Electrocardiograms (ECGs) have the potential to be used as a reliable source of information for human identity recognition due to their universality, portability, and unique and stable biological identification features. This method enriches and refines existing biometric identification techniques, and is suitable for customer identity identification in the insurance industry. This article has the following objectives: 1) to introduce biometric identification techniques commonly used in the insurance industry, including ECG biometric identification techniques, and their advantages; 2) to discuss major aspects of ECG biometric identification techniques; 3) to systematically review the most recent advances in ECG identification and extraction characteristics from research in China and other countries; 4) to outline the technical aspects of using ECGs for recognizing client identity in the insurance industry; and 5) to discuss the future of ECGs in identity recognition. This article is aimed at further promoting the application of living personal ECG identification techniques in the insurance industry, and extending it to areas including medical insurance, banking, justice, public security, military, government, enterprises, and other departments and areas in which identification is needed to promote social stability and national security.
Objective To assess the accuracy of wearable electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring device for detecting arrhythmias(sinus rhythm,premature ventricular contraction,premature atrial contraction,and atrial fibrillation),and heart rate in a clinical setting.Methods A total of 321 volunteers(875 ECG records)participated in this study,including 146 males(531 ECG records)and 175 females(344 ECG records).A wearable ECG monitoring device was employed to record ECGs for detecting arrhythmias and heart rate.The detection results were compared with physicians'clinical diagnostic results based on 12-lead ECG machine(regraded as the gold standard for diagnosing arrhythmias and detecting heart rate).Accuracy and consistency evaluation of the two detection methods was conducted in all the subjects,including accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,F1 score,area under curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve,Bland-Altman consistency analysis,mean absolute error,and correlogram.Results Regarding arrhythmia identification,wearable ECG monitoring device exhibits impressive performance metrics,with an AUC of 0.98,accuracy of 0.98,sensitivity of 0.96,specificity of 0.99,and an F1 score of 0.96.In terms of heart rate monitoring,a robust correlation between the wearable ECG monitoring equipment and the ECG machine is evident,with a substantial total correlation coefficient of 0.84(P＜0.01).Bland-Altman consistency analysis reveals that the two methods display a mean difference of-0.97 times per minute,a mean standard deviation of 8.02 times per minute,and a 95%confidence interval ranging from-16.69 to 14.75 within an acceptable level.Conclusion Wearable ECG monitoring device can accurately detect arrhythmias and heart rate.
Objective To compare the safety of the thoracotomy implantation of electrodes and the implantation of electrodes under X-ray fluoroscopy in creating a rapid atrial pacing model,and to provide a basis for producing an atrial fibrillation(AF)animal model.Methods Twelve experimental dogs were randomly divided into two groups according to different pathways of pacemaker electrode implantation.In the thoracotomy group(n = 6),pacemaker electrodes were fixed in the left atrial appendage following thoracotomy while in the intervention group(n=6),pacemaker electrodes were implanted into the right atrial appendage or right atrium through the external jugular vein.Based on stable general situations,the pacemaker was opened and continuously paced for 6 weeks at 400 times per minute in each group.Changes of the cardiac structure was evaluated by performing cardiac B-ultrasound examinations separately in the baseline state and after six weeks of continuous pacing.After the surgery,subcutaneous infection,pouch infection,bloody infection,infectious endocarditis,heart failure were assessed by observing the wound,monitoring body temperature,and detecting procalcitonin and NT-proBNP.Results Among the 12 dogs,one in the thoracotomy group died on the third day after the surgery while one in the intervention group suddenly died on the seventh day after the surgery;the remaining 10 dogs all completed the experiment.AF could be induced in both groups.Compared with the cardiac structure before the pacing,the cardiac structure of both groups change to a certain extent following six weeks of pacing;the left atrial diameter,the left ventricular end-systolic diameter,the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,the right atrial diameter,and the right ventricular diameter of the two groups all increase after six weeks of pacing.However,there is no statistically significant difference of ejection fraction before and after pacing.The incidence of heart failure in the thoracotomy group is significantly higher than that in the intervention group(50.0%vs.16.7%,P＜0.05)while the infection rate is also significantly different between the two groups(66.7%vs.33.3%,P＜0.05).Conclusion In terms of reducing the infection rate and the incidence of heart failure,the method of implanting electrodes in an external jugular vein under X-ray fluoroscopy is superior to the thoracotomy implantation of electrodes to produce a canine rapid atrial pacing model.
Objective To explore the sensitivity and specificity of ambulatory electrocardiography(AECG)in the auxiliary diagnosis of stable and variant angina pectoris.Methods Patients with suspected stable and variant angina pectoris were selected,each group with 50 cases.AECG examination was performed,and its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was analyzed by using coronary angiography as the gold standard.The duration of QRS complex and ECG characteristics of the two groups were recorded.Results Coronary angiography results show that out of 50 patients suspected with stable angina pectoris,45 cases are positive,and the positive coincidence rate of AECG examination is 97.78%.Among 50 cases suspected with variant angina pectoris,43 cases are positive,and the positive coincidence rate of AECG examination is 95.35%.The sensitivity and specificity of AECG examination in diagnosing stable angina pectoris are 95.56%and 80.00%,respectively while its sensitivity and specificity for variant angina pectoris are 93.02%and 85.71%,respectively.In the stable angina pectoris group,the duration of QRS complex is significantly shorter than that in the variant angina pectoris group(P＜0.05)while the detection rate of ST-T depression is significantly higher than that in the variant angina pectoris group.However,the proportion of T-wave inversion,and the detection rates of ST-T depression complicating T-wave inversion in the stable angina pectoris group are significantly lower than those in the variant angina pectoris group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of AECG examination are high for diagnosing stable and variant angina pectoris with clear image features,which provides important references for differential diagnosis.
Objective To explore the correlation between Tp-Te interval,Tp-Te/QT ratio and other ECG indexes,and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with breast cancer first treated by anthracycline-based chemotherapy,and to investigate the predictive value of these ECG indexes.Methods A total of 150 females diagnosed with breast cancer were enrolled.All patients were treated by anthracycline chemotherapy.According to the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias after treatment,these patients were divided into three groups:non-ventricular arrhythmia group(n=90),ventricular tachycardia group(n=26)and premature ventricular contraction(PVC)group(n=34).The general clinical data(including age,smoking history,diabetes history,hypertension history,Hb,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,K+,Na+ and Ca2+),and ECG related indexes(including QT interval,Tp-Tec and Tp-Te/QT)before and after treatment were compared among groups.Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)were used to analyze the predictive value of ECG related indexes on the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia and PVC in patients with breast cancer after treatment.Results After treatment,the values of QTc,Tp-Tec and Tp-Te/QT in patients of the ventricular tachycardia group and the PVC group are all significantly increased(P＜0.05);these values are all higher than those in the normal controls(P＜0.05).Patients in the ventricular tachycardia group have the most obvious increase of ECG related indexes(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis shows that QT interval,Tp-Tec and Tp-Te/QT are all significantly positively correlated with the occurrences of ventricular tachycardia and PVC in patients with breast cancer after treatment.ROC curve analysis indicates that the predictive value of Tp-Tec on the occurrences of ventricular tachycardia and PVC in patients with breast cancer is significantly higher than that of QTc and Tp-Te/QT;the best cut-off values are 93.54 and 83.07 ms,respectively.Conclusion QT interval,Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio have certain predictive value on the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with breast cancer first treated by anthracycline-based chemotherapy,and the predictive value of Tp-Te interval is the highest.In the future,it may be used as an important ECG index to make early prediction and evaluation of the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,and provide theoretical basis for its early prevention and treatment.
