Hydroxyapatite (HA) with chemical formula of Ca-10 (PO4)(6)(OH) (2) is prepared from eggshell and di -potassium -phosphate with chemical formula of K2HPO4 in the present work. Adequate amount of egg -shell containing Calcium Oxide (CaO) was soaked in di -potassium phosphate solution (ratio: Ca/P=1.67) at 37 C-degrees at different soaking times to obtain nano -crystalline HA which was characterized by X -Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) and FT-IR studies. The crystal grain size is very little dependent on the soaking time in di -potassium -phosphate solution, and the grain sizes are almost uniform and regular in shape. The egg -shell derived HA nanoparticles could be used to make scaffolds of different shapes and pore sizes for clinical uses. This process of low temperature HA synthesis is simple, and environmentally friendly for the mass production of pure hydroxyapatite nano -crystalline.
Poly Ethylene Glycol- Stearate (PEG -SA) is used to prepare coated solid lipid nanoparticles (NPs) in the present work with loading curcumin extracted by Turmeric powder (cur -polymer coated-SLNs) by the micro emulsification method. Evaluation of the kinetic release of prepared nanoparticle was resulted. Particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity index were evaluated by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS). The particle size and zeta potential of cur PEG coated-SLNs were measured as 153 nm. Differential scanning calorimetric indicated that the majority of curcumin loaded in PEG -NP were in amorphous state which is desirable for drug delivery. Drug entrapment efficiency (EE) was 99%. The modification procedure led to a reduction in the zeta potential values, varying from -40.0 mV for the uncoated particles to -23 mV for that of (PEG -SA) -coated NP. FT-IR spectra and HPLC analysis of plain SLNs and pure curcumin exhibited no peak shifting and no loss of characteristic functional group peaks. Shape and surface morphology of particles were determined by transition electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy that revealed the spherical shape of nanoparticles. The In vitro curcumin release of (PEG -SA) -coated SLNs and SLNs showed slight decrease performed for PEG-SA-SLNs one because of coating impact of covering layer.
Cr(2)O(3 )nanoparticles are synthesized via solid -state thermal decomposition of the mixture of Cr(NO3)3 center dot 9H2O (as Cr precursor) and benzoic acid (as fuel) at 500 or 600 2C for 3 h and characterized by FT-IR and UV -Vis spectroscopy, VSM, XRD and TEM. Also, characterized using zeta potential PZ measurement. FT-IR and XRD results confirm high degree of crystallinity of Cr(2)O(3 )nanoparticles with approximate to 16-18 nm average crystallite size. The size distribution of the as-prepared Cr(2)O(3 )nanoparticles is estimated to be in the range of 10-60 nm using TEM images. The morphology of the as-prepared Cr(2)O(3 )nanoparticles is almost ellipsoidal or pseudo-spherical. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) under UV light was studied. The effects of pH solution, sorbent dose and irradiation time were investigated. Based on changes in the UV -Vis spectra of MO, photocatalytic efficiencies were calculated about 91% and 89% for CeO2 nanoparticles prepared at 500 or 600 (sic)C, respectively.
Nanoscale bioactive glasses have been gaining attention due to their superior osteoconductivity. The combination of bioactive glass nanoparticles with polymeric systems enables the production of nanocomposites with potential to be used in a series of orthopedic applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative. This research has been done to study characteristic and biocompatible evaluation of a nano bio composite ceramic. In this regard synthesis of this S646 bioactive glass has been considered afterwards, the bioglass S646/chitosan/ carbon nanotube is synthesized with different amounts of S646 bioactive glass by sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposites are characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Powder Diffraction, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to evaluate crystal structure, microstructure and morphology. The results indicated that, the synthesized bioglass S646/chitosan/carbon nantube nanocomposite has average particle size of about 41-49 nm and percentages of crystallinity about 64-86% for all samples. The result of FT-IR analyses showed the purity in the structure of bioglass of S646 and nano composite.The outcomes revealed that, with increasing the amount of S646 bioactive glass the shape of the particles changed from spherical and the particle size was reduced owing to the increase in amorphous phase in the material which reduced the crystallinity and crystal size of nanocomposite particles. The result of MTT assay indicated nontoxicity and also increasing the percentage of bioactive glass increased cell viability.
Copper nanoparticles are widely used in various industries and products. Size and morphology are two important parameters to determine nanoparticle properties. In this study, copper nanoparticles were synthesized without an inert environment using two different reducing agents namely ascorbic acid and sodium hypophosphite. Various capping agents (PVP 105, PVP 4x104, PEG 6000, SDS, CTAB and glycerol) were used as stabilizers. The effect of several parameters including reducing agent concentration, type and amount of stabilizer and precursor concentration on the size and stability of the resulting nanoparticles have been investigated. The synthesis experiments have resulted in a 25-60 nm average size of nanoparticles based on the synthesis conditions, the stabilizer type and concentration. Also, this research provides a fast and simple way for the synthesis of stable pure colloidal copper nanoparticles in polyol, which is accomplished by decreasing CuSO4.5H(2)O using sodium hypophosphite in glycerol, without inert and homogeneous medium and non -agglomeration, 25 nm copper nanoparticles were obtained. The as synthesized copper nanoparticles are characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and dynamic light scattering techniques.
