The present brief review examines the interrelationships between social factors and children’s as well as adolescents’ mental health by looking mostly at the real social and material conditions of their development. The review stems from the sociological theories of social capital (Coleman, 1988), of social disorganization (Sampson & Laub, 1994), and from psycho-social theories of family strain model (Conger & Elder, 1994), and of the psychological sense of community (McMillan & Chavis, 1986). international empirical evidence is presented concerning with the fields of primary and secondary socialization of children and adolescents. This evidence shows that the stable material wellness, intimate and community social bonds, the sense of place together with the sense of psychological community constitute critical factors and processes that influence strongly the social and psychological health of children and adolescents.
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