目的 探讨影响显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗原发性三叉神经痛(TN)疗效的相关因素.方法 对153例原发性TN患者施行MVD,对临床资料行单因素x2检验及Logistic多因素回归分析,评价影响MVD治疗原发性TN疗效的独立危险因素.结果 ①疼痛完全消失125例,疼痛明显缓解26例,未愈2例;②103例单纯受动脉压迫,49例合并静脉压迫,1例无明显责任血管,合并静脉压迫的患者术后疼痛完全消除率(71％)较单纯动脉压迫者(81％)低,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③V2支疼痛的患者术后疼痛完全消除率(55％)较其他疼痛分布区患者低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且V2支疼痛的患者,责任血管多自三叉神经的腹侧压迫(50％),且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);④Logistic回归分析显示,静脉压迫和V2支疼痛是影响MVD治疗原发性TN临床疗效的独立危险因素.结论 静脉压迫、V2支疼痛的患者术后疗效较差,为独立危险因素;V2支疼痛的患者,其责任血管多自三叉神经腹侧压迫三叉神经,这成为难治性V2支疼痛新的研究方向.

This study describes the use of poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) electrospun microfibres impregnated with a combination of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) in the treatment of right-side hemisected spinal cord injury (SCI). Release of db-cAMP and/or ChABC from the microfibres was assessed in vitro using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Drug-impregnated microfibres were implanted into the hemisected thoracic spinal cord of rats, and treatment was evaluated using functional recovery examinations and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that the microfibres containing db-cAMP and/or ChABC displayed a stable and prolonged release of each agent. Sustained delivery of db-cAMP and/or ChABC was found to promote axonal regenerative sprouting, functional recovery, and reduced glial scar formation when compared to untreated control animals. The combination of both db-cAMP and ChABC was determined to be more effective than using either drug alone in the treatment of SCI. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using PPC electrospun microfibres for multi-drug combination therapy in SCI.

Objective To observe the curative effect and safety of operation combined with recombinant human erythropoietin on patients with severe intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Seventy-six surgery patients with severe intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into rHu-EPO group (40 cases) and control group (36 cases) by random digits table method. The rHu-EPO group was injected subcutaneously with rHu-EPO, and the control group was treated with placebo. Neurologic impairment (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS score) and activities of daily living (Barthel index) were evaluated 1 month and 3 months after treatment respectively. Moreover, blood pressure, hemoglobin, and adverse reaction were also observed. Results The scores of NIHSS and Barthel index in two groups before treatment had no significant differences (P>0.05). One month and 3 months after treatment, the scores of NIHSS and Barthel index in rHu-EPO group were significantly better: (12.27±5.26) scores vs. (15.36±4.34) scores and (8.17±2.40) scores vs. (13.90±2.54) scores, (54.36±21.87) scores vs. (43.47±20.29) scores and (69.71±23.08) scores vs. (52.56±21.32) scores, there were statistical differences(P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in systemic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and hemoglobin between 2 groups (P>0.05). There were no apparente adverse reactions such as fever, erythra, itching and deep venous thrombosis in rHu-EPO group. Conclusions Operation combined with recombinant human erythropoietin has nerve protective effect, and might be an effective and safe therapy target in severe intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: Previous studies showed the aberrant expression of microRNA-182 (miR-182) in glioma tissue. However, the exact role of circulating miR-182 in glioma remains unclear. Here, we confirmed the expression of plasma circulating miR-182 in glioma patients, and further explored its potential diagnostic and prognostic value.Material/Methods: Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to measure circulating cell-free miR-182 from 112 glioma patients and 54 healthy controls.Results: Our findings showed that the level of circulating miR-182 in glioma patients was higher than that in healthy controls (P<0.001), which was significantly associated with KPS score (P=0.025) and WHO grade (P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.778. The optimal cut-off value was 1.56, and the sensitivity and specificity were 58.5% and 85.2%, respectively. Interestingly, a high predictive value of circulating miR-182 was observed in high-grade glioma (AUC=0.815). However, the AUC was lower in low-grade glioma (AUC=0.621). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the cumulative 5-year overall survival rate in the high miR-182 group was significantly lower than that in the low miR-182 group in both overall survival (OS) (P=0.003) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.006). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis revealed that circulating miR-182 was an independent prognostic indicator for OS (P=0.034) and DFS (P=0.013).Conclusions: These results suggest that circulating miR-182 may be a potential noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of human glioma.

