Разработаны составы композиционных материалов на основе водных дисперсий нефтяного битума и пластифицированного эпоксидно-дианового олигомера, стабилизированных олеиновой кислотой в щелочной среде. Проведены исследования морфологии образцов композиционного вяжущего материала, их структурно-реологических, температурных (температуры размягчения и температуры хрупкости) свойств, адгезионного взаимодействия с минеральными материалами кислой и основной природы на примере гранита и доломита. Показано, что исследуемые системы характеризуются однородной структурой, поскольку происходит равномерное распределение олигомера по всему объему битумного вяжущего с вкраплениями светлых агрегатов эпоксидно-дианового олигомера в битумной матрице, размер которых повышается при увеличении количества добавки. Установлено, что в присутствии эпоксиолигомера происходит расширение температурного интервала пластичности битума до ~20 °С, а коллоидная структура смешанных дисперсий проявляет неньютоновский характер течения вплоть до 70 °С, причем с увеличением концентрации олигомера (1-20 мас. %) устойчивость коллоидной системы к деформационным воздействиям возрастает, что подтверждается повышением значений реологических характеристик. Максимальное адгезионное сцепление пленок (>75 %) фиксируется при взаимодействии олигомер-битумного вяжущего и минерального материала с основной природой поверхности при содержании олигомера 5 и 15 мас. %. Полученные композиции перспективны для применения в качестве пленкообразующего материала строительного назначения, который можно использовать как герметизирующее и гидроизоляционное защитное покрытие для изделий и конструкций дорожного и гражданского строительства, а также в составе тампонажного материала для цементирования, крепления и ремонта скважин в нефтегазодобывающей отрасли. Formulations of composite materials based on aqueous dispersions of petroleum bitumen and plasticised epoxy-diane oligomer, stabilised by oleic acid in an alkaline medium, have been developed. The morphology of composite binder samples, their structural and rheological properties, temperature properties (softening point and brittleness temperature), and adhesive interaction with mineral materials of acidic and basic nature have been studied using granite and dolomite as examples. It is shown that the studied systems have a homogeneous structure, since there is a uniform oligomer distribution throughout the volume of the bitumen binder, with inclusions of light aggregates of epoxy-diane oligomer in the bitumen matrix, the size of which increases with an increase in the amount of the additive. It has been established that in the presence of epoxy oligomer, the temperature range of bitumen plasticity expands to ~20 °C, and the colloidal structure of mixed dispersions exhibits a non-Newtonian flow pattern up to 70 °C, so that with an increase in oligomer concentration (1-20 wt%), the resistance of the colloid system to deformation increases, which is confirmed by an increase in the values of rheological characteristics. The maximum adhesive bond of films (>75 %) is recorded during the interaction of the oligomer-bitumen binder and mineral material with a basic surface nature at an oligomer content of 5 and 15 %. The obtained compositions are promising for use as a film-forming material for construction purposes, which can be used as a sealing and waterproofing protective coating for road and civil construction products and structures, and also as part of a plugging material for cementing, fastening and repairing wells in oil and gas production industry.

Formulations of composite materials based on aqueous dispersions of petroleum bitumen and plasticised epoxy-diane oligomer, stabilised by oleic acid in an alkaline medium, have been developed. The morphology of composite binder samples, their structural and rheological properties, temperature properties (softening point and brittleness temperature), and adhesive interaction with mineral materials of acidic and basic nature have been studied using granite and dolomite as examples. It is shown that the studied systems have a homogeneous structure, since there is a uniform oligomer distribution throughout the volume of the bitumen binder, with inclusions of light aggregates of epoxy-diane oligomer in the bitumen matrix, the size of which increases with an increase in the amount of the additive. It has been established that in the presence of epoxy oligomer, the temperature range of bitumen plasticity expands to ~20 °C, and the colloidal structure of mixed dispersions exhibits a non-Newtonian flow pattern up to 70 °C, so that with an increase in oligomer concentration (1-20 wt%), the resistance of the colloid system to deformation increases, which is confirmed by an increase in the values of rheological characteristics. The maximum adhesive bond of films (>75 %) is recorded during the interaction of the oligomer-bitumen binder and mineral material with a basic surface nature at an oligomer content of 5 and 15 %. The obtained compositions are promising for use as a film-forming material for construction purposes, which can be used as a sealing and waterproofing protective coating for road and civil construction products and structures, and also as part of a plugging material for cementing, fastening and repairing wells in oil and gas production industry.

