The article presents a comprehensive analysis of B. B. Tangiev’s 98 monograph, which summarizes the author’s thirty years of research in the formation of an ecocriminological multimodal concept for training specialists in the field of environmental safety. The relevance of the work is due to the acute shortage of personnel in the context of digital transformation of environmental activities and the implementation of national projects, including the creation of the Federal State Information System “Environmental Monitoring”. The purpose of the article is to reveal the scientific novelty, methodological depth and practical value of the author’s concept, which positions ecocriminology as a transdisciplinary and multimodal scientific direction. The methodological basis was formed by systemic, comparative legal and historical-chronological methods, which made it possible to trace the evolution of the scientist’s ideas. The main results: it is substantiated that the monograph for the first time in domestic and world science offers a holistic architecture for training “new generation” personnel, integrating modules of ecocriminology, ecocriminalistics, ecodeviantology and ecovictimology. The unique author’s tools are identified and analyzed - geoinformation ecocriminological systems (GIEC), automated monitoring systems (ASECM), systems for managing and preventing ecocriminogenic risks (SUPEKR), which have found practical application in the emerging Federal State Information System “Environmental Monitoring”- (Ecological Monitoring Federal State Information System). The theoretical significance lies in the completion of the formation of a new scientific paradigm, the enrichment of the conceptual apparatus of criminology and pedagogy. The practical significance is confirmed by the implementation of developments in the educational process and law enforcement practice, which is reflected in numerous implementation acts and positive reviews from leading scientists. It is concluded that the monograph is a fundamental work of strategic importance for ensuring national environmental security and the development of higher education.
The widespread prevalence of remote (“phone”) fraud has confronted the Russian judicial system with acute legal questions extending beyond traditional forensic-psychiatric issues. Losses from IT-related crimes in 2024 exceeded RUB350 billion, with a substantial share of victims seeking to challenge completed transactions through civil litigation. This study provides a systematic legal analysis of the grounds for invalidation of transactions under Articles 177, 178, and 179 of the Russian Civil Code (RCC), the criteria for “helpless state” used in criminal-law, and the standards for admissibility of comprehensive forensic psychological-psychiatric expert opinions (CFSPPE). The methods include dogmatic-legal analysis, casuistic analysis of Supreme Court Ruling No. 5-KG25-174-K2 of 16 December 2025, comparative legal analysis (Germany, UK, USA), content analysis of 173 forensic expert opinions (2020-2025), and an expert survey. The Supreme Court ruling effectively forecloses the application of Article 178 of RCC to transactions with good-faith counterparties. Article 177 of RCC is identified as the only viable civil-law remedy, but it requires rigorous expert substantiation. A systemic procedural flaw is identified: criminal-proceeding expert opinions lack admissibility in civil proceedings due to subject-matter mismatch. The expert variability coefficient (CV) equals 0.31, which indicates a standardisation crisis. A “principle of expert specificity” is proposed, and it requires a strict alignment between the subject of expert examination, the procedural status of the examinee, and the applicable substantive legal norm.
