Ganoderma thailandicum (Polyporaceae), described in 2019, is a species in the medicinal mushroom genus Ganoderma. Its morphological characteristics are partially similar to the popular Chinese medicinal mushroom Lingzhi (species in the Ganoderma lucidum complex). To examine the potential as a new medicinal species, Ganoderma cf. thailandicum, strain CPN001, was artificially cultivated and the fruiting bodies were chemically investigated. Nine major chemical constituents of the CH2Cl2 extract, including ganomycin B (a meroterpene) and eight lanostane triterpenoids, were isolated and identified. Among the major constituents, ganomycin B showed significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay (IC50 7.5 mu M), while it was noncytotoxic to normal cells (Vero). The isolated yield of ganomycin B was calculated to be 1.9% of the CH2Cl2 extract and 0.060% of the dried mushroom material, higher compositions than those of other Ganoderma species.
To enhance the mechanical properties of coal gangue ceramsite (CGC) proppants, a technology combining epoxy resin (EP) coating with silane coupling agent KH-792 was employed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirms that while the epoxy resin forms a physical coating on the ceramsite surface, KH-792 participates in interfacial chemical reactions to construct a dense and rigid siloxane cross-linked network. Studies have shown that coal gangue proppants treated with silane coupling agent were greatly improved in terms of density, crushing rate, turbidity, and water absorption. The CGC proppants modified with a silane coupling agent display the best overall performance. Compared with the untreated CGC proppants, its bulk density falls from 1.56 g/cm3 to 1.43 g/cm3 and its apparent density from 2.61 g/cm3 to 2.43 g/cm3. Turbidity drops from 65.8 to 10.8 NTU, and 24-h water absorption decreases from 8.8% to 4.8%. Most importantly, the crushing ratio under 69 MPa declines from 3.04% to 2.46%. These improvements have broadened the application prospects of the coal gangue ceramsite proppants in the petroleum industry.
