Renewable energy is currently a great alternative for humans in many applications such as industrial production, heating, and transportation.One of the fastest developing technologies nowadays is electric vehicles, small-size mobile robots powered by renewable energy.This study presented the design, optimization, and implementation of a prototype of a solar-powered mobile robot (SMR) applied for transportation.The SMR was optimized by multi-constraints such as small dimension, small weight, and low power consumption.In the scope of green energy collection, the SMR is capable of fast charging time and high energy storage capability by the use of arrays of supercapacitors which are the current trend in robotics power management.The SMR was powered purely by solar energy and controlled via Wi-Fi protocol using a low-powered consumption IoT solution.The SMR had been tested for carrying a weight of 4.1 kg and traveled a 10-meter path in each testing cycle.Within 15 minutes, the SMR had completed 26 cycles with a total distance of 260 meters and the total transported weight was 103 kilograms which was nearly 50 times larger than the weight of itself.The SMR has shown a high potential to be applied in many fields such as food delivery, package transportation in warehouses, infrastructure buildings, and agriculture.
Today, microchannels are widely used in various fields, leading to the need for different and new requirements for microchannels during practical applications in terms of operating conditions, working fluids, and structure.Micro-channels exhibit remarkable heat transfer properties, enabling them to efficiently dissipate extremely high heat fluxes within confined spaces.The generation of large quantities of heat within a compact area in optical and electronic devices has led to advancements in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).Microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) have been introduced to absorb high heat fluxes, which enables these devices to perform properly.This study aims to examine how an advanced ultra-high-temperature ceramic material, Hafnium diboride (HfB2), responds to normal heat flux conditions.The finite element approach was used to solve the governing equations for the solid (HfB2) and liquid (water) domains.The primary factors contributing to the elevated rate of heat transfer are that HfB2 is a good thermal conductor and that each microchannel volume has a large amount of heat transfer surface area.HfB2 exhibits intriguing thermal characteristics and possesses high-strength properties as an ultrahigh-temperature ceramic.The numerical analysis of a microchannel heat sink with extremely high heat flux, constructed using HfB2, is conducted using the finite element method.At the exceptionally high heat flux of 3.6 MW/m 2 , the maximum temperature of the wall was determined to be 360 K.
The advances of additive manufacturing by a 3D printing method such as complex geometry building, time-consuming, worker labor, and materials cost, support this new type of construction method to become promising for future applications.This study presents the development of a customized and large-size concrete 3D printer with low cost, ease of operation, and scalable design.The 3D printer gantry-type structure was designed with a dimension of 2,580 x 3,600 x 2,800 (mm) and driven by high-precision AC motors in three independent X, Y, and Z axes.A customized feeding-extrusion system was designed for either automatic or manual material feeding continuously and automatically.The low-cost concrete mixture was used with the use of by-products from a local thermal power plant which allows to reduce the material cost.After a number of experimental trials, an optimized set of parameters has been established such that a printing cycle of 25 layers was printed consecutively at a single run.Several concrete-based construction patterns have been printed and applied in practice.The results can be applied in many aspects of civil construction and produce affordable buildings worldwide.
