The given article is dedicated to the study of occurrence, characteristics and drug resistance trends among patients with TB relapses in Ryazan region. We have shown a tendency to MDR and simultaneous drug resistance share increase in the ratio to the three antituberculous preparations of the 1st line, as well as a tendency to monoresistance share decrease at the relapse time as compared with the moment of the initial disease detection. It has been found out that the period before drug-resistant TB relapse emerging is with certainty shorter than that before the relapse uprise of the TB generated by the drug-sensitive mycobacteria tuberculosis.