The ultrafine and highly dispersed bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoparticles are successfully anchored on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). The MSN@Pt-Pd catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the hydrogen from ammonia borane (AB). When the MSN@Pt-Pd nanoparticles were grafted with luminescent material and smart thermo-responsive polymer, a smart catalyst could be fabricated. The smart catalyst exhibits the thermo-responsive catalytic performance and switchable luminescence. For example, the composite catalyst displays high catalytic activity in hydrolysis of AB at 25 & DEG;C. However, it shows much lower catalytic activity when the temperature increases to 35 & DEG;C. The smart catalysts could be potentially applied in the self-protection device of dehydrogenation. When the system of dehydrogenation is under high temperature environment, the smart composite catalyst could automatically restrain the production of H2 for the purpose of safety.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A smart catalyst was fabricated by combining ordered mesoporous silica, Pt nanoparticles with ultra-small size (< 2 nm), decatungstoeuropate and thermo-responsive polymer. Due to the coating of thermo-sensitive polymer and loading of Pt nanoparticles, the catalyst shows the thermo-controlled catalytic activity in the release of hydrogen from ammonia borane. For example, the catalyst has high catalytic activity at room temperature, showing catalytic "on" state. However, the hydrogen generation can be obviously suppressed at high temperature, showing catalytic "off" state. Furthermore, the composite hydrogel shows the switchable red luminescence in solution at high/low temperatures, which offers the possibility to track catalyst and understand catalytic mechanism. The thermo-controllable system of hydrogen generation has great potential applications in the safe hydrolysis from chemical hydride fuel. The smart catalyst could automatically decrease the release of hydrogen when the temperature of fuel system is high. (c) 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In this paper, the luminescent temperature/pH dual-responsive nanoparticles based on lanthanide-polyoxometalates were fabricated as a controllable drug delivery system. In the drug delivery carrier, the mesoporous silica acted as the core, and the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) and lanthanide-polyoxometalates served as the dual-responsive shell and luminescent labeling, respectively. Composite hydrogels exhibited red luminescence under UV irradiation, which was visible to the naked eye. The releases of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) from the composites were temperature/pH-dependent. DOX can be quickly released in an acidic environment and at high temperatures. Moreover, the drug delivery carrier showed minimal toxicity to HeLa cells and exhibited good biocompatibility. However, DOX loaded drug-delivery system showed the significant toxicity to HeLa cancer cells in vitro. Cell imaging has shown that lanthanide polyoxometalates composites can be used as bioimaging materials for cell monitoring. As a result, the drug delivery systems based on lanthanide-polyoxometalates have potential applications in the field of biomedical science.

In this paper, a luminescent and thermo-responsive catalyst based on SiO2 @Pt@PABI-Tb@PNIPAM was prepared by incorporating Pt nanoparticles, luminescent material and mesoporous silica with thermo-responsive polymer. The obtained catalyst was characterized by IR, TGA, UV-vis, SEM, TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and luminescence. The hybrid catalyst exhibits "on-off" green luminescence in solution under UV irradiation, which could be observed by eyes. The catalytic results indicate that the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) catalyzed by SiO2@Pt@PABI-Tb@PNIPAM is thermo-controllable and switchable. The SiO2@Pt@ PABI-Tb@PNIPAM shows high catalytic activity for the generation of hydrogen at room temperature. However, it exhibits much lower catalytic activity at high temperature. The catalysts exhibit excellent durability because the support and polymer could prevent the aggregation and leaching of Pt nanoparticles during catalysis. The catalytic research offers a new approach to the thermo-controllable application in the generation of hydrogen from AB.

A luminescent and dual-stimuli-responsive nanocomposite based on mesoporous silica, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-chitosan and decatungstoeuropate was prepared. To fabricate the nanocomposite, the mesoporous silica nanoparticles were coated with thermo/pH dual-responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-chitosan and the luminescent decatungstoeuropate particles were grafted onto copolymers. The designed nanocarrier could show exhibit good red luminescence as well as obvious thermo/pH stimuli-responsive properties, which could be employed as a drug storage reservoir for the loading and release of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The research indicated that the releases of DOX were thermo/pH dependent and high temperatures/acidic conditions were favorable for the fast release of drug. In vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed that the drug delivery carrier displayed excellent biocompatible and the composites loaded with DOX showed significant suppression effect on HeLa cells. Luminescence spectra showed that the composite containing decatungstoeuropate displayed fine red luminescence at various temperatures and pH values, which could be utilized as a potential labeling material in field of medicine.

Thermo/pH dual-responsive luminescent composites consisting of lanthanide-polyoxometalates and Poly (Nisopropylacrylamide)/Chitosan were synthesized. The dual-responsive nanoparticles are characterized by the FT-IR, UV-vis, TEM, SEM, TGA, DLS and luminescence. The prepared composites exhibit the thermo/pH-responsive properties and the controllable and switchable luminescence in solution in response to the simple changes in temperature and pH values. For instance, the composite hydrogels exhibit intense red luminescence under UV irradiation below 34 degrees C, and the luminescence become much weaker in solution above 34 degrees C. Moreover, the hydrogel could not show red luminescence in the buffer solution with low pH value. However, it shows bright red luminescence in neutral and alkaline buffer solution. The possible reasons for controllable luminescence are discussed in the research. The results suggest that the multifunctional nanoparticles could be potentially used in biomedical fields such as luminescent switches, biological labeling and imaging.

