We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, a_{μ}≡(g_{μ}-2)/2, from the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, ω_{a}. From the ratio ω_{a}/ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, together with precisely determined external parameters, we determine a_{μ}=116 592 057(25)×10^{-11} (0.21 ppm). Combining this result with our previous result from the 2018 data, we obtain a_{μ}(FNAL)=116 592 055(24)×10^{-11} (0.20 ppm). The new experimental world average is a_{μ}(exp)=116 592 059(22)×10^{-11} (0.19 ppm), which represents a factor of 2 improvement in precision.

The yield of gamma-quanta from nuclear fusion reactions proceeding from various spin states of muonic molecules ptμ and pdμ has been measured. The work was performed on the “Triton” facility at DLNP JINR using a specially designed liquid-tritium target. For the first time, channels of the fusion reaction with the yield of double γ-quanta were observed: ptμ → 4Heμ + γ + γ, pdμ → 3Heμ + γ + γ. The data obtained for the yield of single γ-quanta in the channel of the fusion reaction ptμ → 4Heμ + γ is consistent with earlier research. The partial coefficient of sticking of a muon to a helium nucleus was determined experimentally in a channel of pt- and pd-fusion reactions with the yield of single γ-quantum.

We present the first results of the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly a_{μ}≡(g_{μ}-2)/2. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency ω_{a} between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'} in a spherical water sample at 34.7 °C. The ratio ω_{a}/ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, together with known fundamental constants, determines a_{μ}(FNAL)=116 592 040(54)×10^{-11} (0.46 ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both μ^{+} and μ^{-}, the new experimental average of a_{μ}(Exp)=116 592 061(41)×10^{-11} (0.35 ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviations.

The Spin Physics Detector, a universal facility for studying the nucleon spin structure and other spin-related phenomena with polarized proton and deuteron beams, is proposed to be placed in one of the two interaction points of the NICA collider that is under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia). At the heart of the project there is huge experience with polarized beams at JINR. The main objective of the proposed experiment is the comprehensive study of the unpolarized and polarized gluon content of the nucleon. Spin measurements at the Spin Physics Detector at the NICA collider have bright perspectives to make a unique contribution and challenge our understanding of the spin structure of the nucleon. In this document the Conceptual Design of the Spin Physics Detector is presented.

This paper presents the beam dynamics systematic corrections and their uncertainties for the Run-1 dataset of the Fermilab Muon g - 2 Experiment. Two corrections to the measured muon precession frequency omega(m)(a) are associated with well-known effects owing to the use of electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) vertical focusing in the storage ring. An average vertically oriented motional magnetic field is felt by relativistic muons passing transversely through the radial electric field components created by the ESQ system. The correction depends on the stored momentum distribution and the tunes of the ring, which has relatively weak vertical focusing. Vertical betatron motions imply that the muons do not orbit the ring in a plane exactly orthogonal to the vertical magnetic field direction. A correction is necessary to account for an average pitch angle associated with their trajectories. A third small correction is necessary, because muons that escape the ring during the storage time are slightly biased in initial spin phase compared to the parent distribution. Finally, because two high-voltage resistors in the ESQ network had longer than designed RC time constants, the vertical and horizontal centroids and envelopes of the stored muon beam drifted slightly, but coherently, during each storage ring fill. This led to the discovery of an important phase-acceptance relationship that requires a correction. The sum of the corrections to omega(m)(a) is 0.50 +/- 0.09 ppm; the uncertainty is small compared to the 0.43 ppm statistical precision of omega(m)(a).

Magnetic fluids based on single-domain magnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in various liquid media are of particular practical and scientific interest. This paper presents a muon spectroscopy study of a ferrofluid based on magnetic nanoparticles of CoFe2O4 molecules dispersed in water (H2O) with a nanoparticle concentration of 3%. In this study, it was determined that the structure and magnitude of the magnetization of a ferrofluid depend on the viscosity of the liquid itself. It was shown that, at room temperature (290 K) and under an external magnetic field of 527 G, the observed additional magnetization was ~20 G. In a small fraction of the sample under study (~20%), negative magnetization (diamagnetism) was observed. At low temperatures (~30 K), the sample acted as a paramagnet in a magnetic field. For the first time, the magnetic field inside and in the immediate vicinity of a CoFe2O4 nanoparticle has been measured experimentally using the μSR method: the value was 1.96 ± 0.44 kG; thus, direct measurement of the magnetization of a nanoscale object was performed.