The properties of epoxy-diane oligomer were studied in the presence of vegetable plasticizer rapeseed oil in the concentration range of 5 - 25 wt.%. The methods of IR spectroscopy, potentiometric titration and rotational rheometry were used. It was established that in the studied mixtures intermolecular interactions occur between the functional groups of rapeseed oil and the epoxy-diane oligomer. The most noticeable changes in the IR spectrum of the mixture are observed in the region (3700−3100 cm-1) of stretching vibrations of the OH groups due to the formation of hydrogen bond. In this case, the position and intensity of the absorption bands in the oxirane cycle at wave numbers of 1247 cm-1, 915 cm-1 and 832 cm-1, characterizing vibrations for νas C–O–C, δ C–O and νs C–O–C groups, respectively, remain virtually unchanged. The maximum neutralization of carboxylic acids occurs in a mixture containing 5% rapeseed oil in the oligomer, since in this case the acid number and acidity decrease by 3 and 2.5 times. With a further increase in the concentration of oil in the mixtures, a cumulative effect appears and these indicators increase. With an increase in the concentration of oil in the studied systems, the nature of the flow changes and a transition from non-Newtonian pseudoplastic systems to Newtonian fluids occurs. The viscosity of the intact structure and the viscosity anomaly decrease by 5 times. The obtained scientific knowledge about the physical and chemical properties of the mixtures is promising for use in the development of water-dispersion emulsion compositions for impregnating technical fabrics and obtaining composite materials based on aqueous dispersions of petroleum bitumen and epoxy-diane oligomer. For citation: Yakavets N.V., Krut’ko N.P., Luksha O.V., Kulbitskaya L.V. Physicochemical properties of epoxy-diane oligomer in the presence of rapeseed oil. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2026. V. 69. N 2. P. 111-119. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20266902.7291.

The transfer of livestock farming to an industrial basis and the construction of large pig and poultry complexes lead to a significant concentration of manure at such enterprises. A technology has been developed for deep processing of pig manure and chicken manure for their subsequent use as an organic component of complex organomineral fertilizers. One of the key stages of the proposed technology is the treatment of manure with chemical reagents, allowing to achieve the effect of its deodorization and disinfection. The developed technology makes it possible to obtain granulated organomineral fertilizers based on treated manure masses.

The aim of the work was to determine the influence of concentration and composition of polyfunctional additives consisting of surfactants and organic solvents (isopropyl alcohol and nephras C2) on the viscosity of high-resin heavy oil of the Ashalchinskoye field, which is a highly viscous colloidal disperse system. Viscosity measurements of the samples were carried out on Physica MCR 101 (Anton Paar) using a plate-to-plate instrument in the range of shear rate variation from 1 to 300 s-1. Dependences of effective viscosity on shear rate for the majority of the investigated systems indicate Newtonian flow behaviour, which is also confirmed by flow curves for all investigated heavy oil samples, i.e. the used additives are effective regulators of viscoelastic properties of the investigated oil. The viscosity of heavy oil decreases with increasing concentration of the studied additives, and the most effective additive (with concentration of 3 wt. %) based on surfactants with amino- and phosphate groups and easy-boiling solvent (de-aromatised catalytic reforming petrol) decreased oil viscosity by almost 47 %. As a result of comparing the effect of the studied polyfunctional additives and industrial additives, which are a mixture of polar and non-polar hydrocarbons, on the viscosity of heavy oil, it was found that, as a rule, their efficiency index is higher, and, consequently, their ability to improve the rheological properties of oil is higher, which indicates the potential possibility of their use to facilitate the transportation and processing of highly viscous oil. This article may be of interest to those studying the rheological properties of highly viscous heavy oil systems.

