Sex and gender affect almost every aspect of heart failure, from epidemiology and risk factors, to pathophysiology, phenotype, response to medical, non-medical and device therapy and ultimate outcomes.
A 27-year-old pregnant woman (29th week) reported palpitations, dizziness and exertional dyspnoea. The heart rate was 130 bpm at rest, up to 180 bpm during mild exertion, without haemodynamic compromise.
