[目的]为了筛选出能促使橡胶树籽苗芽接大筒苗的生长、提高苗木质量的轻基质配方,以便解决传统容器育苗基质的质量重、运输难、成本高等难题,进而给橡胶树优质种苗的培育提供数据支撑和技术指导.[方法]以泥炭、椰糠和表土为基质原料,按其体积比配制成6种育苗基质,以每种基质处理作为1个试验处理,其处理编号分别为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、CK,以大型育苗筒为容器进行橡胶树大筒苗的培育试验,观测了以不同配比育苗基质培育的大筒苗的株高、茎粗、鲜质量、叶蓬数等生长指标值与出圃定植参数和叶片中各种矿质养分元素含量,并采用隶属函数评估法对6 种育苗基质中各种养分元素含量进行了综合评价.[结果]6 种基质均呈酸性,其pH值为4.82～5.57.综合评价结果表明,未添加表土的轻基质处理T1(椰糠)、T2(泥炭)、T3(泥炭∶椰糠=1∶1)所用基质中各种养分元素的含量均较高,添加了表土的重基质质量为轻基质质量的2～4 倍;对基质中各种养分元素含量与橡胶树大筒苗的生长参数、出圃参数和叶片中各种矿质养分元素含量的逐步回归分析结果表明,基质中全磷和速效磷的含量直接影响着大筒苗株高的生长,而其速效磷、铵态氮的含量和pH值直接影响着大筒苗的出圃率;以不同配比基质培育的橡胶树大筒苗主要生长参数和叶片中各种养分元素含量的隶属函数平均值的大小顺序为:T2＞T3＞T1＞T5＞T4＞CK.[结论]橡胶树大筒苗的茎粗、叶蓬数、鲜质量、出圃率、定植成活率、壮苗指数及其叶片中氮、磷、钙的含量,T2 处理(育苗基质为泥炭)的均居6 种育苗基质处理的第1位,可以选取泥炭为培育橡胶树籽苗芽接大筒苗的轻基质.
【Objective】In order to screen green and safe fruit calyx removal scheme suitable for Korla pear.【Method】Taking Korla pear as the experimental material, different concentrations of female pear agent, flusilazole, difenoconazolepropiconazole, MC Extra and Jincunqiu were applied for decalyx treatment at the initial flowering and full flowering stages respectively, while water was sprayed as the control. The effects of different calyx removal treatments on the appearance and internal quality indexes of Korla pear, such as single fruit mass, fruit shape index and soluble solid were studied.【Result】Compared with the control, the calyx removal rate of the female pear agent was significantly increased, and the fruit shape index was decreased. The better treatment was T2（2000 times liquid, sprayed once at the full flowering stage）, and calyx removal rate was 79.28%, which had no adverse effect on fruit quality. After fluorosilazole treatment, the calyx removal rate was significantly increased compared with the control. The fruit shape index and fruit stem length of different treatments were lower than those of the control, and showed a decreasing trend with the increase of treatment concentration. The better effect of calyx removal was T6（4000 times liquid, sprayed at the initial flowering and at the full flowering stages respectively）, the calyx removal rate of the treatment T6 was 98.68%, which was 49.50%higher than that of the control, and the average single fruit mass was significantly higher than that of the control. After difenoconazole-propiconazole treatment, the calyx removal rate was significantly increased compared with the control,and the calyx removal rate showed an increasing trend with the increase of the treatment concentration. The fruit shape index, heart fruit ratio and fruit stem length were lower than those of the control. The better effect of calyx removal was T12（4000 times liquid, sprayed at the initial flowering and the full flowering stages）, the calyx removal rate of T12 was 88.43 %, which was 39.25 % higher than that of the control, and the soluble solids could be improved. When MC Extra was sprayed at the initial flowering stage, the calyx removal rate increased with the increase of treatment concentration.The calyx removal rate was the best in the treatment of T17（20 times liquid, sprayed once at the initial flowering stage）,and the calyx removal rate was 80.89%, which was about 1.6 times that of the control. The heart fruit ratio and fruit stem diameter were significantly lower than those of the control, and soluble solid content was significantly higher than that of the control. When Jincunqiu was sprayed at the full flowering stage, the calyx removal rate was better in the treatment of T30（1,000 times liquid, sprayed once at the full flowering stage）, and the calyx removal rate was 75.14 %.There were no significant difference in single fruit mass, fruit shape index, heart fruit ratio and the soluble solid content between the treatment and the control.【Conclusion】After treatment with several kinds of calyx removers, the calyx removal rate of Korla pear fruit can be improved, and more calyx removal pears（commonly known as female pear） can be formed. The effect are flusilazole ＞ difenoconazole-propiconazole ＞ female pear agent, MC Extra and Jincunqiu.
