Приведены результаты сополимеризации а - галогенов акриловой кислоты с N - винилпирролидоном в присутствии аминирующих агентов, при низких температурах в органической среде. ИК-спектры полученных сополимеров подтверждают реакцию аминирования. Исследованы зависимости приведенной вязкости водных растворов синтезированных полимеров и наблюдается «полиэлектролитное набухание». Синтезированные аминированные полимеры образовывают внутрикомплексные соединения с галогенидами двухвалентных металлов при комнатной температуре. В работе описываются первые попытки получения новых нанокомпозиционных материалов на основе синтезированных сополимеров и модифицированного монтмориллонита. Анализ литературных данных показывает, что особенности получения нанокомпозитов на основе Na - монтмориллонита и водорастворимых сополимеров ранее не изучались. The paper presents results on copolymerization of a-halogens acrylic acid and N - vinylpyrrolidone in the presence of aminating agents at low temperatures in an organic environment. The IR spectra of the obtained copolymers confirm the amination reaction. The dependences of the reduced viscosity of synthesized polymers aqueous solutions were studied and a «polyelectrolyte swelling» was observed. The synthesized aminated polymers form internal complex compounds with divalent metal halides at room temperature. This paper describes the first attempts to obtain new nanocomposite materials based on synthesized copolymers and modified montmorillonite. Analysis of the literature data shows that the features of obtaining nanocomposites based on Na -montmorillonite and water-soluble copolymers have not been studied before.

The article deals with the study of influence of the synthesis conditions on the molecular weight of polyaryleneetherketones (PAEK), received with nucleophilic substitution reaction of activated aryl halide. The synthesis of PAEK with the nucleophilic substitution reaction carried out as partially hydrolyzed homopolycondensation of phenolates and aromatic dihalides containing a carbonyl group in the molecule and derivatives of polycondensation of aromatic bisphenols with activated aromatic dihalides, and aromatic nitro compounds. The nucleophilic substitution of halogen in aryldihalogens proceeds through formation of Meisenheimer complex, where the negative charge of the electron-electron ring stabilizes the group. The high efficiency of the synthesis of PAEK with nucleophilic substitution reaction is mainly determined with several factors, the main of which are: 1) the structure of the starting monomers; 2) the nature of the solvent; 3) the nature of phenolate; 4) side reactions. For these materials it was revealed that the ratio of nucleophilic and electrophilic reagents has pronounced effect on the molecular weight of the obtained polymer, without affecting the poly dispersion. PAEK synthesis processes are optimized by controlling the replacement of some of the monomers, the temperature and concentration of reactants change. It was shown that the polyarylene ether ketones and copolymers have a high thermal heat resistance, mechanical properties. They show considerable heat resistance in air, capable of forming a transparent film and melts. Thus, data of literature review show that the nucleophilic substitution reaction is promising for PAEK synthesis of various chemical structures and produces polymers having valuable properties.

Aromatic polyether ether ketones are polymers whose volume of production is now increasing at a rapid rate, which is due to the important array of service properties of these polymers. Certain processing characteristics of composites based on polyether ether ketones are considered in this paper.

The key methods for polyphenylene sulfide production are discussed in this study. The mechanisms for the main and side reactions taking place during polyphenylene sulfide synthesis are presented. The effect of different factors on the course of polyphenylene sulfide production is demonstrated; these factors are found to play a crucial role in formation of polymers with linear and cyclic macromolecular structure. An efficient method for high-temperature synthesis of polyphenylene sulfide in a high-boiling point solvent is proposed. The resulting polyphenylene sulfide is characterized by high values of heat resistance, thermal stability, and melting point.

Composites based on polyhydroxy ether and graphite of industrial grades MPG and GL were produced and investigated. Methods were developed for introducing graphite into the polymer matrix. It was shown that preliminary oxidative surface treatment of the graphite leads to the selective adsorption of monomers on its surface, which lowers the rate of the reaction in situ during the production of the composites. It was shown that the method for introducing the graphite and the amount of the latter have a considerable influence on the properties of the composite obtained.