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is widely expressed in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of human intracranial aneurysms (IAs), but the effect and underlying mechanism of SPARC on VSMCs during the formation and progression of IAs needs to be probed. Human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) were treated with a gradient concentrations of SPARC in vitro for different time. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were used to investigate the effect of SPARC on HUASMCs. After exposure to 2 and 4 μg/ml SPARC, cell viability were 89.3 ± 2.00 %, and 87.57 ± 2.17 % (P < 0.05 vs. control), respectively. Induced by 2 μg/ml SPARC, the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase was 74.77 ± 1.33 % (P < 0.05 vs. control), and the early and late apoptosis ratio were 7.38 ± 1.25 % and 4.86 ± 0.81 % (P < 0.01 vs. control), respectively. After exposure to 2 μg/ml SPARC for 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, Western blot analysis showed that the protein level of p21 was upregulated significantly at 2–12 h (P < 0.05 vs. control), while the expression of p53 remained stable within 48 h. The expression of Bax protein increased markedly and peaked at 24 (P < 0.01 vs. control), while Bcl2 protein decreased significantly at 48 h (P < 0.01 vs. control). Cleaved caspase3 was also upregulated dramatically and peaked at 24 h (P < 0.05 vs. control). The protein level of MMP2 increased significantly and peaked at 24 h (P < 0.01 vs. control), while TIMP2 remained stable and even reduced at 48 h (P < 0.05 vs. control). Taken together, SPARC could arrest HUASMCs in G0/G1 phase by overexpression of p21 and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in vitro, which could result in the decreased cell viability. Besides, SPARC might also lead to the activation of MMP2 instead of MMP9. These results indicated SPARC could reduce the self-repair capability and increase injury of media layer and internal elastic lamina of intracranial artery, which would disrupt the normal homeostatic mechanism controlling vascular repair, thus promoting the formation and progression of IAs.

Objective: Glioma is one of the most common brain malignant tumors. Its occurrence results from the interactions between environmental and genetic factors. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship of human leukocyte antigen DMA (HLA-DMA) gene polymorphism and gene-environment interactions with the glioma susceptibility. Methods: HLA-DMA rs1063478 polymorphism was tested by the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 90 glioma patients and 110 healthy controls. Chisquare test and binary regression analysis were adopted to detect the association between HLA-DMA rs1063478 polymorphism and glioma. Gene-environment interactions were explored by case-only approach. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to represent the glioma susceptibility. Results: Rs1063478 TT genotype and CT+TT genotypes could increase glioma susceptibility, respectively. After being regulated by environmental factors, only CT+TT genotypes increased the susceptibility of glioma (OR=1.984, 95% CI=1.084-3.630). Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that there was interaction between rs1063478 with ionizing radiation (OR=5.359, 95% CI=1.13-25.797). Conclusions: HLA-DMA rs1063478 polymorphism is related to glioma susceptibility. Besides, it can make the susceptibility of glioma rise along with ionizing radiation.

Objective To explore the effect oftongmaijiangtang capsule (TM) on apoptosis and its mechanism in Schwann cells (SCs).Methods The TM contained serum was prepared by using blood serum pharmacological method.Bilateral ischiadic nerves from Wistar rats were sliced,digested and centrifuged to acquire the SCs.(1) These SCs were divided into normal control group,AGEs treatment group,TM treatment group and TM+AGEs treatment group;24 h after each treatment,the SCs were detected by immunofluorescent staining using S100 and DNA-specific fluorescent regent Hoechst 33258,and then,the SCs number was compared under fluorescent microscope.(2) SCs were divided into normal control group Ⅰ and TM treatment group Ⅰ;24 h after treatment,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF).(3) SCs were divided into normal control group Ⅱ and TM treatment group Ⅱ;48 h after treatment,ELISA was employed to detect the protein expressions of TNF-c and IL-6 in SCs.Results (1) As compared with that in the control group (60.1±3.7),the number of SCs in TM treatment group (82.8±3.8) was statistically increased,and that in AGEs treatment group was significantly decreased (17.1± 1.7,P＜0.05);the number of SCs in TM+AGEs treatment group (42.3±1.6) increased significantly as compared with that in AGEs group (P＜0.05).(2) The mRNA expressions of TNF-o and IL-6 in the TM treatment group Ⅰ obviously decreased as compared with that in the control group Ⅰ;but those of BDNF and NGF in the TM treatment group Ⅰ were similar with those in the control group.(3) The protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in the TM treatment group Ⅱ (54.7±0.2,955.8±6.8) were statistically decreased as compared with those in the control group Ⅱ (37.9±0.9,861.3±10.2,P＜0.05).Conclusion TM could effectively inhibit SCs apoptosis induced by AGEs and significantly decrease the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 to reduce the apoptosis of SCs.