A detailed study of the supramolecular structure of high molecular weight resinous-asphaltene substances (RAS) and the study of their stability to thermal-oxidative degradation processes in the presence of surfactants is a promising scientific direction and can become the basis for the development of additional oil treatment processes and, as a result, the intensification of thermal transformations of oil dispersed systems (ODS). In the work it has been established that the maximum modifying effect, which consists in reducing the amount of asphaltenes by 8–11 % and increasing the concentration of resins, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in the composition of the dispersion medium, is achieved by the interaction of ODS with octadecylpropylenediamine, alkyldiamine with the content of ethoxylated groups n = 3–6 and butyl coconut fatty alcohol ester with n = 10. This fact is due to a change in the geometric parameters of asphaltene nanoaggregates due to the adsorption of these surfactants on their surface. Thus, against the background of an increase in the interplanar distances of condensed aromatic layers dm from 3.66 to 3.85 Å and values of the intrachain distance from 5.71 to 5.80 Å, the average diameter of aromatic layers decreases by 0.67–2.36 Å and the average height of their pack by 1.52–2.64 Å, while the average number of layers in a pack is 5. Estimation of the results of thermal analysis indicates that the RAS thermograms have a similar form with three endoeffects with minima in the ranges of ~ 34.7–37.7 °C (I); 325.7–339.3 (II) and 434.8–438.7 °С (III) and one exoeffect with a maximum of ~ 460.5–475.3 °С (IV). With a decrease in the factor of crystallinity and aromaticity of RAS, their resistance to the processes of thermo-oxidative degradation in the temperature region of coke formation increases. The energy of thermal-oxidative destruction for modified systems by surfactants exceeds by 21.6 kJ/mol of this indicator for unmodified RAS and is 62.07 ÷ 66.13 kJ/mol.

The chemical composition of high-viscosity heavy oil has been studied by IR spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. It is found that characteristic absorption bands are available and characterize aliphatic structures and aromatic cycles, sulfur- and organophosphorus compounds, and the presence of compounds containing heteroatoms P, V, Ca, Pd, Ni, Ru, Mo, Fe, Cu and Zn in its composition is found. The method of rotational viscometry has established the Newtonian nature of the oil flow in the studied range of the velocity up to 300 s–1. At the same time, according to the densitometry results (ρ = 0.954 g/cm3 ), studied heavy oil belongs to the bituminous type characterized by a complex rheological behavior under long- and high-term deformation conditions. In order to regulate the studied oil viscosity properties, composite additives based on amphiphilic reagents of cationic and amphoteric type and organic solvents have been developed, their influence on dynamic and kinematic viscosity has been examined. It has been established that compositions with surfactants simultaneously containing a large amount of amino and phosphate groups dissolved in a non-polar aromatic solvent (toluene) or an organic mixture (catalytic reforming gasoline) have a maximum modifying effect of the colloidal structure of bituminous oil. The interaction of functional groups of amphiphilic reagents with oil heteroatoms leads to the dispersion of resinous-asphaltene substances, a decrease in the structural and mechanical strength of the system, an increase in the molecular mobility of aggregates, which results in improving the investigated oil quality and viscosity characteristics by 7.0 and 12.6 % according to the composition efficiency index.

The rheological properties of oxidized bitumen in the presence of fibrous materials based on cellulose and chrysotile asbestos used as stabilizing additives in the production of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete mixtures have been studied. It has been established that the supramolecular structure of fibers characterizing the interaction between macromolecules largely determines the effectiveness of their structuring action for oxidized bitumen. Thus, the introduction of cellulose fiber leads to an increase in the ability of the bitumen colloidal structure to the simultaneous occurrence of elastic and plastic components of deformation. This is due to the uniform distribution of the fiber in the dispersion medium of bitumen due to the penetration of hydrocarbon components of bitumen into the interfibrillary space of cellulose and the rupture of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups. Тhe presence of strong structural bonds between chrysotile-asbestos macromolecules prevents the formation of strong reinforcing mesh in bitumen oils. As a result, the values of the structural and rheological parameters Pk1, Pk2 and Pm of the bitumen/chrysotile-asbestos composition are 1.5–2 times lower compared to the values for the bitumen/cellulose composition. The results of the study of the group composition and structural-rheological properties of bitumen compositions after heating at T = 163 °C indicate a higher stability of the bitumen-cellulose structure to the processes of thermal oxidative degradation compared to the structure formed in the bitumen/chrysotile-asbestos composition. By the method of thin-layer chromatography, it was found that the concentration of oils in the bitumen/chrysotile-asbestos composition is higher as compared to the bitumen/cellulose composition, indicating that the weakening of rheological properties and thermal stability in the presence of chrysotile-asbestos is not related to the microstructure of its fibers, which, according to some researchers, is prone to selective diffusion of oils into the capillaries of fibrils.

