AIMS:Transthoracic echocardiography is widely used to assess the volume status of patients with coronary heart disease combined with heart failure (CHD-HF) because of its noninvasive and convenient nature. Inferior vena cava (IVC) measurement is a commonly used alternative method for evaluating central venous pressure. This study analyzed the specific clinical applications of IVC diameter (IVCD) and collapse index (IVCCI) in assessing the cardiac dysfunction severity and prognosis of CHD-HF patients. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 340 CHD patients treated at our hospital between January 2021 and March 2023. Patients were categorized into CHD (n = 123) and CHD-HF (n = 217) groups. Ultrasound measurements of IVCD and IVCCI were performed, and 2-year follow-up data were compiled to record cardiovascular re-hospitalization and all-cause death. Spearman or Pearson was utilized for correlation analysis. ROC analysis was used for performance analysis, and Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were harnessed for survival analysis. RESULTS:CHD-HF patients showed increased IVCD and decreased IVCCI. CHD-HF patients experiencing cardiovascular re-hospitalization or all-cause death exhibited elevated IVCD and reduced IVCCI. IVCD (AUC = 0.715, 95%CI = 0.638-0.792, cut-off = 14.15 mm; AUC = 0.795, 95%CI = 0.732-0.858, cut-off = 13.04 mm) and IVCCI (AUC = 0.790, 95%CI = 0.726-0.853, cut-off = 51.47%; AUC = 0.731, 95%CI = 0.661-0.801, cut-off = 50.00%) demonstrated high predictive values for cardiovascular re-hospitalization and all-cause death in CHD-HF patients. IVCD (HR = 1.124, 95%CI = 1.056-1.196; HR = 1.139, 95%CI = 1.078-1.203) and IVCCI (HR = 0.959, 95%CI = 0.921-0.999; HR = 0.956, 95%CI = 0.921-0.992) were both independently associated with cardiovascular re-hospitalization and all-cause death in CHD-HF patients. CONCLUSION:IVCD and IVCCI effectively predict cardiovascular re-hospitalization and all-cause death in CHD-HF patients.

BACKGROUND:Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) combined with atrial fibrillation (AF) has become a significant clinical challenge. This study evaluates surgical treatment strategies based on the degree of MR and rhythm control therapy for patients with AFMR and AF. METHODS:This retrospective study included 145 patients with AF and MR from January 2017 to January 2023. Patients were grouped as follows: moderate atrial regurgitation (n=33), severe atrial regurgitation (SAR, n=56), and severe primary regurgitation (SPR, n=56). The group with moderate atrial regurgitation underwent thoracoscopic AF procedure with a unilateral approach, and the SAR and SPR groups received mitral valvuloplasty plus the Cox-Maze IV procedure. Descriptive characteristics and treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS:At an average follow-up of 2.6±1.1 years, 23 patients in the group with moderate atrial regurgitation maintained sinus rhythm. MR improved in 26 patients, remained unchanged in 6 patients, and worsened in 1 patient. Sinus rhythm maintenance was associated with MR reduction (P=0.0002). The rate of sinus rhythm maintenance in the groups with SAR and SPR was similar (SAR 79.6%, SPR 87.5%). Echocardiography in the group with SAR showed 47 patients with no MR, 4 with mild MR, and 1 with moderate MR. The left atrial diameter in the group with SAR remained larger than in the group with SPR (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Rhythm control therapy is essential for treating AFMR with AF. The thoracoscopic AF procedure is effective and minimally invasive for moderate AFMR. For severe AFMR, Cox-Maze IV combined with mitral valvuloplasty provides optimal safety and effectiveness.

