Medicinal herbs have historically been used to treat infections, and current research focuses on isolating active plant compounds because of increasing antibiotic resistance and side effects. This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of polyphenol-depleted oil and polyphenol-rich extracts obtained from the seeds of two Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) varieties, Ajwa and Breem. We tested their activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Enterococcus faecalis isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that most isolates (96%) were resistant to tetracycline, followed by ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (58%). Notably, resistance to critical last-line antibiotics such as imipenem was 10%; colistin, amikacin and moxifloxacin were 8%; and tigecycline was 4%, indicating that resistance remained relatively limited. Antibacterial efficacy of extracted oils of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) varieties Ajwa and Breem seeds was assessed using both the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and well diffusion assay. MIC results indicated strong inhibitory potential, ranging from 5 to 10 mg/ml. The well diffusion assay exhibited weaker activity, with inhibition zones reaching up to 13 mm. These results highlight the potential of date seed oil and its polyphenolic components as antimicrobial agents. The study shows that Phoenix dactylifera extracts have promising antimicrobial effects against MDR bacteria. To improve effectiveness, delivery methods such as nanoemulsions or carriers may be needed to enhance the oil’s dispersion and bioavailability.
This study presents a pioneering approach to a new type of diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta-type (DIRKT) method developed specifically for solving third-order ODEs of this type. ѵ'''=f(ȶ,ѵ,ѵ'). These methods are called RKTG and are constructed using B series and Tri-colored tree theories to derive the required order conditions. We derive two methods: DRKTG4 and DRKTG5. The first achieves fourth-order accuracy in three stages, while the second reaches fifth order in four stages. Among other things, numerical experiments show these methods are accurate and efficient for solving these problems compared with existing Runge-Kutta methods, which posed these problems as first-order systems for testing.
In this paper, we introduce the concept of measure with respect to a fuzzy p–field. We define fuzzy measurable spaces, triple fuzzy measurable spaces, countable additivity, null fuzzy sets, and outer measures within this framework. We establish several propositions to demonstrate the properties and relationships among these concepts. We also examine the behavior of fuzzy measurable functions across various fuzzy fields and explore how measurability is preserved or lost under specific mappings.
This study investigates the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts derived from wasp honey against eight multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial species. The tested isolates included Acinetobacter baumannii, Burkholderia cepacia, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis; antibiotic susceptibility showed that 96% of isolates were resistant to tetracycline, followed by Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin, each with 58% resistance. Notably, resistance to critical last-line antibiotics such as imipenem was 10%; colistin, amikacin and moxifloxacin were 8%; and tigecycline was 4%, indicating relatively limited resistance to these antibiotics. We used Soxhlet extraction to isolate phenolic chemicals: powder, Polyphenolic-rich oil, oil without polyphenols and polyphenol-only extracts, using ethanol as the solvent. We assessed antibacterial activity using both broth microdilution and well diffusion techniques. The microdilution assay revealed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 2.5 and 10 mg/mL, indicating modest antibacterial efficacy against all examined multidrug-resistant organisms. A concentration of just 1.25 mg/mL demonstrated inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, underscoring the extract's efficacy at reduced dosages. In the well diffusion assay, inhibitory zones ranged from 8 mm to 19 mm, with the largest zone against Streptococcus agalactiae (19 mm). The results show that wasp honey extracts are effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with similar potency. This is the first study in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq, to identify and highlight the efficacy of wasp honey extracts as an innovative natural antibacterial agent.
In this article, we utilize -Dickson polynomials to improve a method for spectral collocation that is used to numerically solve mixed classical and fractional-order integro-differential equations of the Fredholm type with variable coefficients under boundary conditions (IFDEs-CF) in the Caputo sense. The approximate solutions are assumed in the form of the truncated Dickson polynomial series. This innovative method transforms the equation with conditions into a linear algebraic system for the unknown Dickson coefficients using a matrix technique. Solving this system determines the coefficients of the assumed solution. We ultimately analyze the results with respect to the α parameter in the Dickson polynomials. The behavior of the solutions is monitored in terms of the -Dickson coefficients depending on different inputs of . . This approach is computationally attractive, and we provide illustrative examples with usage explanations. Additionally, we provide specific examples to demonstrate the method's accuracy, and we use least-squares error minimization to reduce error terms within the given domain. Finally, we develop the most common application of numerical approaches in a Python program.
