The hydrogenation process in oil fields is a crucial step for improving oil quality and reducing pollutant emissions during crude oil processing.In the context of"dual carbon",the greenization of hydrogen supply mode has become a key factor in industry transformation.The traditional hydrogen production mode has a higher carbon emission intensity and is seriously out of sync with the low-carbon development requirements of the oil and gas industry.Therefore,it is of greater practical significance to develop green and safe hydrogen production methods.This paper uses a mixture of(NH4)2S2O8 and dicyandiamide as the precursor and prepares porous g-C3N4(pg-C3N4)through a thermal polymerization method.The microstructure,light absorption capacity,chemical structure,and crystal structure of pg-C3N4 are analyzed by TEM,XRD,DRS,and FT-IR spectroscopy.The photocatalysis hydrogen production from water splitting and the degradation of pollutants over pg-C3N4 are also investigated.The results show that the specific surface area of pg-C3N4 is approximately 49 m2/g.The results show that the specific surface area of pg-C₃N₄ is approximately 49 m²/g.Compared with bulk g-C₃N₄,pg-C₃N₄ possesses a larger specific surface area and a relatively higher separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs,thereby significantly enhancing its performance in water splitting for hydrogen production under visible light as well as its activity in decomposing Rhodamine B(RhB).Moreover,it can maintain good performance and structural stability.This paper provides a green hydrogen production method for the development of hydrogenation processes in oil fields.
The industrialization of all-vanadium flow batteries（VFB） is currently hindered by the inherent trade-off between proton conductivity and vanadium ion rejection in ion exchange membrane materials.To address this challenge,a novel membrane architecture was innovatively proposed by constructing a composite membrane loaded with S-SN nanosheets.The performance of the composite membrane was systematically evaluated through micro-morphology characterization,physicochemical analyses including proton conduction and mechanical strength,as well as battery polarization behavior and constant-current discharge stability tests.The results demonstrate that the prepared composite membrane achieves a coulombic efficiency of 96.4% and an energy efficiency of 76.81% at a high current density of 200 mA/cm2.After 500 cycles,the membrane exhibits excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 74.91%.By precisely regulating the membrane structure, this innovative design successfully resolves the balance dilemma of ion-selective transport,providing a new strategy for developing cost-effective and stable energy storage membranes.
In the development process of Block G in Dagang Oilfield, the air foam flooding system exhibits favorable oil displacement performance. However, affected by factors such as foam preparation technology, gas injection volume, gas injection rate and reservoir permeability heterogeneity, gas channeling is prone to occur during oil and gas production. To explore the mechanism of gas channeling in oil reservoirs and its impacts on oil and gas field development, experiments on the oil displacement performance of air foam flooding were conducted using a Brookfield viscometer, gas chromatograph and core flooding apparatus. The experiments investigated the effects of profile control agent types, gas injection modes and reservoir heterogeneity. Corresponding effective technologies for gas channeling control were also proposed. The results show that in the air foam flooding test with heterogeneous models, foam preferentially enters high-permeability layers, which increases seepage resistance and reduces water absorption index, thus achieving excellent effects of water control and oil production enhancement. Compared with conventional air foam flooding, the injection of Cr3+ polymer gel and hydrophobic associating polymer can effectively restrain gas channeling, and further improve the oil-increasing and water-reducing performance of air foam flooding. When the injection volume of gel plugging agent is 0.20 PV, the maximum increment of oil recovery factor reaches 15.23%; when the injection volume of polymer is 0.30 PV, the maximum increment of oil recovery factor is 11.35%.
The narrow strip-shaped reservoirs in the lower member of Minghuazhen Formation in the Bonan area of the Bohai Bay Basin are characterized by diverse types of dominant flow channels,which are difficult to identify and control,severely impairing the waterflooding development effect.Based on the morphological characteristics of production curves from 112 tracer test samples,dominant flow channels were classified into four levels.By investigating the reservoir physical property parameters and production dynamic response characteristics of each level,an innovative discrimination parameter system for dominant flow channels was established,and the development degree of preferential channels was quantitatively characterized.Using a combination of statistical methods and grey relational analysis,the main controlling factors affecting dominant flow channels were quantitatively determined,and classified control countermeasures for the four levels of preferential channels were proposed.The results show that after long-term water injection development,Level Ⅲ dominant flow channels accounts for the highest proportion,reaching 59%of the total.The average interpreted permeability is 7 037 mD,and the average radius of pore roar is 16.0 µm.The main factors affecting dominant flow channels are production pressure difference and channel width,which should be carefully considered in the design and dynamic adjustment of injection-production well spacing.The research findings provide a scientific basis for formulating water control measures and conducting full-cycle optimization and evaluation of profile control and profile modification and flooding in narrow strip-shaped reservoirs.Field applications have achieved favorable effects of water cut reduction and oil production increase.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous polymers formed by linking several light elements through covalent bonds. They feature large specific surface area, excellent chemical stability, and precisely tunable pore architecture, rendering them highly promising for adsorption applications. In this work, COF-TpPa-1 demonstrated effective performance as an adsorbent for the removal of two representative organic dyes (methyl green and congo red) from aqueous solutions. Comprehensive investigations were performed to analyze the effects of various factors while examining adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. The results demonstrated that the adsorption of both methyl green and congo red onto COF-TpPa-1 followed the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, indicating a predominant monolayer adsorption mechanism.Kinetic studies showed excellent accordance with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the primary adsorption mechanism. The adsorption processes of COF-TpPa-1 for both dyes were endothermic and thermodynamically spontaneous.Remarkable maximum adsorption capacities of 253.17 mg/g for methyl green and 166.39 mg/g for congo red were achieved at 313 K. Furthermore, ethanol treatment enabled efficient dye desorption and adsorbent regeneration.