Objective To explore the surgical strategies and techniques in the management of refractory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)otorrhea.Methods Combined subtemporal trasnscranial and transmastoid approach was performed to re-pair the middle cranial fossa defects in 11 patients with posttraumatic CSF otorrhea.Results (1)Mastoid probe was not required in 5 cases.Due to comminuted fractures of mastoid process,2 cases needed titanium plate fixation before the bone flaps were removed.In the other 4 cases with serious mastoid fracture,the pieces were collected and refilled back to the defect,and fixed together with longissimus by biological glue.(2)The brain tissues herniation and/or ex-posed mastoid mucosa via large skull base defects were observed intraoperatively in 6 cases.(3)The ossicular chain was intact in 3 cases,disappeared in 2 cases,and not inspected in 4 cases;the otosteon (malleus)was missed in 2 ca-ses.No recurrence was recorded during the follow-up of 2-11 years.Conclusion (1)A combined supra-infratentorial approach,with an incision incorporating both the middle skull base and mastoid process,is advisable for the manage-ment of CSF otorrhea with complex fractures,especially with unstable fractures involving the mastoid process.(2) Postoperative rhinorrhea could be prevented by tamponade of tympanic cavity,especially,the eustachian tube,in addi-tion to obliteration of the external auditory canal during surgical repair of CSF leaks in patients with complex fractures and hearing loss.(3)Inadvertent injury to petrous segment of the internal carotid artery should be avoided during surgi-cal manipulations near tympanic cavity and eustachian tube.

Objective To detect the different gene expression profiles in the process of glioma stem cells' (GSCs) differentiation to endothelial cells(ECs) under hypoxia and to screen the key pathways and genes for offering a new therapeutic target for the treatment of glioblastoma.Methods GSCs were extracted from U87 glioma cell line and were identified with the stem cell markers SOX2 、CD133 and Nestin by immunofluorescence staining.The differentiated cells incubated in the hydrogel under hypoxia were identified with the EC markers CD31 and CD34 by immunofluorescence staining.Total RNA extracted from the GSCs and the differentiated cells were used for gene chip to screen expressed genes.The significant gene function analysis (GO-Analysis) and signal transduction pathway analysis (Pathway-Analysis) were carried out to screen the key signaling pathways and genes.Results SOX2、CD133 and Nestin were observed in the GSCs extracted from U87 glioma cell line.CD31 and CD34 were positive in the differentiated cells.Gene chip analysis displayed that 481 genes were up-regulated,while 245 genes were down-regulated.Significant gene function and signal transduction pathways were analyzed and numerous significant signaling pathways and genes were screened such as TGF-β signaling pathway (P ＜ 0.01),FASN (fatty acid synthase)(P ＜0.01) and P4HA1 (prolyl4 hydroxylase subunit alpha-1) (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions GSCs extracted from U87 glioma cell line could differentiate into ECs under hypoxia in vitro.The significant signaling pathways and genes such as TGF-β signaling pathway,FASN and P4HA1 might be the promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioblastoma.

