Fushun, located in Northeast China, is prone to debris flow disasters due to its complex topographical and geological conditions. In 2013, large-scale debris flow disasters triggered by a rainstorm broke out, causing hundreds of casualties and serious economic losses. Therefore, it is significant to evaluate the susceptibility and hazard of debris flows in Fushun. Instead of adopting grid units, this research adopts the hydrological response units as the evaluation units and conducts debris flow susceptibility assessment for Fushun area with analytical hierarchical process. By combining the susceptibility with two different precipitation data, hazard assessment is further conducted. Comparison between the two hazard maps is conducted to explore the influence of precipitation on debris flow hazard assessment. Under different precipitation conditions, the debris flow hazard of the same area changes. Statistics on the accuracy of the susceptibility and hazard assessment results is conducted and further compared with the local existing debris flow disaster records, demonstrating that the evaluation results are generally in good consistency with the actual situation in Fushun.
Existing research combines acupuncture theory with network science and proposes a new paradigm for the study of acupoint selection patterns-a key acupoint mining algorithm based on acupoint networks. However, the basic idea of this study for finding key acupoints is based on binary acupoint synergy relationships, which ignores the higher-order synergy among multiple acupoints and does not truly reflect the implicit patterns of each acupoint among meridian systems. Moreover, the mining results assessment method, which this new paradigm involves, does not have wide applicability and universality. In this paper, with the introduction of higher-order interactions between multiple acupoints, a high-specificity key acupoint mining algorithm based on 3-node motif is proposed in the acupoint-disease network (ADN). In response to the narrow applicability of the new research paradigm involving the evaluation of algorithms' measures, new and widely applicable and universal evaluation criteria are introduced in terms of resolution, network loss, and accuracy, respectively. Based on the principles of acupoint selection involved in acupuncture clinics in Chinese medicine, the acupoints involved in the data were divided into a total of 19 regions according to their distribution characteristics. From these 19 regions, we selected the key acupoints that have a large impact on the global network. Finally, we compared this algorithm with five other acupoint importance assessment algorithms in terms of resolution, network loss, and accuracy, respectively. The comprehensive results show that the algorithm identifies key acupoints with an accuracy of 63%, which is 14% to 21% higher than other existing methods. The key acupoints identified by the algorithm have a significant disruptive effect on the connectivity of the network, indicating that the key acupoints are at the core of the acupoint-disease network topology. They have a significant propagation influence on other acupoints, which means that the key acupoints have high-synergistic cooperation with other acupoints. Meanwhile, the stability and specificity of the algorithm ensure the reliability of the key acupoints. We believe that the key acupoints identified by the algorithm can be used as core acupoints from the perspective of network topology and high synergy of other acupoints, respectively, and help researchers explore targeted and high-impact combinations of acupoints to optimize existing acupuncture prescriptions under condition constraints.
Feeding a cold steel strip into continuous casting (CC) mold is an effective method to improve the quality of large round bloom. However, it is difficult to assess the correlation between the bloom quality and the initial temperature of the strip. Therefore, a three‐phase mixed columnar–equiaxed solidification model is developed to evaluate the effect of feeding strip temperature on macrosegregation and solidification structure in a large vertical CC round bloom. The results show that feeding the steel strip induces “crystal rain” in the liquid core of the bloom and increases the volume fraction of the equiaxed phase. After feeding a strip, the flow direction of molten steel is changed, and the flow velocity is increased in the liquid core of the bloom. Furthermore, with initial temperature of the strip decreases, the production efficiency is improved. Compared to the four conditions investigated, the carbon distribution in the bloom is the most uniform, the negative segregation at the centerline of the bloom is the weakest with the value of −35.50%, and the extreme value difference of the macrosegregation index at 20 m below the meniscus is the smallest with the value of 38.35% under the condition of T initial = 500 K.
Aiming at the financing mode selection problem of a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a retailer,a recycler,and a capital constrainted manufacturer,the revenue functions of the manufacturer,retailer,recycler,and closed-loop supply chain are constructed when the capital constrained manufacturer can get financing from the retailer(internal financing)or the bank(external financing),respectively,and based on the Stackelberg game,the optimal pricing and return rate strategies under two financing modes are given.On this basis,by comparing the optimal decisions and revenue of the recycler,retailer,manufacturer,and closed-loop supply chain under different financing modes,the financing mode selection strategies are given from different perspectives.The research results show that under certain conditions,the retailer providing financing services are beneficial for the manufacturer,retailer,recycler and closed-loop supply chain.
相变材料(phase change materials,PCMs)是潜热储热技术的核心储热媒介,因此选择合适的PCMs需综合考虑到多种因素,而相变温度、储能密度和导热系数是衡量PCMs适用性的最关键因素.对典型的固-液相变的不同类型PCMs特点进行了归纳和比较,结果证明研究多种高性能兼容的复合材料是PCMs应用的发展方向.通过理论分析得出:在设定工作温差50℃范围内常用PCMs相变潜热≥100 kJ/kg时,单位质量储热密度与PCMs的相变温度不再相关;PCMs的相变温度越高,系统的有效输出温度范围越宽,系统输出越灵活;PCMs的相变潜热越大,系统在有效温度范围变化时释热效率越稳定.因此在50℃工作温差范围内选择相变潜热高、兼顾较高的固液平均比热容和相变温度高的PCMs时系统的输出性能更优越.
