This paper investigates Polish Nasal Assimilation from the perspective of Optimality Theory (OT), as documented by words such as [sɛmp] ‘vulture’ and [bɔŋk] ‘bumblebee’. It is argued that, contrary to standard assumptions, the directionality of assimilation is not determined by positional faithfulness constraints, but rather is controlled by general faithfulness constraints that require identity to place nodes and are crucially unidirectional. This new analysis of Polish is then tested against the data exhibiting interaction of Nasal Assimilation with Coronal Palatalization and with Yer Deletion. The former interaction is transparent and thus analyzable within standard OT, whereas the latter interaction is opaque and demonstrates that standard OT fails to deliver the correct results. The final section offers a reanalysis of the opaque data in terms of a version of OT that admits derivational levels.
According to modern descriptions of Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic), the ablative case ending is -minngaanii(t). There is no record of such an ending in the early documentation of the language from around the turn of the twentieth century. This brief contribution attempts to reconcile these two facts by proposing that the ablative in modern Tunumiisut is an innovation that resulted from the interaction of the noun and the demonstrative declensions which is facilitated by well-known mechanisms in the history of the Inuit-Yupik languages.
The aim of this article is to attempt to determine how many types of etymology can be distinguished and what relations exist between them. The final results are presented at the end of the article in the form of a table and a diagram.
Transcription texts of Turkish record a phonetic phenomenon rarely attested in other Turkish sources: word-initial consonant clusters in items of non-Western origin. Although Turkish regularly admits such clusters in Western loanwords, their occurrence in non-Western vocabulary is unexpected from a phonotactic perspective. Numerous examples of cluster-initial spellings appear in transcription texts from the 16th to 20th centuries. The aim of this study is to determine which of these forms reflect genuine phonetic developments and which are merely products of source-specific orthographic practices. While many items are written with initial clusters, only fourteen can be reliably interpreted as phonetic in origin. The remaining cases must be approached cautiously, as the orthographic conventions of certain authors – particularly Argenti, Ferraguto, and Molino – frequently obscure the underlying pronunciation.
In 2015, the European Society for Translation Studies proposed to establish a worldwide network of existing doctoral programmes in Translation Studies or doctoral programmes that included a Translation Studies component. The new network was named “The International Doctorate in Translation Studies” (ID-TS) http://www.idts-est.org. The first round of applicants submitted their documents for consideration in 2016, and the launch of the new network took place in Vienna the next year. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate how research competences may be acquired by students in doctoral programmes in Translation Studies within ID-TS by providing information about its chief aims and initiatives, admission criteria, application procedures and various activities and functions. ID-TS is recognized by the international community of translation scholars as a network that serves the purpose of enhancing international cooperation and building higher standards of programme content and delivery, curriculum assessment, research design, publication of research, and student mobility and placement at the third-cycle (PhD level) translator education.
