Technological development driven by digitalization, artificial intelligence, and state support for engineering education, determines the relevance of the studies of new words and meanings in lexis and phraseology of techno sphere. The aim of this study is to identify functional and pragmatic features of the semantics of words and phraseological units related to the sphere ‘Engineering and Technology’ and developing figurative meanings. The material for the study includes words with the component “техно- ‘techno’” in modern Russian language and the associative semantic field of units in the “Concept for Technological Development of Russia until 2030”. The productivity of this word-formation model creates pragmatically marked language units that are semantically unrelated to the technical terminological system and characterize a person’s emotional and evaluative attitude towards technology and equipment. The author used both traditional methods of word-building and semantic analysis of lexical units and corpus and automated data processing methods. Basing on the text “The Concept of Technological Development of Russia until 2030”, the author shows the connection between the associative semantic field visually represented with a word cloud and the semantic field, demonstrates similarities and differences of the two fields. The associative-semantic field “Technology and technologies” broadens including collocations “technological sovereignty” and “technological leadership”, units reflecting the modernity. Synonymic, antonymic, and paronymic relations within the structure of the associative-semantic field under study are also analyzed. The broad combinability of the lexical units технологический (technological) and технологии (technology), which destructs the original semantics of the words, is described. The set expressions with the adjective технологический (technological) are characterized in a dynamic aspect. The technosphere vocabulary closely interacts with the lexicon of various fields of knowledge, having the strongest ties with the digital field. The study makes some predictions about the future development of technosphere vocabulary, which integrates into various areas of humanities and social sciences. The prospects for the research could be a systemic dictionary description of the technosphere vocabulary.
The research is carried out in line with the current anthropocentric trend in linguistics and studies active word-building processes in modern Russian language. The need to analyze the results of these processes, innovations in mass media texts, predetermines the relevance of this study. The aim of the study is to analyze modern media neologisms in linguocognitive, linguo-pragmatic, and sociocultural aspects. The research material consists of neologisms from the texts of printed and electronic Russian media, television and radio broadcasts of the last decade. The author used descriptive and classification methods, structural-semantic, word-building and contextual analysis. The research demonstrates sociocultural conditionality of productive word-building ways and models, identifies productive traditional and innovative ways of word-building based on proper names, characterizes the functional dynamics of word-building affixes of evaluative neologisms. Social conditionality of word-building innovations manifests itself in their word-building structure: in the semantics of word-building models, affixes and motivating stems characterizing modern social realities. Proper names as bases of derivational processes are of particular importance in socio-cultural and linguo-cognitive aspects. Word-building and contextual means of expressing evaluation in neologisms are characterized in the linguo-pragmatic aspect. The results obtained are important for derivatology, neology, pragmalinguistics, media linguistics, and lexicography.
The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing medicalization in modern Russian society caused by the following factors: the COVID-19 pandemic, the spread of “new ethics” and “new emotionality” concepts, and the growing popularity of psychotherapeutic services. The psychological terms entered everyday speech and communication, which gave rise to the phenomenon of психояз ‘therapy-speak’. The study is aimed at analyzing the linguistic nature of therapy-speak as a form of modern Russian language and speech medicalization. The research material includes data from the Russian National Corpus (subcorpus “Social Networks”), the Integrum electronic archive, and the lexicographic resource “New Words in Russian Vocabulary” (ILR RAS). The contexts of the analyzed units were extracted through word and collocation search combined with content analysis elements. The study employs traditional methods of semantic, component, contextual, lexicographic, and partially linguistic-cognitive analysis. The research shows the genesis and evolution of the term психояз ‘therapy-speak’ in the Russian language. The historical continuity of the phenomenon is revealed; the first wave of determinologized psychoanalytic lexis occurred in Russian in 1990s (комплекс ‘complex’, либидо ‘libido’, фрустрация ‘frustration’, нарциссизм ‘narcissism’, etc.). Therapy-speak is qualified as a traditional case of specialized lexis determinologization. The distinction between therapy-speak1 (incorrect use of psychological terms in everyday speech) and therapy-speak2 (metaphorical transfer of psychological terminology to phenomena unrelated to psychology) is introduced and substantiated for the first time. The author proves that “new ethics” is an important factor for psychological lexis actualization.
Historical consonant alternations in the Russian verbal paradigm (e.g., pustit - pušču) have lost their phonetic motivation, making it relevant to study their productivity in the adoption of new words. Given the active development of the lexicon, investigating how native speakers form the 1st person singular of new verbs allows us to assess the dynamics of the grammatical system. The aim of the study is to determine whether native Russian speakers preserve historical alternations in the paradigms of new verbs with the second conjugation type and to identify the strategies of making up new forms in situations of grammatical uncertainty. The material consisted of 21 new verbs (neologisms and jargonisms) with stems ending in m’, v’, p’, f’, t’, s’, st’, d’. A stimulus-based survey was conducted using Google Forms with 311 respondents regarding the 1st person singular form. It was followed by manual processing and codification of the answers, including the separation of phonetic and orthographic aspects of alternations. A hierarchy of alternation stability was established: it is highest for labial-stem verbs (spamlyu - 99%) and lowest for *-s’-* stems (flekshu - only 30% of responses). Within the same type of alternation, the frequency and familiarity of the verb (the latter identified through respondents’ comments) influence their productivity in forming the 1st person singular. We revealed high-frequency non-alternating forms, occasionalisms (e.g., freindlu, forschu); the use, in case of difficulty, of a form from a cognate verb whose paradigm lacks alternations (haypuyu instead of khayplyu from khaypit’); refusals to make up a form; periphrases. A divergence between spoken and written norms was found: speakers preserve alternations phonetically while graphically they standardize the stem (poschu instead of poshchu). Historical alternations in new verbs show declining productivity and compete with models of similar paradigm unification, remorphologization of 1st person markers, and derivational substitution. The process is determined by the stem type and verb frequency, and by the conflict between phonetic intuition and orthographic analyticity in the written form.
The research studies the renewal of evaluative vocabulary with slangisms spreading in the digital environment and for the first time provides a systematic description of new frequent markers of positive evaluation (имба (from imbalanced ‘the best’, кульно (from cool), сасно ‘attractively’). The aim of the study is to identify the mechanisms of grammatical, semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic adoption and competition of new markers of positive evaluation among themselves and with the original круто ‘cool’. The study material included data from the Russian National Corpus, examples from spontaneous speech and online communication, media metric studies, and slang dictionary entries. The material was processed with corpus methods of content analysis and discourse and semantic analysis. The research established that the slang units undergo a full cycle of grammatical adaptation and are semantically differentiated by emotional (aesthetic, hedonistic, and psychological) and rational (utilitarian and teleological) evaluations; reaching the peak in frequency, they lose expressiveness and elevate their stylistic register to the colloquial norm. We show that the competition between slang markers of positive evaluation is functional and semantic and is not driven solely by speech fashion, shifts in cultural codes, and subcultural sources of borrowing. For the first time, slang units are examined systematically; their word-formation potential and specialization by types of evaluation are analyzed; a dynamic model of generation change in evaluative slang is proposed. The author concludes that the renewal of evaluative vocabulary is subject to compensatory dynamics: new borrowings fill the niches after the previous markers lose their expressiveness. The prospects for the study are in analyzing their perception by people of different ages and social groups and in comparison with the negative evaluative and ambivalent slangisms of the 2020s.
