Objective To investigate the polymorphic forms of paeonol and their influences on in vitro dissolution. Methods The polymorphic paeonol powder was prepared by a single solvent recrystal-lization method. The crystal forms of paeonol were separately measured and analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometer（XRPD）, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, scanning electronic microscopy（SEM） and thermal analysis（TA）. The dissolution curves of different crystal forms in 4 dissolution media were determined and compared by dissolution experiments. Results Significant differences of 6 types of crystal forms of paeonol（Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ） were observed in the XRPD, FT-IR, TA and SEM. The dissolution behaviors of different crystal forms in four dissolution media were also obviously different, in which the crystal type Ⅲ was the fastest, while the type Ⅰ was the slowest in all of dissolution media. Conclusion The systematical study of polycrystalline form of paeonol has shown the differences of all crystal forms, which provides a basis for the crystal identification of paeonol as well as a guidance for the choice and development of advantageous crystal forms.
Objective To establish a rapid, accurate and nondestructive method for identification moldy Rhizoma Polygonatum based on the odor fingerprint. Methods The electronic nose was used to analyze the odor of Rhizoma Polygonatum samples, and the maximum response value of the sensors were extracted as the characteristic parameters. The rapid discriminant model of moldy Rhizoma Polygonatum was established by principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, stepwise discriminant and partial least squares discriminant analysis, respectively. Results The odor difference between moldy Rhizoma Polygonatum and Rhizoma Polygonatum was obvious. Electronic nose with chemometrics could distinguish the moldy Rhizoma Polygonatum with a high accuracy. Conclusion Electronic nose technology can accurately identify moldy Rhizoma Polygonatu, providing new technologies and methods for moldy traditional Chinese medicine rapid analysis.
Objective To study the difference of UPLC characteristic chromatogram between the fresh R.glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing. Methods Using fresh R. glutinosa as raw material,the fresh R. glutinosa extract powders were prepared by two processes of decocting and juicing; Gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as mobile phase, flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, detection wavelength was 203 nm, column temperature was 30℃, determined the characteristic spectrum of each batch of fresh R. glutinosa extract powders. Combined with chemical pattern recognition methods such as multivariate statistical analysis, OPLS-DA, PCA and CA, the differences of fresh R. glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing were compared. Results A total of 10 common peaks were calibrated in the characteristic chromatogram of the extract powders of fresh R. glutinosa, and peak 3（catalpoi）, peak 4（rehmannioside）, peak 6（leonuride） were identified; Multivariate statistical analysis and OPLS-DA showed that the area of peak 1, peak 2, peak 5, peak 7, peak 9 and peak 10 were the most important factors leading to the difference in quality between fresh R. glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing. At the same time, PCA and CA could separate fresh R. glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing into two categories. Conclusion The established UPLC characteristic chromatogram can comprehensively and truly reflect the chemical composition differences of the fresh R. glutinosa extract powders prepared by decocting and juicing, which can provide reference for the preparation technology, quality control and clinical use of modern prepartion of fresh R. glutinosa.
Objective To identify Piper kadsura and Piper hancei through molecular methods. Methods The total DNA were extracted from 31 samples from different geographical populations and Chinese medicine manufacturers. PsbA-trnH, matK, petA-psbJ and ITS were amplified, sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Moreover, 4 pairs of SSR primers were designed to amplify the chloroplast genomes and the results were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Results Among the 4 DNA barcodes, PsbA-trnH sequences had high similarity while others had some discrimination. The phylogenetic trees of matK and petA-psbJ barcodes were quiet similar, which shared the same clustering results with SSR, but different from ITS. Conclusion MatK and petA-psbJ are better than ITS and psbA-trnH to discriminate Piper kadsura and Piper hancei. The DNA barcode and SSR methods can be used to identify the germ plasm resource of Chinese medicine HaiFengTeng.
Objective To explore the correlation between effective component contents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and soil factors, and thereby to provide a basis for artificial cultivation and planting of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. in southern Shaanxi. Methods The contents of tanshinone Ⅱ A , tanshinone Ⅰ, cryptotanshinone,total tanshinones, salvianolic acid B and 12 inorganic elements in 24 batches of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. samples from different producing areas in southern Shaanxi were determined. The contents of 12 inorganic elements and 5 fertility indexes in corresponding planting soil were determined as well. Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to explore the key soil factors leading to the variation of effective component contents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Results The contents of Cr and Ni in soil were in positive correlation with tanshinone Ⅰ（P ＜ 0.05）. The contents of Cu, Co, Cr and Ni in soil were in positive correlation with cryptotanshinone（P ＜ 0.01）. The content of Co in soil was in positive correlation with tanshinone Ⅱ A （P ＜ 0.05）. The content of total tanshinones was in positive correlation with Cu, Cr（P ＜ 0.05）, as well as Co, Ni in soil（P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusion The main soil determining factors of tanshinones are Cu, Co, Cr, Ni. The monitoring of the Cu and Cd contents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and planting soil should be enhanced.
