The purification of multicomponent galvanic effluents with the help of the electrospark method using metal loadings (Fe, Al) and low-voltage (up to 1000 V) equipment has been studied. It is shown that the degree of cleaning depends on the specific energy of processing, the height of metal loading of the reactor, and, to a lesser extent, on the pulse energy and the speed of its input into the liquid under treatment. The concentrations of heavy metals (Ni2+, Zn2+, Cr6+ + Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe (Σ)) in the treated water are significantly lower than their maximal permissible concentration values regulated by the developed countries.

The effect of the processes of the electrodischarge treatment of organic fluids and appearing gases onto carbon nanomaterials (CNM) and hydrogen has been experimentally studied. It is shown that the three-stage treatment of organic fluids and appearing gases in a flowing mode allows for the increase the efficiency of raw material processing and for obtaining various CNM with different electrophysical properties depending on the type of the raw material and catalysts used.

The effect of the processes of the electrodischarge treatment of organic liquids and the generated gases on carbon nanomaterials (CNM) and hydrogen has been experimentally studied. It is shown that the three-stage treatment of organic liquids and the generated gases in a flow mode allows the increase of the efficiency of the raw material processing and obtaining various CNM with different electrophysical properties depending on the type of the raw material and catalysts used.

The paper deals with an experimental investigation of the dependence of output powder-like products in the process of continuous electrodischarge synthesis of carbon nanomaterials and pyrolytic treatment of concomitant gas mixtures on the structure and properties of raw materials – liquid organic compounds – alcohols, acyclic and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons.

It was studied experimentally how the yield of the powder products in the process of continuous electrodischarge synthesis of carbon nanomaterials and the pyrolytic treatment of the concomitant gas mixtures depends on the structure and properties of the raw materials. Liquid organic substances-alcohols and acyclic and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons-were used as the raw materials.

A continuous and nonwaste process is proposed, which consists of a set of simultaneous operations on electrical discharge treatment of the carbon liquid in the reactors. The liquid is exposed to high temperatures and pressures generated by the discharge plasma, selection and separation of the processed substance in the filter or centrifugal separation device. Then follows recirculation of the purified material in the closed hydraulic system. The manufactured product, depending on the method used for selection and separation, is a thick, pasty mass, or a dry powder mixture containing various modifications of carbon fullerenes, nanotubes and nanodiamonds in the amount of up to 10% of the total weight. The prototype of the electrical equipment has been buit to provide the processing performance from 0.02 to 1.5 kg/hour. It has the maximum installed power of 5 kWA, and its specific energy consumption ranges from 0.1 to 10 MJ/ kg. The pulsed power source with microprocessor control has been designed for industrial applications. It allows achieving the maximum pulse repetition rate value of 200 Hz, which is limited by the time of the medium relaxation and dielectric strength restoration in the discharge gap. This ensures flexible regulation and a shift in the corresponding processing performance of the single-reactor systems in the range from 0.4 to 30 kg/hour. This technology is complemented with the developed method for enrichment of the produced ultrafine powder. It consists in the original sequence of physical and chemical methods (magnetic separation, acid treatment, chromatographic purification, etc.) and can increase the target selectivity of the processed products.

A continuous and nonwaste process is proposed that consists of a set of simultaneous operations concerning the electrodischarge treatment of carbon liquid in reactors through exposure to high temperatures and pressures generated by a plasma discharge channel, the selection and separation of the processed sub-stance in filtering or centrifugal separating devices, and the recirculation of the purified material in a closed hydraulic system. The product, depending on the method used for the selection and separation, is a thick pasty mass or a dry powder mixture containing various modifications of carbon: fullerenes, nanotubes, and nanodiamonds (up to 10% of the total weight). A prototype of the electric equipment has been built to provide processing performance of from 0.02 to 1.5 kg/hour. It has a maximum installed capacity of 5 kV A, and the specific energy consumption ranges from 0.1 to 10 MJ/kg. The surge-current generator with microprocessor control was designed for industrial applications. It allows achieving the maximum discharge pulse recurrence frequency of 200 Hz, which is limited by the time of the medium’s relaxation and the dielectric strength’s restoration in the discharge gap. This ensures the versatile regulation and a shift in the corresponding processing performance of the single-reactor systems in the range from 0.4 to 30 kg/hour. This technology is complemented with the developed method for the enrichment of the produced ultrafine powder. It consists of an original sequence of physical and chemical methods (magnetic separation, acid treatment, chromatographic purification, etc.) and can increase the targeted selectivity of the processed products.

The processes of electrodischarge destruction of liquid hydrocarbons to produce carbon nanomaterials have been studied. It has been shown that the product yield increases with the growth of the carbon chain length of the initial hydrocarbon. It has been established that, in the course of the treatment, both solid carbon nanomaterials and gas products are formed. The gas products consist of hydrogen and low molecular weight alkanes. It is shown that the hydrocarbon destruction process is accompanied by the change of the carbon atom hybridization, thus influencing the qualitative composition of the carbon nanomaterials.