American AnthropologistVolume 58, Issue 6 p. 1079-1089 Free Access Ecologic Relationships of Ethnic Groups in Swat, North Pakistan FREDRIK BARTH, FREDRIK BARTH Cambridge UninersitySearch for more papers by this author FREDRIK BARTH, FREDRIK BARTH Cambridge UninersitySearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1956 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1956.58.6.02a00080Citations: 133AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume58, Issue6December 1956Pages 1079-1089 ReferencesRelatedInformation
To reveal the relationship between millet-based agriculture and new productivity factors (cattle and sheep husbandry) on the northwest edge of the Loess Plateau during c. 4000 a BP and explore the motivation of social complexity development, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of human (n = 3) and faunal (n = 53) bones from the Bicun site, Xing county, Shanxi, China, were undertaken. The results show that some humans (-7.3%0, 8.8%0, n = 1), pigs (-7.9 +/- 1.7%0, 5.9 +/- 0.7%0, n = 15), and dogs (-7.8 +/- 0.3%0, 7.5 +/- 0.4%0, n = 2) mainly lived on millet-based food, while other humans (-13.4 +/- 0.2%0, 6.7 +/- 1.0%0, n = 2), cattle (-13.9 +/- 1.3%0, 5.6 +/- 0.6%0, n = 11), and sheep (-16.0 +/- 1.1%0, 5.3 +/- 0.7%0, n = 15) lived on C-3/C-4 mixed food. Cattle and sheep not only grazed in wild ecosystems but also ate millet and its byproducts as fodder. Many deep gullies and ravines on the northwest edge of the Loess Plateau are not suitable for the development of millet agriculture but are the ideal pasture for herding cattle and sheep, which undoubtedly promoted material productivity. Instead of encroaching on the development of pig feeding, cattle and sheep husbandry made the utilization of millet-based food more effective. However, wheat and barley did not affect the diets of humans and animals. A new economic mode with millet-based agriculture and new productivity elements provides a solid material foundation for the great development of archaeological cultures and social complexity on the northwest edge of the Loess Plateau during c. 4000 a BP.
作为广义泥河湾盆地的重要组成部分,怀来盆地也是更新世期间古人类迁徙扩散以及技术发展和演变的重要地区.新近发现和发掘的西沟湾 1 号旧石器地点埋藏于永定河右岸第二级阶地后缘,是怀来盆地内一处重要的旧石器时代晚期地点,2015 年的试掘工作揭露面积约27m2,出土 232 件石质标本和 19 件动物化石.本文以西沟湾 1 号地点的石制品材料为基础,主要从原料开发利用策略和石核剥片策略两个方面进行石制品的分析.西沟湾 1 号地点的原料主要为火山岩类的粗面岩,对比分析显示其主要来自阶地底部的砂砾石层中;石核类型、剥片面的数量以及台面角的统计均显示出较高的石核原料利用率.石核和石片的相关特征以及石锤的发现均显示该地点古人类采用硬锤锤击法进行剥片,石核剥片多采用无特定规律的转向方式,无剥片前的预制过程;石片形态多不规则,以宽薄型为主,石片类型和背疤特征均显示剥片的连续性.石制品的类型和技术特征显示其总体属于简单石核-石片技术体系.
本文通过对山西榆次宣乘寺正殿现状调查与记录,结合手工测量、考古试掘与三维激光扫描等手段,对建筑地面、斗栱、大木构架等部位的历史营缮痕迹进行整理分析,推测考据宣乘寺正殿的建筑形制,为宣乘寺正殿的修复设计提供参考,同时也为晋中地区北宋建筑的研究提供实物例证.
太原唐代郭行墓东壁两幅树下人物屏风,构成了一个完整的画面.画面中"破碎的陶罐"是解读其内容的关键线索,这应是孟敏"堕甑不顾"的故事.此故事之所以被画在太原唐墓屏风中,既与孟敏洒脱大度,属于高士一类人物有关,也可能是此事发生在太原,为当地人所熟知的缘故.