[目的]为灰枣的品质改良和果树的科学施肥等提供参考.[方法]对新疆 9 个灰枣主要产区内的20 个枣园的果实进行了矿质元素含量和果实品质指标测定,应用偏最小二乘回归分析方法中的变量投影重要性,筛选对果实品质指标有影响的矿质元素,并构建回归方程,对优质灰枣果实中的矿质元素进行定量分析.[结果]枣果中氮和钾元素的含量对果实品质的影响最大,其次是磷、硼、铁、硫元素含量;果实可溶糖含量受到氮、磷、钾、钙元素含量的影响,且与氮元素含量呈现显著的正效应关系,与钾元素含量呈现负的效应关系;可滴定酸含量主要受钙、硼、氮、铁元素含量影响,与氮含量、钙含量、铁含量有正效应系数,与硼含量有负效应系数;蛋白质含量主要受硫、氮、磷元素含量影响,且均为正效应系数;维生素C含量主要受氮、铜、硫、锌元素含量影响,与氮含量、硫含量、铜含量有正效应系数,与锌含量有负效应系数;糖酸比主要受硼、钙、铁、氮元素含量影响,与硼含量有正效应系数,与氮含量有最大的负效应系数.[结论]当氮含量为 4.8～7.1 g/kg、磷含量为 1 018 mg/kg、钾含量为 4 118.25 mg/kg、钙含量为 359.05 mg/kg、镁含量为 306.25 mg/kg、硫含量为201.9 mg/kg、硼含量为14.39 mg/kg、铁含量为10.41 mg/kg、锰含量为3.49 mg/kg、锌含量为3.35 mg/kg和铜含量为 2.5 mg/kg时,果实各品质指标最优,即果实中的可溶性糖含量为 91.38%,可滴定酸含量为 0.22%,蛋白质含量为20.06 mg/g,维生素C含量为1.58 mg/g,糖酸比为 404.77.
[目的]苦杏仁苷是形成杏仁苦味的主要物质,细胞色素P450 基因CYP79 是苦杏仁苷合成路径上的重要基因,研究调控CYP79 基因表达的转录因子对进一步阐明杏仁中苦杏仁苷合成与调控机制具有重要意义.[方法]以'串枝红''骆驼黄'杏仁不同发育时期的种皮和子叶为试验材料,构建杏仁cDNA文库.对杏中PaCYP79 启动子上顺式作用元件进行预测,并利用重组的诱饵载体pAbAi-PaCYP79p对杏仁cDNA酵母文库进行筛选,结合酵母单杂交实验,鉴定PaCYP79启动子可能的上游调控因子.[结果]对PaCYP79启动子顺式作用元件分析表明,PaCYP79 启动子序列中含有多个植物的组成型核心启动子顺式作用元件,还含有ABA、赤霉素、茉莉酸等多种植物激素和环境胁迫的响应元件,参与分生组织发育及种子特异调控等顺式作用元件.成功构建杏仁cDNA酵母文库,库容为 1.2×107 CFU,平均插入片段大于 1 000 bp,文库的重组率为 100%.酵母文库筛选结果经测序和Blast同源性分析,获得 10 个互作蛋白,其中包括淀粉样蛋白聚集和蛋白毒性的正调控相关的蛋白(small EDRK-rich factor 2),与种子发育和随后的萌发调控相关的蛋白(seed biotin-containing protein SBP65),参与控制纤维素微原纤维定向沉积调控的类动力蛋白(kinesin-like protein KIN-4C),60S核糖体蛋白L19-2(PREDICTED:60S ribosomal protein L19-2),聚腺苷结合蛋白2亚型X1(polyadenylate-binding protein 2 isoform X1),以及5个未知功能的蛋白.酵母单杂交进一步证实这10个蛋白能与PaCYP79基因启动子结合.[结论]本研究成功构建了高质量的杏仁cDNA酵母文库,并利用酵母单杂交技术在酵母文库中筛选并验证了10个与PaCYP79启动子互作的蛋白.这些互作蛋白的筛选为深入研究杏仁中苦杏仁苷的合成与调控奠定了基础.
[目的]选择优良杂交组合,提高油茶产量与品质.[方法]选取16个油茶品系作为研究对象,包括6 个高州油茶品系、7 个普通油茶品系、1 个小果油茶品系、1 个香花糙果茶品系和 1 个南山茶品系,采用单交交配设计,设计 27 个杂交组合,估算杂交亲和性的一般配合力和特殊配合力,分析杂交果实大小、质量、果皮厚等性状以及杂交苗生长性状遗传参数,初步筛选高州油茶优良杂交亲本及优良杂交组合.[结果]参试亲本中:高州油茶为六倍体、八倍体和十倍体,其中以十倍体居多;普通油茶为四倍体、六倍体和十倍体,其中以六倍体居多;小果油茶是六倍体;南山茶和香花糙果茶为四倍体.27个杂交组合总套袋数量为1 360,保存数量1 048,坐果数量519,收获杂交果实285个,获得籽粒数量1 894,坐果率最高的组合为CS1×CG2(86.27%),成果率最高的组合为CS1×CG2(76.47%).坐果数量在母本间一般配合力效应值最高的是CG2,为 13.74;父本间的一般配合力效应值最高的是CG1,为11.74.坐果数量的特殊配合力效应值以CB1×CG1最高(31.03),其次是CG2×CS1(22.26)和CS1×CG2(20.43).杂交组合CS1×CG2 在单果质量、横纵径、果形指数和果皮厚度性状方面表现优良,在苗期生长性状方面,发芽率高、长势好,在子代中生长最旺盛.[结论]参试高州油茶品系中,CG2 和CG1 杂交亲和性表现较好,采用杂交组合CS1×CG2 有望培育出优良的油茶杂交品种.