AbstractBackgroundWith the growing prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) combined with AF is expected to become a common clinical issue. We have summarized various surgical treatment strategies based on the degree of mitral regurgitation (MR) alongside rhythm control therapy for patients with AFMR and AF.MethodsThis retrospective study included 145 patients with AF and MR from January 2017 to January 2023. 33 patients with AF and moderate AFMR were designated as the moderate atrial regurgitation (MAR) group. 56 patients with AF and severe AFMR were designated as the severe atrial regurgitation (SAR) group. The remaining 56 patients with AF and severe primary MR were designated as the severe primary regurgitation (SPR) group. All patients in the MAR group underwent thoracoscopic AF procedure via a unilateral approach. Patients in the SAR and SPR groups underwent mitral valvuloplasty plus the Cox Maze IV procedure (CMP IV). Descriptive characteristics and outcomes were analysed.ResultsTwenty-three patients maintained sinus rhythm (SR) following thoracoscopic AF procedure in the MAR group at average 2.6±1.1 years follow-up. The degree of regurgitation improved in 26 patients, remained unchanged in 6 patients, and worsened in 1 patient. SR maintenance benefits MR reduction (P<0.0001) compared to the non-SR patients. There was no significant difference in the rate of SR maintenance following mitral valvuloplasty plus CMP IV between SAR (43 patients, 79.6%) and SPR (49 patients, 87.5%) groups. At the last follow-up, echocardiography in the SAR group showed 47 cases with no mitral regurgitation, 4 cases with mild regurgitation, and 1 case with moderate regurgitation. The left atrial diameter in the SAR group remained larger than in the SPR group (P<0.001).ConclusionsRhythm control therapy is the cornerstone treatment for AFMR patients with AF. Thoracoscopic AF procedure is effective and minimally invasive for moderate AFMR patients with AF. For severe AFMR patients with AF, we recommend CMP IV plus mitral valvuloplasty for safety and effectiveness.

Background:Thoracoscopic ablation (TA) has emerged as a promising treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), with the Cox-Maze IV Procedure (CMP-IV) as the current gold-standard intervention. This study aims to evaluate and compare the outcomes of TA and CMP-IV in treating AF.Methods:Patients with AF underwent either CMP-IV or TA through a left-side chest approach. The CMP-IV entailed bi-atrium ablation, whereas the TA involved creating three circular plus three linear ablations in the left atrium. We analyzed baseline characteristics, perioperative outcomes and recurrence rates using propensity score matching (PSM) at a 1:1 ratio, to ensure comparability between the two treatment groups.Results:A total of 459 patients underwent either CMP-IV (n=93) or TA via left chest (n=366) and 174 patients were deemed eligible for 1:1 PSM. The TA group experienced significantly shorter intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays. The mean follow-up period was 31.5±22.1 months. Pre- and post-matching analysis showed that CMP-IV had a higher rate of freedom from recurrence compared to TA, particularly in non-paroxysmal AF patients. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that CMP-IV was associated with a reduced risk of recurrence, while an increased left atrial size emerged as an independent predictor of postoperative recurrence, regardless of the use of CMP-IV or TA.Conclusions:Our study suggests that while the therapeutic efficacy of TA for "lone" AF may fall short of the classic CMP-IV, its less invasive nature results in significantly shorter ICU and hospital stays. To enhance patient outcomes following TA, it is essential to improve the quality of ablation, refine the ablation route, and focus on careful patient selection.

Objective:To study the influence of Mei mini maze procedure for atrial functional mitral regurgitation.Methods:The data of 33 patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial functional mitral regurgitation from January 2017 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received Mei mini maze procedure for atrial fibrillation. The procedure is carried out thoracoscopically through the left thoracic approach. The ablation of atrial fibrillation includes bilateral circumferential pulmonary vein ablation, isolation of the left atrium posterior wall, left atrial appendage resection, ablation of Marshall's ligament and autonomic ganglion, etc. Follow-up was conducted by outpatient follow-up and telephone. Postoperative heart rhythm was recorded by the patient's symptoms, electrocardiogram, 24 h holter and other examinations. Postoperative mitral valve lesions were obtained by echocardiography.Results:33 patients successfully completed the operation. There was no conversion to thoracotomy and no perioperative death. Thirty patients(90.9%) maintained sinus rhythm at discharge. Before discharge, 16 patients had no mitral regurgitation in echocardiography, 8 patients had mild mitral regurgitation, and 9 patients had moderate mitral regurgitation. Follow-up was 1-4 years after discharge, with a mean of(2.6±1.1) years. Sinus rhythm was maintained in 23 patients(69.7%). 17 patients had no mitral regurgitation, 9 had mild mitral regurgitation, 6 had moderate, and 1 had severe mitral regurgitation. The degree of regurgitation in 25 patients was reduced compared with pre-operation, 5 patients remained unchanged, and 3 patients mitral regurgitation aggravated. Unreduced atrial functional mitral regurgitation was associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation by Cox multivariate analysis.Conclusion:This study found a close relationship between atrial fibrillation rhythm and atrial functional mitral regurgitation. Most moderate atrial functional mitral regurgitation can be alleviated by effective treatment for atrial fibrillation. It is not recommended that patients with severe atrial functional mitral regurgitation only receive treatment for atrial fibrillation.

