Sherpur district and farmers had a large scope to increase maize productivity by attaining full efficiency through reallocating the resources. Economic analysis of maize and maize-based cropping pattern in comparison to boro and boro-based cropping pattern indicates the high productivity of maize production system than that of boro rice. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 14(1&2): 37-40, 2025
An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of four levels of stem pruning (viz., no pruning, pruning to single-stem, pruning to two-stems and pruning to three-stems) on the growth and yield of three tomato cultivars (viz., Roma VF, Pusa Ruby, and Jessica). Varieties and stem pruning had significant influences, singly and in combination, on most of the characters studied. Considering varieties, the maximum record in plant height, number of fruits per cluster, weight of individual fruit, and fruit yield of tomato were obtained from Roma VF whereas Jessica showed the minimum values. In case of pruning, unpruned plants showed the maximum record in number of leaves per plant, number of flower clusters per plant, and number of flowers per plant whereas plants pruned to two-stems showed the minimum values. Pruning to two-stems, however, showed the maximum values of plant height, the number of fruits per plant, the weight of individual fruit, and fruit yield whereas the minimum values were found in the unpruned plants. Considering the combined treatments, the maximum number of fruits per plant (32.00 cm), weight of individual fruit (49.76 g), and fruit yield (79.61 t/ha) were obtained from Roma VF plants pruned to two-stems whereas the minimum values (19.87 cm, 40.20g, and 39.93 t/ha, respectively) were found in Jassica plants with no stem-pruning. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 14(1&2): 31-36, 2025
