[Objective]The species,distribution and utilization status of wild medicinal plant resources in Qingzhen,Guizhou Province were explored to provide the basis for sustainable utilization and protection of medicinal plant resources and exploitation of dominant species in this region.[Method]According to the requirement of Technical Specification of the Fourth National Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources,the medicinal plant resources in Qingzhen City were collected by field investigation,specimen identification and photo shooting,and then the diversity of their species composition,family structure,life type,medicinal efficacy and medicinal parts were studied.[Result]There were 673 species of medicinal plants in 481 genera,146 families in Qingzhen City,including 43 species of ferns in 32 genera,19 families,such as Drynaria fortunei,Pyrrosia petiolosa and Asplenium pekinense;13 species of gymnosperms were in 12 genera,7 families,such as Pinus massoniana,Pseudolarix amabilis,and Platycladus orientalis;Angiosperms belonged to 617 species in 437 genera,120 families,such as Plantago asiatica,Bletilla striata and Reynoutria japonica.[Conclusion]The species of medicinal plants in Qingzhen City are abundant with diverse life types,medicinal efficacy and medicinal parts,and some medicinal plants have potential value for protection,development and artificial cultivation.
[Objective]The effects of the application amount of new trace element fertilizer,silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer,on the yield and quality of Brassica napus were investigated,which provided new fertilizer choices for high-yield and stable-yield cultivation of B.napus,and provided new methods for studying the simplified cultivation of B.napus with reducing fertilizer application and improving yield in Guizhou.[Method]Using pure base fertilizer as CK,the fertilization test to B.napus with different dosages of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer(300 kg/hm2,600 kg/hm2,900 kg/hm2,1 200 kg/hm2,1 500 kg/hm2,1 800 kg/hm2)was carried out from 2020 to 2022,so as to analyze the differences in yield,plant traits and quality characteristics of B.napus treated with different application rate of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer.[Result]Applying silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer was beneficial for B.napus growth and effectively improving the yield.Compared with CK,the yield of B.napus increased by 0.48％-4.34％and 0.93％-8.40％respectively after applying base fertilizer combined with silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer during 2020-2022.The regression analysis of the application rate of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and rape yied indicated,when the application rates of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer were 1 484.46 kg/hm2 and 1 402.64 kg/hm2,respectively,the yield of B.napus reached the highest,reaching 2 267.93 kg/hm2 and 2 909.45 kg/hm2,respectively.Applying silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer significantly increased the number of pods per plant,main inflorescence length,plant height,branch number,1000-grain weight and pod number,reduced erucic acid and protein content,and improved oil content and yield.[Conclusion]On comprehensively considering economic benefits and yield,the optimal fertilization was base fertilizer combined with 1 400-1 500 kg/hm2 silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer to B.napus.
[Objective]The differences in flavonoids content of flowers and leaves of Rhus chinensis growing at different altitudes were explored to provide the theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of R.chinensis.[Method]Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to determine six flavonoids contents of tannic acid,myricetin,rutin,gallic acid,luteolin and quercetin in flowers and leaves of R.chinensis growing at different altitudes(600-800 m,1 000-1 200 m and 1 200-1 400 m),and then the correlation between altitudes and the contents of each component was analyzed.[Result]Total flavonoids content in flowers of R.chinensis growing at an altitude of 600-800 m was the highest,with an average of 7.48 μg/mL;Total flavonoids content in leaves was highest at an altitude of 1 200-1 400 m,with an average of 5.9 μg/mL.As the flavonoids content in flowers of R.chinensis growing at different altitudes,there was no obvious difference in rutin,myricetin and tannic acid content,while there was a significant difference in gallic acid,luteolin and quercetin content(P＜0.05);As the flavonoids content in leaves,there was no obvious difference in rutin,gallic acid,myricetin,and tannic acid,while there was a significant difference in luteolin and quercetin(P＜0.05).Myricetin and quercetin content in flowers were positively correlated with altitude,and the other four flavonoids contents were negatively correlated with altitude,in which luteolin content was very significantly and negatively correlated with altitude;Rutin,gallic acid and luteolin content in leaves were positively correlated with altitude,while the other three flavonoids content were negatively correlated with altitude,in which rutin content was significantly and positively correlated with altitude.[Conclusion]Altitude affected flavonoids content in flowers and leaves of R.chinensis to a certain extent.Flavonoids content was different in leaves growing at different altitudes.The average content of rutin,gallic acid,tannic acid and luteolin in leaves at an altitude of 1 200-1 400 m was the highest,respectively 0.66 μg/mL,0.48 μg/mL,0.28 μg/mL and 2.12 μg/mL;The average content of myricetin and quercetin content in leaves at an altitude of 1 000-1 200 m was the highest,respectively 0.69 μg/mL and 2.17 μg/mL.
