Value-added services exert a substantial impact on the interaction between startups and investors, leading to a win–win situation. Exploring the mechanisms through which investors exert their influence on the value-added services offered to startups can facilitate this goal. Such an investigation can aid startups in increasing their value, while also enabling investors to reap benefits through investment appreciation. Additionally, it can facilitate the growth of the equity investment industry in a healthy manner. As part of this study, six startups that have received value-added services from investors have been selected as typical cases. A SETC theoretical model has been constructed using grounded theory to extract the main influencing mechanisms of the value-added services’ effects. The research results show that value-added services, in addition to directly affecting the value-added service effect, may also instigate principal-agent conflicts between investors and startups, driven by the external environment and the both parties’ traits, which ultimately influence the value-added service effect. Value-added service is an internal direct driver of the value-added service effect; the external environment is a external direct driver, both parties’ traits are situational drivers, and principal-agent conflict is an intermediary driver.
Our main purpose is to investigate the dynamic control problem of a monopolist’s product and process innovation under reference quality. The main features of this article are: (i) a monopolist dealing with customer behaviour in the spirit of the principle of behaviour economics determines the product price, and carries out the activities of product and process innovation; (ii) the consumers’ demand depends on price, product quality and reference quality, and adopts an additive separable demand function form. Our main results show that under the cases of the monopolist optimum and the social planner optimum, (i) there exists an unique stable, which is a saddle-point steady-state equilibrium; (ii) the change rates of the monopolist’s investments in product and process innovation are increasing with the reference quality, while the monopolist’s steady-state investments in product and process innovation are decreasing with the reference quality; (iii) as the memory parameter increases with other parameters kept constant, it is very likely that the monopolist’s investment in process innovation be greater than the investment in product innovation; and (iv) the social incentive towards both investments in product and process innovation is always larger than the private incentive characterizing the profit-seeking monopolist.
To address the problem of uncertainty in decision information and the difficulty of complete rationality of decision-makers in emergency response decision-making,a novel approach to emergency response decision-making is proposed based on the prospect theory and probabilistic linguistic terms.First,the evaluation of decision-makers is represented as probabilistic linguistic terms,and a similarity measure of probabilistic linguistic terms based on Jensen-Shannon divergence is proposed.Then,the prospect theory,which can describe the mental behavior of decision-makers,is applied to the probabilistic linguistic environment,and a prospect decision matrix is constructed by combining the proposed similarity measure of probabilistic linguistic terms.Afterwards,a criterion weight model is constructed with the idea of deviation minimization to calculate the criterion weights,based on which,the overall prospect value of each alternative is obtained by combining the prospect decision matrix with the criterion weights,and the ranking of each alternative is obtained.Finally,a maritime accident case illustrates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Aimed at an integrated problem of flight timetabling and fleet assignment under fluctuated multi-segment service demands in commercial airline service market,considering airline service attractiveness to consumers,a mixed integer linear programming model is constructed by replicating flights with multiple optional take-off time periods and using a time-space network.By predefining a discrete distribution for fluctuating demands as input data,flight timetabling and fleet assignment are taken as a whole and solved by CPLEX.Then a diving heuristic algorithm is designed and six examples are generated with 10 to 20 airports respectively for simulation test.The computational results show that when an example scale exceeds 12 airports,calculation speed and target value for the algorithm are better than CPLEX.Finally,sensitivity analysis is applied to verify the robustness of the algorithm,which indicates that the algorithm can help airlines find faster and better real-time decision-making solutions than CPLEX.
Studying the relationship between talent scale and enterprise innovation has an important reference value for the government to reasonably guide high-level labor factors to flow to enterprises and make enterprise innovative development.Based on the absorptive capacity theory and"Williamson"hypothesis,this paper finds that the high-level labor factor scale has a three-stage impact on enterprise innovation.The empirical analysis shows that the innovation of high-level labor factors in Chinese enterprises has a staged"breakpoint"feature,and is more inclined to the"breakpoint"feature indicated by the absorptive capacity theory.High-level labor factors flow to foreign enterprises,enterprises in eastern region and enterprises in industries with small innovation gap is more likely to make the high-level labor factor scale in enterprises break through the"breakpoint"value indicated by the absorptive capacity theory,which is beneficial for enterprise innovation.On the one hand,the government should introduce appropriate talent policies to guide the transfer of high-level labor factors from enterprises of phase Ⅲ to enterprises of phase Ⅱ.On the other hand,the government should implement appropriate industrial policies to build an innovation structure with a small innovation gap within the industry,create an ecological environment with fierce innovation competition,and guide high-level labor factors to flow to enterprise clusters with a small innovation gap for making enterprises innovative development.