Neovascularization plays a substantial role in the regulation of invasion of glioblastoma. However, the underlying molecular basis remains largely unknown. Both vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGFa) and matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) are essential for cancer neovascularization and cancer invasion in that they promote endothelial mitogenesis and permeability, and promote extracellular matrix degradation, respectively. In the current study, we found strong positive correlation of VEGFa and phosphorylated MMP2 levels in the glioblastoma from the patients. Thus, we used a human glioblastoma line, A-172, to examine the interaction of VEGFa and MMP2. We found that overexpression of VEGFa in A-172 cells increased MMP2 levels, while inhibition of VEGFa in A-172 cells decreased MMP2 levels. On the other hand, forced changes in MMP2 levels in A-172 cells did not affect VEGFa levels. These data suggest that VEGFa may regulate MMP2 in glioblastoma, while MMP2 did not appear to affect VEGFa levels. We then examined the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of MMP2 levels by VEGFa. Application of a specific extracellular-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor, but not application of either an protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor, or a Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor to VEGFa-overexpressing A-172 cells substantially abolished the effect of VEGFa on MMP2 activation, suggesting that VEGFa may increase MMP2 levels via ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or JNK signaling pathways in glioblastoma. Moreover, adapted VEGFa levels were found to directly and positively affect the glioblastoma development in an intracranial glioblastoma implantation model. Taken together, our data suggest that anti-VEGFa treatment in glioblastoma may inhibit neovascularization not only by VEGFa itself but also by its regulatory effect on MMP2.

Objective SPARC is a key determinant of invasion and metastasis in some tumors, such as gliomas, melanomas and prostate tumors. SPARC can change the composition and structure of the matrix and promote angiogenesis; these effects are closely related to clinical stage and the prognosis of tumors such as meningiomas. However, little is known about the expression of SPARC in intracranial aneurysms. The goal of this study was to establish the role of SPARC in human intracranial aneurysms. Methods Thirty-one intracranial aneurysms were immunohistochemically stained for SPARC, MMP-2 and MMP-9. As controls, normal Circle of Willis arteries were similarly immunostained. All specimens were retrieved during autopsies and were embedded in paraffin. To evaluate the expression levels of SPARC, MMP-2 and MMP-9, western blotting was also performed in three available intracranial aneurysm specimens. The limited availability of fresh intracranial aneurysm tissue was the result of the majority of patients choosing endovascular embolization. Results The results showed that SPARC, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were strongly expressed in intracranial aneurysm tissues; however, these proteins were expressed minimally or not at all in normal Circle of Willis arteries. The western blot results showed that the expression levels of SPARC, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly up-regulated in intracranial aneurysms relative to the expression levels in the normal Circle of Willis arteries. Data analysis showed that SPARC was significantly correlated with MMP-2 and MMP-9, also with age and risk factors but not with the Hunt-Hess grade or with sex. Conclusion The results indicate that SPARC is widely expressed in human intracranial aneurysms, and its expression correlates with MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, age and risk factors but not with the Hunt-Hess grade. The results of this study suggest that SPARC has a pathogenic role in the alteration of the extracellular matrix of intracranial arteries during aneurysm formation.

很多颅脑外伤的病人经手术或保守治疗后生命虽得以保全,但恢复期出现精神抑郁、落落寡合、反应迟钝,记忆力、注意力、定向力障碍等智力减退的表现,我们姑且称之为外伤性痴呆.我们曾应用自拟方脑伤合剂(处方组成:人参、白术、黄芪、熟地黄、当归、枸杞子、桃仁、红花、川芎、清半夏、石菖蒲、炒酸枣仁)治疗颅脑外伤性痴呆68例,疗效满意,但在临床实践中仍发现有不尽如人意的地方,因此对其组方进行优化处理,在处方组成和用药剂量上做了一些调整,共治疗颅脑外伤性痴呆46例,结果疗效明显提高,介绍如下.

恶性脑膜瘤既具有良性脑膜瘤的一般表现,又有生长快、侵袭性强、易复发和转移等恶性肿瘤的特征,确诊需要临床与病理结合.其发病率为0.17/10万[1],占全部脑膜瘤的0.65％～20.00％,平均2.80％[1-4].1990年1月至2012年12月我们治疗了32例经手术病理证实的恶性脑膜瘤,现将其临床及病理特点报告如下. 资料与方法 一、一般资料 患者中男性19例,女性13例;年龄11～77岁,平均47.8岁.亚急性发病4例,慢性24例.病程7～112 d,平均68 d.临床表现为头痛、恶心24例(75.0％),癫痫8例(25.0％),记忆力下降7例(21.9％),性格改变6例(18.8％),复视3例(9.4％),一侧面瘫1例(3.1％),一侧视力下降4例(12.5％),视乳头水肿22例(68.8％),轻偏瘫12例(37.5％),不完全性失语4例(12.5％),头部包块3例(9.4％).其中良性脑膜瘤复发并恶性变12例(37.5％).