Publications dedicated to cyclic oligoesters based on cyclic butylene terephthalate were analyzed and summarized. The features of their preparation and structure and their properties were considered with a special focus on advantages and disadvantages of the methods of their preparation: polycondensation at high dilution and depolymerization. The prospects of application of cyclic butylene terephthalate for polymer nanocomposite production were demonstrated. A development strategy for this research area was suggested.

Introducing the filler nanoparticles into a polymer matrix is shown to not necessarily favor the formation of a true nanomaterial (nanocomposite). For this, a certain nanofiller structure has to be achieved in the polymer matrix. In polymer/organoclay nanocomposites it can be attained only by forming an exfoliated organoclay structure. A transition from micro-to nanocomposite under other similar conditions is accompanied by a drastic increase (by several times) in the elastic modulus.

The regularities of branching and thermal destruction processes of polysulfones of different chemical structure at 150–500°С are studied depending on the nature of the reactive medium and blocking method of the terminal groups with the use of a special device for a gas chromatograph allowing one to investigate the branching and thermal destruction of polymers. It is found that the nature of the solvent and deactivator of the terminal hydroxyl groups substantially affects the crosslinking and destruction processes of polysulfones.

It has been shown that miscibility level of polymer blend is defined by their structural state. Interdiffusion and compactization of macromolecular coils of blend components is realized for miscible blends. It has been components can be served as their miscibility characteristic. Deformability of miscible blends is larger then nonmiscible ones.

Blending of polymers is a method for obtaining new materials with improved properties. Numerous studies have been carried out to characterize the structure, morphology, mechanical, thermal, and rheological behavior of polypropylene blends. The main ways to increasing the compatibility of polymer blends containing polypropylene as one of the components are considered. An important role of polymer compatibilization with the use of a third component is underlined. This article is a review of research on polypropylene blends.

The diffusion cell to a Tsvet-800 chromatograph for determining the gas permeability of polymeric materials has been optimised. The oxygen permeability and the carbon dioxide permeability of polymer composites based on polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate have been studied. The optimum compositions, combining high barrier properties and a low acetaldehyde content, have been found.

Aromatic polyetheretherketones refer to those polymers whose production capacity is currently growing rapidly, due to a whole set of important performance properties of these polymers. This paper examines some of the technological characteristics of composites based on polyetheretherketones.

Ring-shaped carbon nanotubes have been simulated as macromolecular coils in the context of the fractal physical chemistry of polymer solutions k]The dependence of the interfacial adhesion level in polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites on the structure of the above composites k]characterized by its fractal dimension k]has been shown k]The validity of this interpretation has been confirmed via a description of the degree of reinforcement of nanocomposites within the reinforcement molecular model.

It is shown that the introduction, into a polymer matrix, of filler particles, whose initial dimensions are in the nanometer range do not necessarily lead to the formation of a true nanomaterial (nanocomposite). To achieve this object, a definite structure of the filler in the polymer matrix is required. In the case of nanostructured polymer/organoclay composites, the true nanocomposite can be obtained only on condition there is an exfoliated organoclay structure. The transition from microcomposites to true nanocomposites under other things being equal is accompanied by a great (several times) increase in the elastic modulus.

A structural interpretation of the catalytic action of carbon nanotubes on the curing of epoxy polymers is proposed. It is based on the fractal analysis ideas. It is shown that essentially the only factor determining the kinetics of the curing process is the microgel structure characterized by its fractal dimension. The most important conclusion from the obtained results is the fact that the reaction rate dependences on the structural parameters are described by the same correlation for the epoxy polymer curing reaction both in the presence and absence of carbon nanotubes. This means that the catalytic effect of carbon nanotubes consists in a change in the structure of microgels.

In this work, mechanisms of aggregation of carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites are studied. This class of nanofillers exhibits two types of aggregations: formation of bunches or ringlike nanotube structures. The ultrasound is found to affect only the second type of aggregation, which is manifested in a strong (almost by an order of magnitude) increase in the radius of the carbon ringlike nanotube structures. This effect occurs only below the nanofiller percolation threshold.

In this chapter, new effective inhibitors oxidative degradation of polymeric materials, are obtained in particular high-density polyethylene, which are not inferior to industrial known stabilizers.