Building a unified national market is the foundational support and inherent requirement for establishing a new development pattern. As the underlying architecture and technological foundation of digital China, digital infrastructure provides a new opportunity for accelerating the building of a unified national market. This paper, based on panel data from cities in China from 2009 to 2020, analyzes the impact of digital infrastructure construction on the formation of a unified national market and its mechanisms from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. It also explores the synergistic effect of expanding transportation networks. This paper finds that the construction of digital infrastructure significantly promotes the formation of a unified national market. The enhanced data factor mobility and increased degree of technological specialization brought about by the development of digital infrastructure are important channels affecting the formation of a unified national market. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that in terms of urban characteristics, digital infrastructure more effectively promotes the formation of a unified market in small- and medium-sized cities and coastal cities . In terms of government behavior, an increased focus by the government on digital infrastructure and a reduction in administrative segmentation are more conducive to leveraging the promotional role of digital infrastructure in the formation of a unified national market. Extension analysis demonstrates that the expansion of transportation networks and digital infrastructure can form a synergistic effect, significantly boosting the formation of a unified national market.
2022年经济遭受超预期冲击，为对冲经济社会风险，财政支出强度前所未有。财政运行特点体现为：一般公共预算收入前低后高，非税收入、资源型地区收入高企；支出刚性进一步强化，央地支出占比差距加大；政府性基金预算收入负增长，专项债加力保支出强度；地方政府债券付息压力大，基层财政部门用足再融资还本政策空间。为对冲经济社会领域的公共风险，财政的公共支出责任不断增加，出现公共风险“财政化”、财政风险“地方化”、短期风险“长期化”等倾向。从风险演变的视角来看，短期内形势企稳，长期内社会领域公共风险不断扩散，财政支出责任将不断扩大。为此，建议优化调控方式，强化中央在对冲宏观经济社会风险中的主导地位；加快经济复苏，用经济发展缓释财政风险；推进财政改革，用治理效能提升财政对冲风险能力；加速社会改革，防范并应对社会风险向财政责任的无序转化。
本文结合社会主义市场经济体制下实现税利分流的现实背景,从国有企业金字塔结构的视角,探讨建立国有资本经营预算制度对政府与国有企业关系产生的影响.基于中国A股国有上市公司数据的研究发现建立国有资本经营预算制度显著增加了国有上市公司的金字塔层级,表明该制度能够促进政府对国有企业放权.异质性分析表明市场化水平越高、行业竞争程度越大、公司规模越小,这种作用越大.本文研究揭示了国有资本经营预算制度在正确处理政府与国有企业关系方面的重要作用,并为国资监管由"管企业"向"管资本"转变提供了一定的经验证据.
种种迹象表明地方财政困难渐趋多元多样,进一步可以将其解释为地方财政生态失衡.本文从财政内外循环角度构建地方财政生态失衡测度指标体系,利用2015-2020年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)财经数据,量化测度出地方财政生态失衡程度与趋势.结果表明:地方财政生态整体为轻度失衡,呈现出轻微的缓和趋势,东部、东北、中部、西部地区以及不同省份失衡状况存在异质性;地方财政生态失衡呈现出一定的空间集聚性和稳定性,并在短期内难以实现跨越式改进,长期内地方财政生态将朝着更平衡的方向前进.为此,应构建内外协调、差别调控和空间联动机制,从而改进地方财政生态失衡,化解地方财政困难这一难题.
推进中国式现代化必须坚持以人民为中心的发展思想,充分发挥人的主体性作用以国家认同的形成为前提,即国家认同涉及现代化国家建设本身,是现代化国家重要的政治资源.财政能够有效解决国家认同建构中的利益协调问题,推动形成解决社会矛盾的公平保障机制.在现代化国家建设的过程中,人民财政以其平等、共享的价值理念塑造出实现中国式现代化的国家认同.从内在逻辑来看,人民财政"以人民为中心"、"让权利约束权力"和"维护公平正义"的特质符合中国式现代化的人本逻辑、制度逻辑与平等逻辑.面向第二个百年奋斗目标,应坚持财政人民性,为现代化国家建设提供发展动力;加强财政法治化,为现代化国家建设夯实制度保障;维护财政公平性,为现代化国家建设巩固社会基础.