Dependencies of the viscoelastic and thermodynamic properties of high-viscosity oil from the oil-gathering reservoir of the N-Korenevskoye and Denisovskoye fields on the degree of water cut and temperature have been established. Under the conditions of shear deformations and at comparable temperatures, the nature of the processes of structure formation of oil at a low degree of water cut is due to phase transitions of paraffins, which is consistent with the experimental data described in the literature for non-watered oils, indicating the identity of the nature of intermolecular interactions between non-watered oil and oil with a low degree of water cut. The maximum effect of the thermal method for reducing the viscosity of oil with a low degree of water cut can be achieved when it is heated to the paraffin melting point T m *, determined using the ln(η) = f (1/T) dependence. The peculiarity of the rheological behavior of high-water-cut oil is due to an increase in the energy of intermolecular interaction, which in the entire temperature range is practically comparable to E act1 of low-water cut oil at T <T m *, which is associated with the formationn of invert emulsions stabilized by interphase layers of asphaltene molecules. It is shown that an increase in temperature and shear deformations contribute to a decrease in the values of the effective viscosity of low and high water cut oil; however, the destruction of their colloidal structure does not occur in the entire range investigated. The loss of aggregate and kinetic stability of high-viscosity watered oil is achieved in the presence of a surfactant composition based on Sorbital C-20 and a sodium salt of alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, which causes the desorption of “natural stabilizers” from the oil-water interface and, as a consequence, the coalescence of water droplets.

The work is devoted to obtaining concentrated water-in-oil emulsions (emulsions of II type, inverse emulsions) with a mixed organic phase (hydrocarbons from diesel fuel and fusel oil), stabilized by surface-active compositions based on carboxylic acids and amine-containing compounds. The use of water-fuel emulsions based on liquid hydrocarbons is promising for reduction of costs in the petrochemical industry, energy saving increase and improvement of the environment by disposing of waste from alcohols distillation. The emulsions do not lose quality during long-term storage and are able to burn with high thermal efficiency. The synthesized surfactants used as emulsion stabilizers were studied by IR spectroscopy. For them, the surface tension isotherms were obtained by the tensiometric method, their colloid-chemical characteristics were determined (the critical concentration of micellization and the corresponding surface tension of an aqueous solution, the maximum adsorption at the solution-air interface, the Gibbs free energy of adsorption, the area per molecule or ion in the surface layer, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance), their emulsifying ability was evaluated. Visual microscopic observation of the structure of the obtained emulsions was carried out. The stability of emulsions at various temperatures and during long-term storage has been studied.

Influence of cooling and mixing rate on the process of schoenite crystallization from saturated salt solutions was investigated in laboratory conditions. It was established that as the system’s cooling rate and mixing speed increase, a significant decrease of the induction period of schoenite crystallization is observed. Fivefold increase of the cooling rate increases sizes of schoenite crystals by an average of 2.5–3.0. Mixing rate increase leads to the formation of a fine crystalline precipitate (crystal size 10−20 μ m).

Rheological properties and concentration cross-overs of nonionic polyacrylamide and anionic acrylamide copolymers in saline solutions (sodium and potassium chlorides) of different concentration (0.07 and 3.4 mol/l) were investigated using the capillary viscometer method. It is shown that increasing the content of ionic groups of macromolecules reduces crossover concentration. The area of non-overlapping coils between the crossover concentration and the concentration of fluctuation mesh formation was determined for polyelectrolytes; it was shown that with increasing salt concentration this area practically disappears, i.e. the mass transfer mechanism changes near crossover concentration as in the saline solution of nonionic polyacrylamide. An effective volume of polymer macromolecules is higher in the sodium chloride solution than in the potassium chloride solution; for polyelectrolytes, it is higher than for nonionic polymers and grows with increasing the number of ionic groups of polyelectrolyte macromolecules.

