微生态制剂以其独特的作用方式和生态效应,已被广泛的应用于食品、医疗、畜禽和水产养殖等领域.枯草芽孢杆菌是目前应用比较广泛的饲料添加剂,在养殖业中具有无毒无副作用的特点.主要通过调节肠道微生物的环境和促进营养物质的吸收,来增强机体免疫力和改善蛋壳品质,从而达到提高种蛋合格率和经济效益的目地.本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对肉种鸡产蛋阶段生产性能和经济效益的影响,从而为实际生产提供理论依据.

Samples of chicken, duck, quail, and pigeon were collected from Jiangsu, Anhui, and Hebei in 2009-2011, and sixteen H9N2 subtype isolates of avian influenza virus (AIV) were identified. The eight full-length genes of 16 AIV isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Genome sequence analysis showed that the amino acid motif of cleavage sites in the HA gene was P-S-R/K-S-S-R, which was consistent with the characterization of the LPAIV, and the Leucine (L) at the amino acid position 226 in the HA genes of all isolates indicated the potential of binding with SAalpha, 2-6 receptor. All isolates had a S to N substitution at residue 31 in the M2 gene, which is related to the resistance phenotype of adamantanes. The key molecular features of 16 AIV isolates from different hosts were same. Genome phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 16 H9N2 subtype AIVs originated from F98-like virus as backbone and formed two new genotypes through reassortment with HA gene of Y280-like virus and PB2 and M genes of G1-like virus. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the surveillance of H9N2 influenza virus and its direction of reassortment.

对从江苏省某鸽场病死鸽脏器中分离的细菌进行分离鉴定.通过细菌培养、革兰染色镜检及生化特性测定等对分离株进行初步鉴定；扩增分离株的16S rDNA片段并测序,Blast搜索比对确定细菌的种属；通过动物致病性试验和药敏试验来检测分离株的致病力及耐药性.结果:3株细菌的16S rDNA序列测定和Blast分析表明与奇异变形杆菌参考株的同源性达99.4％ ～99.8％,确定为奇异变形杆菌；致病性试验显示奇异变形杆菌对鸽子和小鼠均有致病力；药敏试验表明奇异变形杆菌对头孢菌素类抗生素和氟苯尼考敏感,对青霉素类和磺胺类抗生素等有耐药性.结果表明,从鸽子脏器中所分离的细菌为奇异变形杆菌,具有较强的致病力和多重耐药性.

To investigate the epidemiology of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses（LPAIVs） in Eastern China,we surveyed LPAIVs in a live-poultry market（LPM） in Eastern China from October 2009 to September 2010,and 58 from 1 650 cloaca swab samples were positive for LPAIVs in isolation when characterized by hemagglutination（HA） and hemagglutination inhibition（HI） tests.These LPAIVs belonged to six HA subtypes,that is H6,H3,H1,H4,H9 and H11,in the order of isolation rate.In addition,seven NA subtypes including N1,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6 and N8 were identified in these LPAIVs.Altogether 11 HA-NA subtype combinations were identified in our study.The isolation rate from domestic ducks was 7.28%,which was much higher than that from chickens（1.00%） and domestic geese（1.02%）.The isolation rate of LPAIVs was distributed with significant seasonal variations,higher during March-June and October-December and lower in the hottest month in summer and coldest month in winter.Six samples were identified to contain viruses of two different HA subtypes simultaneously,accounting for 10.34% of all the positive samples.All six samples of mixed infection were waterfowl-origin.The result indicates that LPM may serve as a gene pool of avian influenza viruses,and domestic waterfowls may act as a reservior of avian influenza viruses,therefore monitoring of avian influenza viruses in LPM,especially in domestic waterfowls,should be reinforced.