Objective To quantitatively evaluated the feasibility of digitalized skull base surgery by comparing the corresponding accuracy of anatomical,imageology and neuronavigator based measurements.Methods Distance between the anterior semicircular canal and the oval foramen of 25 cadaver skull bases(50 sides) were measured with caliper(an anatomical measurement),CT(an imageology base measurement) and neuronavigator(a neuronavigator based measurement),respectively.The data were documented and the accuracy of three different methods of measurement was statistically analyzed with Spss19.0 software.Results ① The mean deviation of anatomical measurement was larger than that of the imageology based measurement from the corresponding mean of anatomical measurement(P<0.01);② The mean deviation of the neuronavigator based measurement was larger than that of the imageology based measurement from the mean of anatomical measurement(P<0.01);③ The mean deviation of the neuronavigator based measurement from the mean of anatomical measurement was a little bit larger than that of the anatomical measurement,whereas the P value(90%) was larger than 0.8.Conclusion ① The data from imageology based measurement are more accurate than those from group-based anatomical measurement in evaluating individual anatomical characteristics;② Errors occurred during registration and application will compromise the accuracy of a neuronavigator to a more or less extent;③ Statistically equivalent accuracy is undeniable(the power of the test was as high as 90%)between the anatomical and neuronavigator based measurements,even if deviations from the latter are inevitable.

Objective Frame-based stereotactic surgical planning systems (SSPSs) have been used for deep brain stimulation and radioneurosurgery. Here, we evaluated the feasibility, safety and efficacy of using a SSPS to aid spontaneous intracerebral haematoma (ICH) treatment. Methods Patients with moderate spontaneous putamen haematomas were randomized into two groups: treatment (group A) and control (group B). In group B, the catheter for evacuating haematomas was inserted into a target point, located at the centre of the haematoma, using conventional frame-based stereotactics; urokinase thrombolysis was subsequently delivered through the catheter. In group A, this procedure was assisted by a SSPS, which designed both the target point and trajectory in the haematoma through virtual reality. Duration of evacuating haematomas and number of urokinase injections was compared between groups. Results In total, 65 patients were recruited: in group A (n = 30), the duration of evacuating haematomas (35.27 ± 9.17 h) was shorter than in group B (n = 35; 67.77 ± 13.82 h). There were fewer urokinase injections in group A (3.63 ± 1.16) than in group B (6.40 ± 1.29). Conclusions The feasibility, efficacy and safety of spontaneous ICH treatment were optimized by the use of a frame-based SSPS.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of microvascular-decompression (MVD) or MVD+partial-sensory-rhizotomy (PSR) on the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN).MATERIAL and METHODS: 210 TN patients were retrospectively studied, among which there're 142 cases underwent MVD and 68 cases underwent MVD+PSR.RESULTS: In MVD group, pain vanished in 128, obviously relieved in 9, and 137 cases were profited from MVD. In 82 cases with a follow-up over 2 years, pain vanished in 74, pain sometime occurred in 5 which could be relieved by oral medicine, 3 cases could not be controlled effectively by medicine. In MVD+PSR group, pain completely vanished in 67 cases, not changed in 1 case. In 47 cases with a follow-up over 2 years, pain sometime occurred in 2 which could be relieved by carbamazepine, the others were completely pain-free. The short-term pain-free rate of MVD+PSR group was obviously higher than MVD group(P<0.05), after a follow-up over 2 years, the former was still higher than the later, 95.7% and 90.2% respectively, without significant difference in statistics.CONCLUSION: MVD+PSR was obviously superior to MVD in completely eliminating pain in short-term period after operation, however, longer pain-free rate need even longer time to follow up. Identifying the responsible vascular exactly and handling it reasonably were key to both groups.

