The development of ecological civilization is the main stream of China's current society,and the system of ecological compensation is one of the effective measures to protect ecological environments and address environmental pollution.By studying the foreign practice cases of ecological compensation and investigating domestic ecological compensation cases,this paper identifies three ecological compensation operation modes:government led,market led,and the joint of government and market.In particular,the paper analyses the enlightenment of foreign experience on the construction of ecological compensation mechanism in China from the sustainability of funds and the operation efficiency of ecological compensation.It is of great significance to promote the development and optimization of China's ecological compensation modes.
With the official implementation of the"Three Zones and Three Lines"achievements,township territorial space planning will become the key work in the next stage.By comparing the guidelines for the compilation of township territorial space planning issued by different provinces and analyzing the basic content framework of township territorial space planning,this paper takes the revision of the"Guidelines for the Compilation of Township Territorial Space Planning in Hunan"as an opportunity to sort out the compilation ideas for the next stage of township territorial space planning in response to various problems that occurred in the early implementation process,and explores and summarizes a comprehensive system of preparation and approval that conforms to the reality of Hunan at the administrative level,with a view to providing reference for the preparation and approval or the formulation and adjustment of township territorial space planning in other regions.
Fujian is a leading demonstration area for ecological civilization in China,and carbon emission reduction is an urgent need to push forward the"dual carbon"work to realize high-quality development.The study of carbon emission intensity of land use and its spatial correlation in Fujian can provide a basis for formulating low carbon land use strategies.For this purpose,this study divides Fujian into five regions:northern Fujian,eastern Fujian,central Fujian,western Fujian,and southern Fujian.The carbon emission intensity of the study area from 2005 to 2019 is calculated by using the carbon emission coefficient method,and the regional differences of carbon emission change are analyzed,and a gravity model is built to study the spatial correlation of carbon emissions in nine cities of Fujian.The results show that:net carbon emissions from land use in Fujian have been increasing year by year,and construction land is the main cause of carbon emissions.The order of changes in net carbon emissions from regional construction land from low to high is northern Fujian,eastern Fujian,western Fujian,central Fujian,and southern Fujian,showing a gradually increasing trend from north to south.The order of changes in carbon emissions from farmland from low to high is northern Fujian,eastern Fujian,central Fujian,western Fujian,and southern Fujian.The order of carbon absorption changes in forest land from low to high is northern Fujian,eastern Fujian,central Fujian,western Fujian,and southern Fujian.There is a universal connection between carbon emissions in various cities,with Quanzhou as the core,and the carbon effect of other cities is gradually increasing.
The compensation system for ecological environment damage is an important part of the supplementary relief and comprehensive prevention mechanism for ecological damage.At present,China's ecological environment damage compensation is still in the exploratory stage,and there are still some problems in the process of practical operation,such as low efficiency in fulfilling ecological environment damage claims,difficulty in quantifying the loss value of ecological service functions,difficulty in implementing judicial confirmation of negotiation agreements,and the need for continuous improvement of the supervision mechanism of ecological environment damage claims.On the basis of analyzing the difficulties faced in the practice of compensation for ecological environment damage,this paper intends to improve the compensation system for ecological environment damage from the aspects of strengthening the construction of coordination mechanism and promoting the construction of technical support capacity,so as to achieve the purpose of better protecting the ecological environment.
In order to reduce the impact of natural disasters on the development and utilization of uninhabited islands,it is urgent to strengthen the risk management of natural disasters on islands.This paper analyses the risk management experience of foreign islands in responding to natural disasters and the disaster mechanism of the development and utilization of uninhabited islands,and puts forward the risk management and strategy of natural disasters in the development and utilization of uninhabited islands.The results show that foreign countries attach importance to the formulation of top-level action programs for disaster prevention and reduction,risk assessment and stakeholder participation in risk management.Natural disaster is a complex system composed of disaster environment,disaster-causing factors,disaster-bearing bodies and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities.The development and utilization of these systems have changed the pure natural attributes of uninhabited islands and provided disaster-causing conditions.The development and utilization of uninhabited islands should pay attention to the whole process of natural disaster risk management before and after development.Before development,risk assessment,emergency plan and preliminary design should be carried out.After development,attention should be paid to the daily disaster prevention and mitigation management,strengthening the implementation and exercise of emergency plans,refining the risk management mechanism,improving the monitoring and early warning ability of island natural disasters,intensifying the important role of non-governmental institutions,promoting the construction of publicity and education system,and strengthening the restoration of damaged ecosystems.
