Aim: To understand knowledge of soft contact lenses wear and care amongcollege students. Methodology: A prospective–observational study was conducted using a structured questionnaire among the contact lens wearers from November 2020 to May 2021. Study site is healing touch eye hospital. Sets of validated questionnaires were distributed among college students. A convenience sampling method was used in this study, and the sample size was calculated. The total sample size that was taken is 300. The data collected was analysed using Statistical analysis and it was performed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the social sciences) version 20. College students were included within the age group of 18 to 30 years. Subjects not willing to participate were excluded. Results: In this prospective observational study questionnaires were takenup by 300 subjects, but due to incomplete forms, had to reject 20 forms. Out of 280 subjects, 74.29% (208) subjects had refractive error and 25.71% (72) subjects had no refractive error, and only 44.29% (124) subjects reported that they use contact lenses. Out of the 124 contact lens users, 120 subjects were soft contact lens users, 3 were RGP contact lens users and 1 was Semi Scleralcontact lens user. It was also noticed that most of the subjects got their contact lenses from optical shops, eye hospitals and optometric clinics. Conclusion: From the results of our study,it is hereby concluded that most ofthe subjects got their contact lenses from optical shops, eye hospitals and optometric clinics. Refractive wear and cosmetic wear were the main purposes for the use of contact lenses. Most of the subjects used contact lenses on a daily basis, followed lens wear modality, and frequent replacement schedule and used multipurpose solution to clean and soak their lenses. Almost all contact lens users washed their hands before using their contact lenses and also cleaned their contact lenses by rubbing and ringing their lenses.
Purpose: This study aimed to find out the aspects of incidence of accommodative excess among school-going children due to excessive near work during pandemic period in relation to various parameters like indoor-outdoor activity & screen time. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted among 176 individual children between 5-17 years of age reported with ocular or non-ocular asthenopic symptoms. A detailed test had performed to check various accommodative parameters like NPA, MEM, NRA, PRA, MAF, BAF, as well as vergence parameters like NPC, NFV and PFV. One monthly follow up had been performed all these necessary binocular vision assessments tests & checked the status. Results: Out of 267 patients, 51 of them had accommodative excess (28.97%). It was found that 29% children with less screen exposure & 46% of children with excessive screen exposure had developed accommodative excess which became significant (fisher’s exact 0.027). The percentage of children with less indoor activity & excessive indoor activity with accommodative excess were 17% & 48% respectively (p value 0.052). Among all the Accommodation parameters, Accommodative facility (100%) becomes an excellent marker followed by poor NPA (33%), NRA/PRA (27%) & MEM (10%). Also children with long screen & indoor exposure developed with poor NRA more easily.(18% short exposure & 54% long exposure). Conclusion: Children with prolonged near work & indoor activities suffered more compared to children with some outdoor activities & less screen exposure. Secondary convergence insufficiency can be there along with accommodative excess. A proper vision therapy and appropriate counselling about the visual hygiene & environmental modifications should always be advocated to save our future shapers of this beautiful world.
Background: The goal of structuring this instrument is to provide convenience to the observer and the patient without having to remember the counts (Cycles per minute-CPM) with equal optical performance as that of the manual flippers in order to test accommodative facility. Objective: The product is designed in order to increase the grade of accuracy with the same optical performance as that of conventional flippers and making it convenient for both the examiner and the patient. Material and Methodology: The instrument is designed with the help of optical and control module that enables automatic flipping of the lenses which will be tested both monocularly and binocularly on emmetropic subjects. As a prerequisite screening test will be done in order to confirm BSV. Conclusion: The instrument is to diagnose the anomalies of Accommodation and it can also be used in vision therapy training such as increasing the accommodative facility by adding different diopters to the flippable lens.
Purpose: To study the ocular effects of continuous online multiplayer gaming and reading using smartphones. Methodology: In the study, inclusion criteria were 25 active gamers and 25 readers between the ages of 18 to 25 years of either sex, and the Indian population with ametropia < ± 4.00D sph and -1.25 cyl. Exclusion criteria were subjects with a history of non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies, ocular surgery, strabismus, ocular trauma & pathologies, and systemic illness. The GAMERS were allowed to play PUBG for 2hrs, and READERS were allowed to read for 2hrs on their smartphones. The pre- and post-activity values were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: There were significant changes in NPC with accommodative target and RG filter, monocular and binocular accommodative amplitudes, monocular and binocular accommodative facility, and vergence facility (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<0.05) among the GAMERS and READERS. No significant change in accommodative response, vergence amplitudes, tear film volume, and stability. The differences observed between the pre- and post-activity values of the binocular vision and tear film parameters were the same when compared between GAMERS and READERS (Mann Whitney U test, p>0.05). Conclusion: The ocular effects of GAMING are similar to continuous READING on mobile phones. However, the addictive nature of the activity "GAMING" could aggravate the ocular symptoms of exhaustive use.
Objective: The Researchers looked to determine over a 2-year period whether patients with early diabetic macular oedema (DMO) would wear a mask (Noctura 400) during sleep and maintain a good level of use throughout the study period, with regular follow ups to monitor and discuss use. As the COVID-19 pandemic began during this study, the researchers also had the opportunity to evaluate mask use during lockdown periods in England and while there was massive disruption to hospital ophthalmic services. Methods: A total of 26 patients were recruited for the study and, for each one, regular phone and text support was put in place to help with Noctura 400 wear. In the first year, regular 3 monthly hospital visits were provided whereas in the second year the visits mostly did not take place due to COVID-19 restrictions, though phone calls and texts continued for the entire duration. Results: In a questionnaire at the end of year 1, the vast majority of the patients found the sleep mask comfortable and easy to use. A total of 21 out of 26 completed the whole 2 years of home treatment and none of those who dropped out did so for light mask related reasons. The researchers found with the appropriate level of support and encouragement that a high level of mask wear compliance was achieved (76.1% for the 2 years). The initial compliance was 80.1% that dropped slightly to 76.6% at year-end but was maintained throughout the second year with a final median compliance of 75.1%. Compliance dropped slightly (but not significantly) during the ongoing pandemic that included 3 lockdowns in England and disruption of hospital services such that in the second year 18 of the 21 (85.7%) completing patients had no hospital visits. Conclusion: The Noctura 400 sleep mask was worn effectively for a protracted period of time by the group of patients when appropriately supported even when there was severe hospital service disruption. The need for effective home treatments during these unpredictable times is highlighted.