[Objective]The genetic diversity of different geographical populations of the tea plant pest,Crenidorsum turpiniae,was explored to know the current status of genetic differentiation of C.turpiniae,and to provide the foundation for its scientific prevention and control.[Method]Based on the sequence fragments of rDNA ITS1 gene of 10 geographical populations of C.turpiniae in Guizhou Province,the genetic differentiation,gene flow,molecular variation and genetic diversity of these populations were analyzed using MEGA-X,DnasP 5.10,Arlequin 3.5.2.2,SAMOVA 2.0,etc.[Result]The sequence length of rDNA ITS1 gene of 10 geographical populations of C.turpiniae was 434 bp with obvious G+C bias,and it had 306 conservative sites,78 mutation sites and 48 parsimonious information site,among which 9 sites were converted and 9 site were reversed.A total of 47 haplotypes(5 haplotypes were shared and 42 haplotypes were exclusive)were defined.The genetic diversity of the total population of C.turpiniae showed high haplotype diversity(Hd=0.968)and high nucleotide diversity(Pi=0.036 28)in Guizhou 10 plantations.The genetic differentiation degree of the total population of the 10 geographical populations of C.turpiniae was high(Fst=0.724 60),as the gene flow was low(Nm=0.10).The genetic variation of the C.turpiniae was mainly from among groups(Fct=0.646 20);The haplotype phylogenetic analysis showed that the C.turpiniae had two branches with one consisting of MT,YQ,FG and SY populations,and the other of MT,DZ,RH,HX,QX,JS and HHG populations.[Conclusion]The overall level of genetic diversity of C.turpiniae in Guizhou was high,gene glow was low,and it had significant genetic differentiation.
[Objective]The effects of millet-rape multi-cropping system with different planting patterns on soil physical and chemical properties and rhizosphere microbial quantity were explored in the hilly areas,which provided references for formulating rational cultivation measures and realizing the healthy development of agricultural characteristic industries.[Method]The variance and correlation analysis of soil nutrient content and soil microbial quantity in millet-rape multi-cropping for different years(one year,two years and three years)and rotating other crops(corn and sweet potato)after one year of multi-cropping millet-rape were conducted by spatial-temporal substitution method.[Result]Under rotating other crops after one year of multi-cropping millet-rape,compared with millet-rape multi-cropping for one year pattern,the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were significantly decreased after rotating sweet potato and corn(P＜0.05);As for the soil microbial quantity,soil bacteria decreased significantly(P＜0.05)after rotating sweet potato and corn,soil fungi and actinomycetes quantity increased significantly(P＜0.05)after rotating sweet potato,while soil actinomycetes quantity increased significantly(P＜0.05)after rotating corn.In the planting pattern of millet-rape multi-cropping for different years,the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen and available potassium in soil showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase of multi-cropping years;As for soil microbial quantity,soil actinomycetes and bacteria quantity increased significantly(P＜0.05)with the increase of multi-planting years,and soil fungi quantity of multi-cropping for two years was significantly higher than that of multi-cropping for one year and three years.[Conclusion]The soil nutrient content showed a first decreasing and then increasing trend with the increase of multi-cropping years in millet-rape multi-cropping system in hilly areas,in which soil nutrient contents of multi-cropping for three years were better than that for two years.The millet-rape multi-cropping system could maintain soil fertility balance and improve soil quality.