The subject. Neurotechnologies, including neurointerfaces and neuroimaging systems, pose many potential threats related to ethical, social and technical risks. These technologies interact directly with the brain, which makes their users extremely vulnerable from a security point of view. The aim of the article is to prove or disprove the hypothesis that, in the context of criminal law, the use of neural interfaces allows us to see inconsistencies related to two key elements necessary for criminal prosecution: the subjective side of the crime (intent/guilt) and the objective side (actions). Methodology. The article provides an extensive study of neurophysiological studies demonstrating the relationship between structural and functional disorders of the brain and criminal behavior. Based on the classification method, a systematic classification of neural data was carried out, and their distinctive characteristics were determined in comparison with other types of personal data. Based on modeling scenarios for exploiting vulnerabilities in neural systems, analysis of theoretical models of computer attacks on neural interfaces was carried out. Main result. Analysis of modeling scenarios to exploit vulnerabilities in these systems, and experiments confirm the possibility of controlling cognitive processes in users of a neural interface. This allows us to conclude that a system is needed to ensure information security for users of neural interfaces. Despite the fact that some states have already passed laws regulating neural interfaces, there are no clear methods for checking and punishing violations using neurotechnology. Furthermore, state security is formed by legal, organizational, and technical methods of regulation, but technical standards for protecting neural data have not yet been developed. Given that neural data is unique, as it includes all types of personal information, it is essential to establish absolute requirements for securing neural devices. An analysis of methods for implementing neural threats has shown that unauthorized control over cognitive processes in users of neural interfaces can be considered a way to commit neural crimes. It has been concluded that in the event of exploitation of neural interface vulnerabilities, the principle of responsibility should be reconsidered from the perspective of external human control because, in this case, one’s thoughts become the other’s actions. Neurophysiological studies have revealed a link between damage to specific areas of the brain and criminal behavior, raising the question of whether it is possible to remotely influence these areas to commit crimes. In the context of criminal law, the use of neural interfaces allows us to see inconsistencies related to two key elements necessary for criminal prosecution: the subjective aspect of crime (intent/guilt) and the objective aspect (acts). It is the principles of assessing criminal acts and guarantees of freedom of thought that exclude the classification of thoughts as crimes in most legal systems. Law traditionally does not criminalize thoughts because it is impossible to effectively and fairly prove internal intent without external signs of action. However, this concept has gained new dimensions with the development of neurotechnology and neuroscience, which theoretically proves the ability to control thoughts and intentions. As a result, a new field of study is emerging - neurocriminology.
This article examines the evolution of Japanese legislation aimed at combating illegal hazardous waste disposal. It cites the most high-profile cases that have influenced both legislation and enforcement. It notes that over the past twenty years, measures taken in Japan’s waste management system have significantly tightened regulations. Meanwhile, current mechanisms for combating the illegal handling of hazardous waste are not considered sufficiently effective, and the reasons for this are discussed in this article. The article examines the specifics of ensuring the rights of individuals affected by illegal actions in the area of hazardous waste management. Court cases involving mass illnesses resulting from environmental pollution are examined, and their impact on changing approaches to civil and administrative liability is analyzed in terms of ensuring the rights of victims of such acts. An assessment is made of the effectiveness of criminal enforcement policies, which prioritize lenient penalties for violators; the impact of a decentralized waste management system on the system for combating acts related to the illegal disposal of hazardous waste; and the risks of introducing an administrative system of compensation for victims of environmental pollution as a substitute for judicial proceedings. It is concluded that Japan prioritizes preventative measures in resolving environmental conflicts. However, the country has underutilized its response capabilities, which reduces the effectiveness of combating systematic violations in waste management. One of Japan’s most significant achievements in combating violations of hazardous waste management regulations is the development of a fairly effective compensation system for victims.
This article examines media-induced secondary victimisation as a complex phenomenon situated at the intersection of victimology, human rights law, media ethics, and digital communication. The central argument of the article is that media reporting on violence, particularly in cases of femicide, sexual violence, domestic violence, and violence against children, may reproduce harm when it discloses victims’ identities, publishes private details, relies on sensationalist framing, or shifts attention from the perpetrator’s responsibility to the victim’s behaviour, personality, or private life. The article focuses on Bosnia and Herzegovina, while also situating the problem within broader regional and international standards. The research is based on a qualitative, normative-doctrinal, and discourse-analytical approach. It analyses patterns of harmful media reporting, relevant international human rights standards, domestic legal mechanisms, professional codes of journalism, and the specific risks created by digital media and social networks. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between freedom of expression and the protection of victims’ privacy, dignity, psychological integrity, and safety. The article argues that Bosnia and Herzegovina does not suffer from a complete absence of normative standards, but rather from their fragmented and inconsistent implementation. Although constitutional, international, statutory, criminal-law, regulatory, and self-regulatory mechanisms provide a basis for victim protection, their practical application remains weak. The article concludes that preventing secondary victimisation requires a rights-based and victim-sensitive model of media responsibility. This includes stronger enforcement of existing legal standards, improved self-regulation and regulatory oversight, trauma-informed journalism, effective content-removal mechanisms, and better cooperation between journalists, courts, prosecutors, regulators, and victim-support services. Media freedom remains essential in a democratic society, but it must be exercised in a manner that informs the public without exposing victims to renewed trauma, humiliation, or public condemnation.