目的 总结我院近15年儿童主动脉瓣手术经验.方法 回顾性分析2007年至2022年上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院收治的16岁以内所有包含主动脉瓣手术的患儿55例,总结疾病特点,整理手术资料,并分析预后.结果 本组男性39例,女性16例.平均年龄(10.8±4.5)岁.主动脉瓣病因包括36例原发性病变,4例感染性心内膜炎,9例心脏术后相关,3例合并先心病,3例风湿性心脏病.本组病例置换主动脉机械瓣44例,其中7例患者行根部加宽;修复11例(交界切开6例,交界悬吊1例,瓣叶穿孔修补3例,瓣叶置换1例).全组主动脉阻断时间(79.4±43.2)min,体外循环时间(128.2±59.6)min.围术期死亡1例(1.8％),死亡原因循环衰竭.随访0.2～15.0年,修复患者中2例于4年、5年后接受了主动脉瓣置换.全组随访中2例死亡,Kaplan-Meier曲线分析提示5年生存率92.5％.存活患者心功能良好.结论 主动脉机械瓣置换可在儿童中安全开展,合适病例选择主动脉瓣成形疗效良好,能延缓再手术时机.

Background Intracardiac septal defect is repaired using median sternotomy in most centers; however, there are several reports using minimally invasive surgery in both children and adults. This study summarized our strategy of minimally invasive therapy using various lateral mini-thoracotomies in patients with congenital septal defect. Methods In this study, 472 patients who underwent minimally invasive repair of intracardiac septal defects (atrial septal defect, (ASD), ventricular septal defect, (VSD), and atrioventricular septal defect, (AVSD)) from January 2012 to June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Those who underwent device closure were excluded. The minimally invasive strategy included three groups: the right sub-axillary vertical incision (RSAVI) group (N = 335, including192 ASDs, 135 VSDs and 8 AVSDs); the right anterolateral thoracotomy (RALT) group (N = 132, including 77 ASDs, 51 VSDs and 4 AVSDs); and the left anterolateral thoracotomy (LALT) group (N = 5, all subpulmonary VSDs). Results Concomitant surgeries included nine cases of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction relief, nine cases of mitral repairs and 37 cases of tricuspid repairs. There was one transition from thoracotomy to sternotomy. Three patients required second pump run for residual lesions (two residual VSD shunts and one mitral regurgitation). The age and body weight of the RSAVI group were significantly lower than those of the RALT and LALT groups (all P < 0.01). No postoperative death was observed. Postoperative complications included one case of chest exploration for bleeding, one case of reoperation due to patch dehiscence during the same admission, one case of transient neural dysfunction, three cases of diaphragmatic paresis and 13 cases of atelectasis. The median stay in the intensive care unit was two days, while the median postoperative hospitalization duration was six days. The echocardiography results before discharge indicated no significant residual lesions. No reoperation, no new onset of chest deformities and no sclerosis were observed during the follow-up. Conclusions Intracardiac septal defects can be safely and effectively repaired by minimally invasive surgery with good cosmetic results. RSAVI is suitable in infants and children, while RALT is more commonly used in adolescents and adults. LALT is an alternative incision to repair subpulmonary VSD.

