Taking solid and liquid organic fertilizers produced by hydrothermal cracking process as experimental materials,and adopted field plot experiment method to investigate the effects of hydrothermal cracking organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the growth,quality and soil physicochemical properties of greenhouse cabbage,in order to provide reference for the agricultural utilization of organic fertilizer produced by hydrothermal cracking process.The results showed that compared with single application of chemical fertilizer,mixed application of solid or liquid organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could significantly promote the growth of cabbage plant and leaf,and the cabbage yield increased by up to 14.9%,showing a good effect of increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizer.At the same time,compared with single application of chemical fertilizer,application of solid or liquid organic fertilizer could significantly increase the vitamin C content of cabbage,reduce the nitrate accumulation by more than 6%,and improve the quality and storage resistance of cabbage.In addition,liquid organic fertilizer could quickly increase soil organic matter content and activate phosphorus,and the soil organic matter and available phosphorus content increased by 23.8%and 13.1%respectively after mixed application with chemical fertilizer.Therefore,mixed application of solid or liquid organic fertilizer produced by hydrothermal cracking process and chemical fertilizer was an effective way to promote the yield and quality of greenhouse cabbage and improve soil environment.
Korla pear crisp and refreshing,thin juicy skin,rich in a variety of nutrients,has attracted much attention,pear moisture content is high,in the process of storage prone to fruit water loss wrinkle,rot and deterioration,resulting in pear nutrition loss,quality decline,not easy to store.This study firstly introduced the factors that affect the storage effect of Korla pear,and then expounded the application status of Korla pear storage and preservation from the aspects of physical preservation technology,biological preservation technology and chemical preservation technology,in order to provide reference and guidance for the storage and preservation of Korla pear after postharcrop.
以银杏'黄金万两'为试材,'夏金'为对照(CK),在对叶形、叶色观察的基础上,采用X-Rite色差仪测定叶色参数L*、a*、b*值,测定其叶绿素、类胡萝卜素组分以及主要代谢物含量,并研究叶色变化及光响应特征对2个银杏品种的影响,以期为培育出优质的金色叶银杏新品种提供参考依据.结果表明:'黄金万两'叶形主要以心形为主,叶片没有烂叶现象,叶色3月豆绿色,4月黄绿色,5月黄色,6-10月分别为豆绿-褐绿-褐绿-油绿-褐绿,11月金黄色,而CK叶形主要以扇形为主,叶片在5月底6月初有一次明显的烂叶过程,叶色3月黄色,4月黄色,5月金黄色,6-10月分别为金黄-柳绿-褐绿-褐绿-柳绿,11月呈黄色.色素含量年变化中,'黄金万两'总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均显著高于CK,而且在不同光照强度下'黄金万两'最大光合速率显著高于CK,说明'黄金万两'的光合能力更强.
以20个不同种植年限的设施葡萄园为研究对象,采用跟踪调研与试验分析的方法,探究不同种植年限设施葡萄对养分投入与土壤理化性质的影响,以期改善设施葡萄园养分投入过量和土壤退化的问题.结果表明:1)设施葡萄园养分总投入量为N 1 158.91～2 221.80 kg·hm-2、P2O5 442.77～865.02 kg·hm-2、K2O 830.05～1 516.05 kg·hm-2,有机肥携带的各养分量分别占总量的71.5％、42.7％、57.3％.2)随种植年限增加,1～5年土壤表层容重较其他种植年限增加了22.83％～23.81％;土壤黏粒(＜0.002 mm)含量呈现随着种植年限逐渐向下层淀积.3)＞15年葡萄园在0～20 cm 土层的pH比1～5年下降了0.49个单位,葡萄根系所在土层pH均随种植年限增加而降低.4)0～20 cm的土壤有机质含量随种植年限显著增加,＞15年的含量较其他种植年限增加了21.03％～123.50％;76.19％占比达到了丰富及以上水平.1～5年的表层土壤硝态氮含量较其他种植年限增加了1.46％～147.37％;0～20 cm 土层中的硝态氮有52.38％为缺乏水平,并出现向土壤深层淋移的现象.0～60 cm 土层的有效磷和速效钾含量均随种植年限的增加而增加,且上层含量高于下层;丰富及以上水平占比分别为90.48％～100％和100％.综上所述,设施葡萄园不同种植年限土壤各养分投入量均超过葡萄需求量.随种植年限的增加,根系土层的pH显著下降;土壤有机质及磷、钾含量在表层显现出上升趋势,但深层变化不显著;土壤硝态氮存在淋失风险.
以灯盏花为试材,采用LI-6800便携式光合测定仪分析灯盏花光合日变化的规律,通过模拟温度(22、26、30 ℃)升高对灯盏花光合生理特性的影响,以期为灯盏花的栽培提供参考依据.结果表明:灯盏花在全天过程中呈三峰状态,存在短暂的光合午休现象;温度为22～26 ℃时,灯盏花的光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、最大羧化速率(Vc.max)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax)、Jmax/Vc.max升高,水分利用效率(WUE)下降;温度为22～30 ℃ 时,Pn、LSP、Vc.max、Jmax、Jmax/Vc.max、LCP、CO2 补偿点Γ、最大光合能力(Amax)、磷酸丙糖利用率(VTPU)、蒸腾速率(Tr)升高,WUE、PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、光系统Ⅱ活Fv/Fo、暗呼吸速率(Rd)下降;温度为26～30 ℃时,Pn、Amax、Vc.max、Jmax、VTPU、Jmax/Vc.max、LSP 无显著性变化,LCP、Γ 升高,WUE、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Rd 下降;表观量子效应(AQE)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度与大气CO2浓度的比值(Ci/Ca)在各个阶段均无显著性变化.综上可知,升高温度可以增强灯盏花光合作用及光合利用区间,促使植物利用更强的光能,温度过高时,灯盏花出现光抑制现象,可能会造成植物不可逆的损伤.