The Technical Design for the COMET Phase-I experiment is presented in this paper. COMET is an experiment at J-PARC, Japan, which will search for neutrinoless conversion of muons into electrons in the field of an aluminium nucleus ($\mu-e$ conversion, $\mu^- N \to e^- N$); a lepton flavor violating process. The experimental sensitivity goal for this process in the Phase-I experiment is $3.1\times10^{-15}$, or 90 % upper limit of branching ratio of $7\times 10^{-15}$, which is a factor of 100 improvement over the existing limit. The expected number of background events is 0.032. To achieve the target sensitivity and background level, the 3.2 kW 8 GeV proton beam from J-PARC will be used. Two types of detectors, CyDet and StrECAL, will be used for detecting the \mue conversion events, and for measuring the beam-related background events in view of the Phase-II experiment, respectively. Results from simulation on signal and background estimations are also described.

A prototype of a 2D detector based on specially designed straw tubes with cathode data readout has been developed and tested. This detector exhibits comparable accuracies in measuring radial and longitudinal coordinates. Its rate capability is similar to the capabilities of traditional detectors whose tubes are smaller by half in diameter.

Precise measurement of straw axial coordinate (along the anode wire) with accuracy compatible with straw radial coordinate determination by drift time measurement and increase of straw detector rate capability by using straw cathode readout instead of anode readout are presented.

mu SR-spectroscopy method was applied to the investigation of water based ferrofluid samples with 0.5% and 3% vol. concentrations of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The measurements were overdone in the (26 divided by 300) K temperature range in an external magnetic field transversal to the muon spin and with the sample cooling: (i) without applied magnetic field (ZFC) and (ii) in the presence of field (FC). It was found that regardless of the cooling regimes in both samples the diamagnetic (muon) fraction in ferrofluid is produced approximately in the same ratio as well in pure H2O. However, the relaxation rate and the precession frequency of the muon spin in the ferrofluid with 3% nanoparticles concentration depends on the cooling conditions of the sample, and they differ significantly from similar data for H2O. The present results show that magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite have a high coefficient of magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic field, created by single domain nanoparticles in ferrofluid has been found.

The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is one of the most precisely measured quantities in experimental particle physics. Its latest measurement at Brookhaven National Laboratory deviates from the Standard Model expectation by approximately 3.5 standard deviations. The goal of the new experiment, E989, now under construction at Fermilab, is a fourfold improvement in precision. Here, we discuss the details of the future measurement and its current status.

The Muon (g-2) Experiment, E989 at Fermilab, will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment a factor-of-four more precisely than was done in E821 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS. The E821 result appears to be greater than the Standard-Model prediction by more than three standard deviations. When combined with expected improvement in the Standard-Model hadronic contributions, E989 should be able to determine definitively whether or not the E821 result is evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. After a review of the physics motivation and the basic technique, which will use the muon storage ring built at BNL and now relocated to Fermilab, the design of the new experiment is presented. This document was created in partial fulfillment of the requirements necessary to obtain DOE CD-2/3 approval.

Detector rate capability is one of the main parameters for designing a new detector for high energy physics due to the permanent rise of the beam luminosity of modern accelerators. One of the widely used detectors for particle track reconstruction is a straw-detector based on drift tubes. The rate capability of such detectors is limited by the parameters of readout electronics. The traditional method of increasing detector rate capability consists in increasing their granularity (the number of “elementary” detectors = readout channels) by reducing the straw diameter and/or by dividing the straw anode wire into two parts (for decreasing the rate per readout channel). A new method of designing straw detectors with a high rate capability is presented and tested. The method is based on dividing the straw cathode into parts and the independent readout of each part.

Polarized negative muons were used to study relaxation mechanisms of shallow acceptors in germanium. In p-type germanium at low temperatures relaxation of the muon spin was observed, indicating that the muonic atom (gallium-like acceptor center) formed via capture of the negative muon by a host atom is in the paramagnetic state and its magnetic moment is relaxing. The relaxation rate of the muon spin was found to depend on temperature and on concentration of gallium impurity. We conclude that to the relaxation of the magnetic moment of the Ga acceptor in Ge there contribute both scattering of phonons and quadrupole interaction between the acceptors. We estimate, for the first time, the hyperfine interaction constant for the gallium acceptor in germanium as 0.11 MHz.