目的 总结使用主动脉根部全间断褥式缝合联合内引流技术治疗A型主动脉夹层的早中期结果.方法 回顾2018年6月至2020年12月我科行A型主动脉夹层手术患者46例.根据主动脉根部处理方式分为三组:根部间断缝合组18例,根部置换组(Bentall和Cabrol术组)17例,根部连续缝合组11例.对比三组间术前资料、围术期及随访结果.结果 全组男性32例(69.6％),年龄(57.2±11.9)岁,发病24 h内急诊手术29例(63％).三组之间性别、年龄无明显差异,手术时机、术前心功能无差异,主动脉根部替换组术前窦部直径显著高于其他两组[置换组(44.2±8.3)mm,间断组(35.9±3.2)mm,连续组(35.9±4.0)mm,P<0.01)],主动脉瓣反流程度也更严重.35例患者全弓置换,8例行半弓置换,3例未行弓部手术.主动脉阻断时间(121.5±23.7)min,体外循环时间(262.2±78.8)min,根部置换组时间较长.存活39例(84.8％),三组之间死亡率、术后ICU停留天数、输血量、术后住院时间无显著差异.随访3月～3年,无轻度以上主动脉瓣反流,心功能良好;随访CTA结果良好.结论 主动脉根部间断缝合联合内引流的方法操作简单、可复制性强,近期手术效果与其他方法相当,可作为现有手术方法的一种补充.

BACKGROUND:To summarize the safety and effect of minimally invasive surgery for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with significant mitral regurgitation through a single transaortic approach via right minithoracotomy.METHODS:From 2008 to 2017, 51 HOCM patients with significant mitral regurgitation underwent minimally invasive surgery via right minithoracotomy. Preoperative peak left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOTPG) was 96.53 ± 28.72 mm Hg. Preoperative average interventricular septum thickness was 24.31 ± 3.52 mm. All patients had significant mitral regurgitation with systolic anterior motion phenomenon. An oblique incision was made on the anterior wall of ascending aorta or aortic root. Modified Morrow procedure and edge-to-edge mitral valvuloplasty were performed through the single transaortic approach via right minithoracotomy.RESULTS:All patients successfully underwent the minimally invasive surgery through the single transaortic approach via right minithoracotomy. At discharge, postoperative peak LVOTPG (18.16 ± 6.41 mm Hg) and interventricular septum thickness (14.33 ± 1.99 mm) were significantly decreased compared with preoperative values (P < .05). All patients had no or trivial mitral regurgitation. The average peak mitral valve pressure gradient was 3.39 ± 1.82 mm Hg. Systolic anterior motion phenomenon disappeared in all patients. During follow-up, peak LVOTPG was 19.27 ± 6.10 mm Hg; average interventricular septum thickness was 14.67 ± 1.87 mm. All patients had no or trivial mitral regurgitation. Average peak mitral valve pressure gradient was 3.04 ± 1.52 mm Hg. No systolic anterior motion phenomenon occurred.CONCLUSIONS:Minimally invasive surgery of modified Morrow procedure and edge-to-edge mitral valvuloplasty through a single transaortic approach via right minithoracotomy could be safely and effectively applied for patients with HOCM and significant mitral regurgitation, which could also effectively eliminate systolic anterior motion phenomenon and without mitral valve stenosis.

目的 研究应用吸入一氧化氮(iNO)治疗急性A型主动脉夹层(acute typeA aortic dissection,ATAAD)手术后严重低氧血症的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年12月我院手术的ATAAD患者资料,排除术后72h内病死、术后卒中和截瘫患者,共48例严重低氧血症(氧合指数＜100 mm Hg)患者入组.2018年9月之前采用常规疗法,共28例,归入CON组;2018年10月之后应用吸入一氧化氮治疗共20例,归入iNO组,该组除了常规方法外给予吸入体积分数为5×10-6的一氧化氮.结果 两组术前资料、术中手术方式、时间和输血量等均无统计学差异.术后CON组低氧血症改善缓慢,iNO组氧合指数上升明显加快.术后早期病死率iNO组(10％)与CON组(10.7％)相比差异无统计意义.iNO组机械通气时间(87.3±13.1)h低于CON组(128.5±16.6)h,ICU停留时间iNO组(12.1±1.57)d低于CON组(14.4±1.93)d,术后住院时间iNO组(19.8±1.64)d短于CON组(21.4±1.93)d.结论 iNO治疗ATAAD术后严重低氧血症安全有效,可显著促进患者氧合功能改善和缩短气管插管呼吸机使用时间.