Magnetic and temperature-responsive luminescent composites based on poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), magnetic nanoparticles and Na-9[EuW10O36] were fabricated. The composites were investigated by IR, UV, XRD, TGA, SEM and TEM. The prepared nanocomposites exhibit good superparamagnetic property and thermo-responsive switchable luminescence properties. The multifunctional nanocomposites can be separated by external magnetic held. Moreover, the nanocomposites exhibit an appreciable temperature response, and the red luminescence of the nanocomposites in solution can be controlled by the temperature stimuli. The hydrogel emits strong red luminescence in solution at 25 degrees C, which can be seen by naked eyes. When the external temperature is 40 degrees C, the red luminescence almost disappears in solution. It is expected that the multifunctional nanoparticles have potential applications in the held of biomedicine. (C) 2018 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A method was developed for the preparation of temperature-responsive multifunctional nanoreactor by coating the poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) on the external surface of silicallanthanide-POMs/Au spheres. The nanoreactor showed the repeated on/off catalytic activity and switchable luminescence by temperature stimuli. For example, the nanocomplexes showed strong red luminescence in solution and excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol at 25 degrees C. However, when the temperature was 40 degrees C, the red luminescence almost disappeared in solution and catalytic activity was sharply decreased. Moreover, in solutions of K4Fe(CN)(6) containing Na2SO4 at 25 degrees C, it demonstrated the well-defined cyclic voltammograms (CV) peaks with large peak currents, showing the "on" state; at 40 degrees C, the CV response was significantly suppressed, showing the "off" state. The smart nanoreactors have great potential for applications in many fields, such as bio-materials, controlled labeling catalysis, switches and so on. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The temperature-responsive luminescent nanocomposites were prepared by the combination of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with lanthanide-polyoxometalates/SiO2 spheres, exhibiting controlled reversible luminescent behavior with change in temperature. The structures and properties of nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, FT-IR, UV-vis, dynamic light scattering and luminescence spectra. The research shows that the nanocomposites in aqueous solution display “on–off” luminescence by simple temperature stimuli. For example, the hybrid nanocomposites of PNIPAM/Eu-polyoxometalate/SiO2 in aqueous solution show bright red luminescence under UV light, which could be observed by the naked eye when the temperature is below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), showing the “on” state. However, the red luminescence of nanocomposites in aqueous solution is significantly decreased when temperature is above LCST, showing the “off” state.

In this paper, bifunctional composite particles were synthesized by in situ grafting Au nanoparticles on the surface of SiO2/polyethyleneimine/Eu-polyoxometalates (SiO2/PEI/Eu-POM) spheres. It was found that the PEI layer on SiO2/PEI/Eu-POM spheres could act as a reductant for in situ reduction of metal ions to Au nanoparticles. The sizes of Au particles grafted on spheres could be tuned by adjusting the sizes of SiO2 spheres. The composite particles showed excellent red luminescence under UV light, which could be observed by naked eyes. In addition, they exhibited good catalytic activity in the oxidation of styrene and reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The smaller composite particles show the better overall performance in the catalytic reaction because of their lager active surface. The present strategy gives a promising way to prepare bifunctional composites for broad applications in catalysis and labeling. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In this paper, Stöber silica particles were decorated with polyethyleneimine and silver nanoparticles and Eu-polyoxometalates were grafted on the surface of polyethyleneimine/silica spheres. The hybrid SiO 2 /Eu-polyoxometalates/Ag particles were characterized by IR, UVvis, luminescent spectra, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and cyclic voltammetry (CV), respectively. The hybrid particles show the bright red emission under UV light which can be observed by naked eyes. The luminescent properties of particles have been investigated which show that Ag nanoparticles have an influences on the luminescence of europium ions. The electrochemical activities of SiO 2 /Eu-polyoxometalates/Ag particles have been demonstrated by CV measurement. The catalytic results indicate that the hybrid particles show the catalytic properties in the oxidation of styrene and benzaldehyde is the main product of the reaction.

In this paper, the temperature-sensitive luminescent particles with core-shell structure were synthesized by grafting poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to the exterior surface of lanthanide-polyoxometalates (Ln-POM). The Ln-POM/PNIPAM nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, UV–vis spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering and luminescence spectra. The results showed that the smart nanoparticles were spherical and had fine core-shell structure. The luminescent spectra showed that the luminescence properties of smart Ln-POM/PNIPAM nanoparticles were changeable in response to temperature stimuli. The luminescent nanoparticles have potential applications in luminescent probes and labels for biomedicine.