Change in the dispersity, microstructure, and adsorption properties of mesoporous magnesium hydroxide powders synthesized by the precipitation method from solutions upon introduction of surfactants and under the action of microwave and ultrasonic irradiation was studied. Highly dispersed nanostructured Mg(OH) 2 powders were obtained with average sizes of primary and secondary particles of, respectively, 13–27 and 180–383 nm. The specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of the samples under study varied, depending on the preparation conditions, within the ranges 86–98 m 2 g –1 , 0.491–0.737 cm 3 g –1 , and 24–32 nm, respectively. It was shown that highly dispersed mesoporous magnesium hydroxide powders can be directionally synthesized by the precipitation method, which opens up wide opportunities for their application as nanoreactors for synthesis of nanosize isolated particles and development of poly-path catalysts on their basis.

There is a trend in the world for production growth of hardly recoverable heavy oils and bitumen with high content of resin-asphaltene substances that precipitate when aggregated, causing stability loss of oil dispersies. The goal of this work is to establish regularities for the effect of oil soluble surfactant additives containing the polar functional groups of different chemical nature on the processes of flocculation and sedimentation of model oil dispersions. Methods emplоyed are infrared spectroscopy, turbidimetric titration and dispersion analysis. It has been found that the domestically produced surfactant additive containing both amino and phosphate groups in the chain causes synergistic effect, due to simultaneous action of these functional groups, that slows down flocculation processes (efficiency is 108%) and sedimentation of model oil dispersions, which is confirmed by 13 times reduction of rates and sedimentation constants and 1.6–3.2 times decrease of associate size for resin-asphaltene substances. This results in the increase of aggregative and kinetic stability of the colloidal system. It has been shown that the additive is an effective flocculation inhibitor and dispersing agent for oil dispersion systems, that can be recommended for practical application as a substitute for expensive imported analogues.

Magnesium oxide has found applications as adsorbent, catalyst and ideutifier of the contamination of chemicals and toxic substances in the processes of water and gases purification. In this work, mesoporous magnesium hydroxide and oxide were synthesized from water solutions by easy and cheap wet chemistry method. Crystal structure, particle size distribution and adsorption properties of the synthesized powders were studied. Obtained powders of Mg(OH)2 and MgO showed sufficiently high total pore volume – 0.737 and 1.038 cm3 /g, respectively, which opens an opportunity to use them as nanoreactors for the synthesis of isolated nanosized particles and multidirection catalysts.

Colloid-chemical properties of water solutions of compositions of surfactants of different nature are studied. The synergetic effects for the compositions of cationic/anionic surfactants and cationic/non-ionized surfactants at micellization and adsorption are found. It has been found that the maximal synergism of action, showing up in a decrease of surface tension, is offered by the composition of cationic/anionic surfactants in the component 4 : 1. This fact stipulates the efficiency of its dispersive action and its capacity of forming on the surface of particles the dispersible phase of oil slime of the structured layer, possessing maximum elasticity and mechanical strength, as compared to the molecules of cationic and non-ionized surfactants. Water dispersions of oil slime obtained with the use of the composition of cationic and anionic surfactants are the aggregative and kinetically stabilized dispersions of direct type.

FTIR spectroscopy analysis of the organic reagent content (a mixture of amine to extract oil) in samples of potassium chloride was done and the main metrological characteristics were determined. To improve the accuracy of the analysis of the spectral data on the processing and construction of calibration curves, it is proposed to use second-degree non-linear polynomial equations and to take into account the optical density of several absorption bands.

A study has been made of the influence of an ultradisperse carbonaceous product, i.e., detonation-synthesis nanodiamonds, on the structure and properties of nanocomposites based on ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene using electron microscopy and acoustic, electrophysical, thermomechanical, and x-ray phase analysis methods It has been shown that a diamond blend is a structurally active filler of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, which changes the crystalline and supermolecular structure of the polymer during its melt crystallization under the conditions of uniaxial plastic deformation. The developed polymer nanocomposites based on ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, which contain 0.5–0.25 wt.% of the diamond blend, possess higher than average indices of hardness, modulus of elasticity, and electrical conductivity manifested to a larger extent in the frequency range 1–10 kHz, a low friction factor (0.15–0.18), and high resistance to wear under dry-friction conditions (the wear rate is 10–4–10–5 mg/m).