目的 本文旨在探讨左室射血分数(LVEF)降低的高龄冠心病合并心房颤动(房颤)患者在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)中同期处理左心耳的手术技巧及效果评价.方法 纳入2013～ 2018年,84例OPCABGLVEF降低(＜50％)的高龄(年龄≥70岁)冠心病合并房颤患者在我科行非体外循环冠脉搭桥术.男54例、女30例,年龄70～82岁.将患者分为左心耳闭合组(n=56)和左心耳未闭合组(n=28),左心耳闭合组术后前3个月予以华法林+阿司匹林+氯吡格雷“三联抗栓”,3个月后改为长期服用阿司匹林+氯吡格雷“双联抗血小板”;左心耳未闭合组术后长期予以华法林+阿司匹林+氯吡格雷“三联抗栓”.比较两组患者临床效果.结果 全部患者均顺利完成手术.左心耳闭合组应用切割闭合器闭合左心耳44例,应用心耳夹闭合左心耳12例;左心耳闭合时间3～8 min,全组无桥血管及吻合口损伤现象.术后早期死亡2例(2.4％).术后住院时间6～18d,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.115).出院前复查心脏功能显示两组患者术后LVEF均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).住院期间无脑卒中及重要脏器出血表现.82例出院患者随访1年时,两组均无脑梗死发生,但左心耳闭合组出血相关并发症发生率明显低于左心耳未闭合组(3.6％ vs.18.5％,P=0.036).结论 LVEF降低的高龄冠心病合并房颤患者在OPCABG中同期闭合左心耳可有效降低脑卒中及出血相关并发症的发生风险,且不会增加手术风险,正确合理的手术技巧可以保证手术顺利进行.

目的 对比分析骨骼化或带蒂游离乳内动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用效果,总结相关经验.方法 回顾性分析2015年9月至2016年7月,在我院心胸外科采用骨骼化(77例)或带蒂(85例)游离技术获取左乳内动脉(left internal mammary artery,LIMA)行冠状动脉旁路移植术的162例患者的临床资料.所有患者术中LIMA均端侧吻合到左前降支(left anterior descending,LAD).分析两组患者的LIMA获取时间、术中LIMA桥血流量、术中LIMA桥搏动指数PI、术后前3天每日胸腔引流量及术后随访1年时的LIMA桥通畅率.结果 所有患者均顺利完成LIMA至LAD的冠状动脉旁路移植手术.骨骼化组获取LIMA的时间略长于带蒂组[(33.8±4.7)min比(26.6±4.1)min,P<0.05];但骨骼化组术中LIMA桥血流量明显优于带蒂组[(36.9±20.1)ml/min比(28.6±17.2)ml/min,P<0.05]而两组术中LIMA桥搏动指数无明显差异(3.1±1.2比2.9±0.8,P>0.05).骨骼化组术后前3天引流量均明显少于带蒂组(P<0.05).术后随访到1年时的LIMA桥血管通畅率为100％.结论 骨骼化游离乳内动脉可安全、有效地应用于冠状动脉旁路移植术中,近中期效果满意.与带蒂游离乳内动脉相比,骨骼化组术中LIMA桥血流量更好,术后早期胸腔引流量也更少,但骨骼化组获取LIMA的时间略长.