OBJECTIVE:To detect the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9), progesterone receptor(PR), Ki-67 and Survivin in the multiple meningiomas (MMs) and explore its genesis, diagnosis and bionomics features.METHODS:A total of 66 cases with histological sections of meningiomas retrieved from the archives of Department of Pathology of our hospital, including 30 cases of solitary meningiomas (SMs) and 36 cases MMs, were regrouped as benign, atypical and malignant by hematoxylin and eosin staining according to the World Health Organization classification of nervous system tumors. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expressions of MMP-9, PR, Ki-67 and Survivin in 36 cases of MMs and 30 cases of SMs. And normal brain tissue was selected as a control group. The staining intensity was analyzed quantitatively for the differential expressions of MMP-9, PR, Ki-67 and Survivin between SMs and MMs.RESULTS:No expression of MMP-9, PR, Ki-67 and Survivin was detected in 5 normal brain tissues, but the expression rates were 100%, 53%, 23% and 88% respectively for significant difference comparing with normal tissue. The result of statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference in the expression intensity of MMP-9 and PR between two groups. The expression intensity MMP-9 in multiple group was significantly higher in MMs than that in SMs (P < 0.01) while PR was lower in MMs than that in SMs (P < 0.05). But no significant difference was found for the expression of Ki-67 or Survivin between two groups.CONCLUSION:The detections of MMP-9, PR, Ki-67 and Survivin are helpful in the clinical diagnosis and early detection of meningioma.

>大量的干细胞及其衍生细胞[如胚胎干细胞、神经干细胞(NSCs)、间充质干细胞(MSCs)]被应用于脑出血后神经功能缺损的治疗。然而,移植后多数细胞死亡,其原因很可能是移植细胞所面临的病理环境所致。目前,小胶质细胞活化和神经炎症被认为是脑出血后继发性脑损伤很重要的病情进展因素。本文在研究脑出血后的细胞因子依赖性神经毒性和炎症来源氧化应激的基础上,重点总结了炎症介质对于移植干细胞或其来源细胞的多方面影响和干细胞的免疫调节特性。

OBJECTIVE To explore the functions of NF2, TIMP-3 and THBS1 genes in the tumorigenesis or progression of meningiomas and analyze the values of these genes in early diagnosis, therapy and prognostic evaluation in meningiomas. METHODS A total of 66 cases with histological sections of meningiomas, including solitary (SMs, n = 30) and multiple meningiomas (MMs, n = 36), were retrieved from our departmental archives. All cases were regrouped as benign, atypical and anaplastic (malignant) by hematoxylin & eosin staining according to the recently published WHO classification of nervous system tumors. Genomic DNA was extracted from tumor sections and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) performed to detect the CpG methylation status. Normal brain tissue was used as the control group. And then the differences of methylation rate between SMs and MMs tissues and among different subgroups were analyzed by statistical analyses. RESULTS The results of methylation in different types of meningiomas demonstrated that the rates of NF2, TIMP-3 and THBS1 methylation were 26.7% (8/30), 16.7% (5/30) and 36.7% (11/30) in 30 SMs tissues and 30.6% (11/36), 22.2% (8/36) and 22.2% (8/36) in 36 MMs tissues respectively. But no aberrant methylation of NF2, TIMP-3 and THBS1 genes was found in normal brain tissue. No significant differences in three types of gene methylation rates existed between SMs and MMs in the I-III grade meningiomas. Nevertheless, there was great difference between grades I, II and III in SMs and MMs while no significant difference was found between grades II and III. CONCLUSION The methylation of NF2, TIMP-3 and THBS1 is correlated with the tumorigenesis of meningiomas (grade II and III). As an important pathogenetic cause of meningiomas, it may be used as a clinical tool for an early diagnosis of meningiomas.

Image from Headache Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia as Onset of Chiari Type I Malformation Feng Li MD, Feng Li MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this authorYang Yang MD, Yang Yang MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this authorYuguang Liu MD, Yuguang Liu MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this authorQiang Li MD, Qiang Li MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this authorShugan Zhu MD, Shugan Zhu MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this author Feng Li MD, Feng Li MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this authorYang Yang MD, Yang Yang MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this authorYuguang Liu MD, Yuguang Liu MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this authorQiang Li MD, Qiang Li MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this authorShugan Zhu MD, Shugan Zhu MD From the Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (F. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Liu, and S. Zhu); Department of Neurosurgery, the People's Hospital of Laiwu City, Laiwu, China (Q. Li).Search for more papers by this author First published: 22 August 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02219.xCitations: 5 Conflict of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. Funding: There are no sources of financial support to disclose for this research. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume52, Issue10November/December 2012Pages 1576-1578 RelatedInformation