In this paper, the synthesis and properties of composite silica microspheres grafted with gold nanoparticles and lanthanide-polyoxometalates are described. This synthesis employs polyethyleneimine as the crosslink polymer to immobilize the Au nanoparticles and lanthanide-polyoxometalates on silica spheres, which results in the formation of bifunctional composite microspheres of silica/lanthanide-polyoxometalates/Au. The composite material was found to be catalytically active in the oxidation of styrene, and benzaldehyde and styrene oxide were the main products. Catalyzed oxidation of styrene demonstrates the size-dependent activity of catalysts and the smaller catalyst shows the higher selectivity. Moreover, the composite particles show bright red luminescence under UV light, which could be seen by naked eyes. The luminescence properties of composite material and the effect of Au nanoparticles on the luminescence of Eu ion were investigated, and energy could be more effectively transferred from ligand to lanthanide ion when Au nanoparticles were grafted on silica spheres. The integration of luminescent components and Au particles makes it possible to label catalyst and monitor the catalyzed reactions.

瑕疵公司登记是指登记当事人或登记辅助人违反法律、法规规定的公司登记程序或条件进行的公司登记。因登记机关所致的瑕疵公司登记,往往会给登记申请人和交易第三人造成损害,此时登记机关应当对登记申请人或交易第三人承担损害赔偿责任,此责任属于国家赔偿责任,是一种特殊侵权责任,应适用过错责任的归责原则,应当执行限制赔偿的原则以确定其具体赔偿范围和数额。

公司登记机关在公司登记法律制度中的重要地位是不言而喻的。一个国家选择何机关作为公司登记机关,以及如何构造该机关的内部体系,应当遵循统一、权威、方便、服务和专业化等原则。从世界范围看,关于公司登记机关之选择与设置主要有三种模式,即行政机关主管模式、法院主管模式和商会主管模式,我国应坚持行政机关主管模式,由工商行政管理机关作为公司登记机关,但必须重新构建其内部体系,要实现的目标是保持公司登记机关体系的独立性,淡化其行政色彩,凸显其公共服务功能。

Molecular imprinting, a versatile tool for separation, sensing and catalysis, has much attracted over the past few years. Known as a 'from-key-to-lock' technology, molecular imprinting may provide highly substrate-selective recognition for the imprinted species (i.e., the template).To fabricate the imprinted structures (commonly non-covalent), functional monomers and template are first allowed to form a self-organized architecture via molecular self-assembly. Polymerization in the presence of a crosslinker is then performed to fix the self-organized architecture. The imprinted template is subsequently removed from the polymeric matrix, leaving behind a template-induced memory. The template-induced memory makes the prepared polymers capable of substrate-selective recognition.This chapter provided main applications for molecular imprinting, i.e., separation, sensing and catalysis. Other aspects including the principle and design methods for molecular imprinting were also discussed.

法的价值要素包括自由、公平、正义、秩序、安全、效率等,这些要素当然也应当是公司登记立法的价值因素,其中安全和效率应当是公司登记立法的基本价值取向选择。但安全与效率往往存在冲突,需要在公司登记立法中进行协调。具体就我国的公司登记立法的价值取向选择而言,应当是以安全为基础,以效率为目标,在保障基本交易安全的基础上追求交易效率的最大化,而不是以效率为主,更不是片面追求效率。

The study presents an original, highly substrate-selective nanoreactor. The nanoreactor, consisting of a template-imprinted memory and Au nanoparticles, was fabricated using the molecular imprinting of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and ionic Au precursor. The template-imprinted memory within the nanoreactor induced a highly substrate-selective behavior. The prepared nanoreactor was capable of highly specifically recognizing 4-NP but not its analogues 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 3-nitrophenol (3-NP). Under comparable conditions the nanoreactor significantly accelerated the reduction of 4-NP; however, only minimal promotion for 2-NP and 3-NP arose in the presence of the nanoreactor. Unlike traditional nanoreactors short of molecular recognition elements, the prepared nanoreactor was composed of substrate-imprinted frameworks, which thereby bred highly specifically catalysis.

This article presents an original work aimed at rationally designing a molecularly imprinted polymer capable of a high specific recognition. Assembling with Bisphenol A as template and acrylamide as functional monomer, the imprinted polymer was prepared. The results indicate that the use of stoichiometric self-assembly plays an obvious role on significantly increasing the specificity of prepared material, so as to better discriminate the template from its analogue. A higher or lower extent of molecular self-assembly would result in a dramatic decrease in this specificity. Related information indicates that this, logically, can be a result of the increasing match between binding sites and the template, which makes the polymer capable of specifically recognizing the imprint species.

信赖利益是两大法系学理及判例在讨论和确定合同损害赔偿范围时经常使用的一个概念,但两大法系对信赖利益的理解和使用存在分歧。在学理上进一步认识信赖利益之含义,统一对信赖利益的理解,将信赖利益之赔偿引入违约赔偿情况下加以适用,对于在立法、司法和学理上认识违约赔偿的范围具有重要意义。