Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se a produtividade do capim-paiaguas (Urochloa brizantha cv. Paiaguas) é suprimida em sistemas com múltiplas espécies forrageiras estabelecidas após a colheita da soja e, identificar se a espécie utilizada em pastagem mista melhora a massa de forragem total e a morfologia e composição bromatológica. Os tratamentos consistiram de diversidade de espécies: sem diversidade (capim-paiaguas em monocultivo), baixa diversidade (capim-paiaguas com Vigna unguiculata), média diversidade (capim-paiaguas com Vigna unguiculata e Guizotia abyssinica) e alta diversidade (capim-paiaguas com Vigna unguiculata, Fagopyrum esculentum, Raphanus sativus e Stylosanthes capitata e Stylosanthes macrocephala). As pastagens foram estabelecidas em março, em sucessão à soja, e avaliadas em junho. Não houve redução na massa de forragem com o aumento da diversidade, porém, houve redução na participação do capim-paiaguas na massa de forragem, sem alterar a composição morfológica. O aumento da diversidade de espécies reduziu os teores de cinzas e proteína bruta. Assim, o capim-paiaguas é suprimido devido ao aumento de espécies na pastagem mista, sem alteração da composição morfológica, mas com alteração da composição bromatológica.
The objectives of this study were: a) to determine the reference values (standards) macro levels and micronutri loved, useful to the assessment of the balance sheet at Kenworthy method b) to assess the nutritional status of soybean crops in the degree of balance and obtain the potential for response to fertilization for nutrients. The work was carried out based on a database of leaf nutrient content and grain yield of 763 soybean crops in Mato Grosso, Campo Novo dos Parecis region, covering different agricultural years, cultivars, soil textures and time of use area with soybean culture. Considering macronutrients, on average 69,7% of low productivity crops are in the normal class, while for micronutrients this percentage is lower, 60.9%. N is the most frequently found nutrient in crops (83,2%) while Cu (49,8%) is the least frequent in the normal class. 78.3% of the crops have an adequate nutritional balance. Mg, P and Ca in the group of macronutrients and Cu, Mn and Zn in terms of micronutrients are those for which there are greater expectations of gains in crop productivity in response to fertilization.
With the hypothesis that the use of rock dust is an economically viable alternative for supplementary fertilization in the soybean crop in the region of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), this study evaluated the use of rock dust in the soybean crop, taking into account the relationship between productivity and cost of production. The experiment was installed with the application of rock dust (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 Mg ha-1) in soybean cultivation. Productivity, production cost, and economic viability indicators were monitored and calculated. Results showed that the application of rock dust positively influenced the total revenue, as well as the gross margin and net margin of the treatments, allowing a higher rate of return on the producer's investments. With the application of doses greater than 2.5 Mg ha-1 of rock dust, a higher total revenue could be obtained, however, there was a lower value of gross margin, net margin, leveling price, and leveling point components. Therefore, conclude that the application of up to 2.5 Mg ha-1 is a viable alternative to increase soybean profitability in the region of Dourados/MS.
Goat farming has been present in Brazil since the colonial period, currently the Northeast has the largest contingent of these animals, where they are exploited to obtain meat, milk and leather. The objective of this work was to analyze the profile of goat farming in the municipality of Anajatuba, Maranhão (MA), highlighting the characteristics of the management of the creation and the preponderant socioeconomic aspects involving the activity. For this, eight goat farmers from four villages in the municipality of Anajatuba-MA were interviewed. A pre-structured questionnaire was used with data associated with the owner, property, herd, general management and commercialization of the products. Data were tabulated and presented as percentage averages. The results showed a production chain based on subsistence, with a prevalence of men with an average age of 46 years and low level of education, without planning and technological resources, prevalence of the extensive system of creation dedicated to meat exploitation, with deficient sanitary and reproductive management. There is an inefficiency in the complex that forms the dynamism of the goat production chain in the municipality of Anajatuba-MA.
Production of well-developed Pinus taeda L. seedlings is essential for satisfactory development of planted forests. Biostimulant compounds, such as pyroligneous extract, have shown great potential to improve plant growth of some agronomic crops, and therefore should be tested in forestry species as well. Hence, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of pyroligneous extract on P. taeda seedlings under nursery conditions. The experiment was carried out under completely randomized conditions, studying three concentrations of extract added to the substrate. Plant height and diameter were measured monthly, and data regarding plant biomass and development were collected after six months. Pyroligneous extract had no effect on seed germination. Plant height was improved in 12.5% only at 30 days after sowing with 2.5% extract added to the substrate. Fresh mass or volume of roots, as well as shoot mass, were not affected by pyroligneous extract. However, root dry mass was increased from 0.258g to 0.335g with 1.0% pyroligneous extract. Root production by Pinus taeda seedlings is significantly improved by adding 1.0% pyroligneous extract in the substrate before sowing. Therefore, addition of 1.0% pyroligneous extract to substrate is recommended to improve root development of Pinus taeda seedlings at nursery.
