China has a large number of patients but a low rate of medical advice-seeking in oral diseases, leading to difficulties in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. This situation calls for basic oral health examinations, which would increase the public awareness of oral health and fundamentally enhance the effectiveness of comprehensive prevention and control of oral diseases. As a risk-driven primary care service, oral health examination achieves early war-ning, comorbidity management, and resource optimization through standardized protocols. This program enables the early detection and diagnosis of oral diseases, facilitating timely intervention and improving the oral health status of the public. To standardize the flowchart of oral health examinations and ensure the technical results of the examinations conducted by different examination institutions, this study forms an expert consensus on the technical specification of routine oral health examinations for adults. This consensus, which includes oral examination items, oral examination elements, management of abnormal results and follow-up dental cares, provides standardized guidelines for dentists and dental medical institutions, the keystones in the development of prevention and control network for oral diseases, to conduct routine oral health examinations.
OBJECTIVES:To explore whether the difference in mandibular motor function related to the lateral pterygoid muscle is associated with pain and clicking in the temporomandibular joint based on clinical data. METHODS:Outpatient data from January 2022 to August 2025 were collected, and the basic information, joint symptoms, and diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular joint disorder (DC/TMD) of the patients were statistically analyzed. Patients were grouped according to their chief symptoms, and the chi-square test was used to explore whether the chief symptoms were correlated with age and gender. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine whether there were differences in lateral movement ability between different genders, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to examine whether there were differences in lateral movement ability between different age groups. Patients were grouped according to whether they had pain, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine whether pain was correlated with lateral movement ability. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to further explore the degree of correlation between joint pain and lateral movement imbalance. Patients were grouped according to different painful sides and relatively restricted sides, and the chi-square test was used to explore the correlation between the two. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to further explore the interaction between painful side and relatively restricted side. RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference between the patient's age, gender, and main symptoms or lateral mobility; there was a statistical difference between the difference in lateral mobility and joint pain; there was a statistical difference between gender and mandibular protrusion ability; relative limitation on one side was a significant predictor of unilateral joint pain, but there was no specific side-specific combination association between the two; there was no statistical correlation between age, gender, and relative limitation on one side and bilateral joint pain. CONCLUSIONS:Abnormal lateral movement has clinical significance in the early diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorder. The gender-specific incidence of temporomandibular joint disorder may be related to the difference in forward movement ability. The bilateral muscle imbalance reflected by lateral movement imbalance should be taken seriously as a risk factor for joint pain.
OBJECTIVES:This study constructed bone morphogenetic protein 2-loaded polydopamine heparin nanoparticles (B@PH NPs) and vanillin methacrylate (VMA)-grafted GelMA hydrogel microspheres (B@PH/GM-V) and evaluated their physicochemical properties and regulatory effects on osteogenic differentiation under oxidative stress. METHODS:B@PH NPs were prepared through oxidative self-polymerization, and B@PH/GM-V microspheres were fabricated via microfluidic technology. The materials were characterized by using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Swelling, degradation, and drug release behaviors were evaluated. Biocompatibility was assessed through the CCK-8 assay and live/dead staining by using MC3T3-E1 cells. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probes, and osteogenic differentiation capacity was evaluated through alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red S staining. RESULTS:The average diameters of B@PH NPs and B@PH/GM-V microspheres were approximately 288.2 nm and 499.1 μm, respectively. FTIR and EDS confirmed successful modification with heparin and VMA. B@PH NPs showed favorable sustained release performance. B@PH/GM-V exhibited good biocompatibility, significantly reduced the ROS levels induced by lipopolysaccharide and H2O2, and promoted the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS:B@PH/GM-V hydrogel microspheres possess good biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and osteogenic effects, showing promising potential for periodontitis-related alveolar bone regeneration.
OBJECTIVES:This study aims to compare the performance of different large language models (LLMs) in pre-exam learning for the Chinese dental licensing examination, with a focus on evaluating their differences in answering, explanation, and teaching effectiveness, to provide a reference for the application of LLMs in dental education. METHODS:Three evaluation scenarios were designed: selecting correct answers, providing answer explanations, and adversarial testing. DeepSeek-R1, Qwen 2.5-MAX, Doubao 1.5 Pro, Xinghuo Spark-X1, ERNIE 4.0 Turbo, GPT-4o, and Huaxi Zhilian were selected for comparative testing. Evaluation metrics included accuracy, net accuracy, and pedagogical effectiveness. RESULTS:In the scenario of selecting correct answers, all LLMs exceeded the passing threshold, with Huaxi Zhilian achieving the highest accuracy (84%). In the answer explanation scenario, Huaxi Zhilian demonstra-ted the highest net accuracy (92%), followed by DeepSeek-R1 (89%), among models. Regarding pedagogical effectiveness, Huaxi Zhilian ranked highest in relevance, practicality, and clarity, whereas GPT-4o led in conciseness, among the investigated LLMs. In adversarial testing, Huaxi Zhilian and DeepSeek-R1 exhibited the smallest declines in accuracy and net accuracy, respectively, among the tested models. CONCLUSIONS:In pre-exam learning for the Chinese dental licensing examination, knowledge-enhanced LLMs specifically optimized for dentistry (e.g., Huaxi Zhilian) outperform reasoning LLMs pretrained on general Chinese corpora (e.g., DeepSeek-R1) and those primarily trained on English corpora (e.g., GPT-4o). However, the performance of all models declines under adversarial conditions. Future research should focus on addressing identified weaknesses to enhance the utility of LLMs in dental education further.
OBJECTIVES:To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) in a specialized stomatology hospital and thus provide references for clinical rational drug use and risk management. METHODS:A total of 403 ADR cases reported to the military ADR monitoring system by the School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University from January 2022 to December 2025 were collected. Descriptive statistical and Pareto chart analyses were conducted by using Excel 2019. RESULTS:ADR reports were predominantly submitted by pharmacists (91.32%). The proportion of male patients was slightly higher than that of females (53.35% vs. 46.65%). Patients aged 41-60 years accounted for the highest proportion (37.72%) of cases. Intravenous administration was the most common route (60.79%). The main drug categories causing ADR were anti-infective (31.02%), antineoplastic (28.78%), and immune system (18.36%) agents. ADR primarily involved the digestive system (32.75%), skin, and appendages (29.53%). Three new ADR cases and 10 severe ADR cases, with all cases involving multiple drug categories, were reported. CONCLUSIONS:ADR in specialized stomatology hospitals exhibit certain specialty-specific characteristics, and high-risk drugs predominate. Although the incidence of severe ADR is low, enhanced monitoring is still required. Establishing an ADR early warning system for stomatology hospitals, promoting multidisciplinary collaboration, and improving clinical medication safety are recommended.