目的 总结左胸微创切口在儿童干下型室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect,VSD)直视修补术中的应用方法,并评价临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2015年10月至2019年4月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院心胸外科21例干下型VSD儿童的临床资料,其中男13例、女8例,年龄5～13(9.1±2.2)岁,体重22～55(35.6±9.5)kg.VSD最大直径4～15 (9.1±3.3)mm,术前合并主动脉瓣右冠瓣轻度脱垂8例,主动脉瓣轻到轻中度关闭不全4例.取左侧第2或第3肋间胸骨旁横切口进胸,股动、静脉插管建立体外循环,阻断升主动脉后,在肺动脉瓣上横行切开肺动脉,根据VSD大小、形态直接缝合或补片修补干下型VSD.出院前及随访常规复查经胸超声心动图评价VSD修补效果及主动脉瓣开闭情况.结果 全组患儿均顺利经左胸微创切口完成VSD直视修补术,无转为正中开胸手术者.VSD修补方法:补片修补(n=15),直接缝合(n=6).体外循环时间45 ～ 68(57.1±6.3)min,主动脉阻断时间23 ～ 40(32.6±4.7)min,术后呼吸机辅助时间5～9(6.3±1.3)h,术后24 h胸腔引流量33～105(57.5±17.7)mL,术后住院时间5～8(5.7±1.0)d.出院前及随访复查经胸超声心动图提示VSD闭合良好,无VSD残余漏;主动脉瓣轻度关闭不全1例.围术期及随访无死亡病例,无房室传导阻滞、切口愈合不良、胸廓畸形等并发症发生.结论 左胸微创切口可安全、有效地应用于儿童干下型VSD直视修补术中,早、中期治疗效果满意.

目的 比较主动脉夹层手术中应用del Nido心脏停搏液和传统心脏停搏液的心肌保护效果.方法 回顾性总结分析2017年7月至2019年12月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院63例主动脉夹层手术的临床资料,根据应用的心脏停搏液不同分两组,应用del Nido心脏停搏液(DN组)33例,应用传统心脏停搏液(传统组)30例.DN组用del Nido晶体液与氧合血按4:1混合(4份晶体1份血),灌注量20 ml/kg,最大不超过1L.主动脉阻断时间超过90 min再次灌注300ml.传统组应用4:1含血冷晶体改良St.Thomas液(4份血1份晶体),灌注量15 ml/kg.每隔20～30 min灌注一次(7.5ml/kg).结果 两组术前一般资料差异无统计学意义.术中体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间传统组较长,但差异无统计学意义.停搏液灌注次数和灌注耗时传统组显著高于DN组.自动复搏率两组相近,DN组94％,传统组97％.术后早期(30天内)病死率DN组(6.1％)与传统组(6.7％)无差异.术后第1天血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ DN组(4.10±0.65)ng/ml与传统组(4.25±0.61)ng/ml无差异.术后低心排发生率、术后1天和出院前LVEF两组之间差异均无统计学意义.结论 主动脉夹层术中应用del Nido心脏停搏液可以达到满意的心肌保护效果.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the advantages of low toxicity and specificity, but photosensitizers usually fail to accumulate efficiently at the tumor site. In this study, a new multifunctional nano-drug delivery system was exploited by a biomimetic strategy to improve the PDT effects. The self-assembled methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulated with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) by microfluidics were employed as the nano-core, followed by coating red blood cell (RBC) membranes as the biomimetic agent to prolong the circulation time in vivo. In order to boost the therapeutic effect, doxorubicin (Dox) was preloaded into RBC nanovesicles. The cell membrane surface was modified with folic acid (FA) to further enhance the tumor targeting efficiency. The prepared biomimetic nanoparticles with a homogeneous size (70 nm) can trigger sufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to significant tumor ablation without side effects. In addition, the system had high tumor targeting efficiency, with an increase of 25% compared with no FA-modified nanoparticles. Therefore, this biomimetic multifunctional nanodrug delivery system possesses a prolonged circulation time and higher tumor targeting efficiency and can exert better tumor cytotoxicity for improved PDT due to homophilic targeting in vivo.

Primary cardiac tumors are rare and the majorities are benign. Conventional surgical treatment uses median sternotomy, while minimally invasive surgery from right anterolateral minithoracotomy has become an alternative method in recent years. In this study, we summarized the surgical outcomes of both approaches. From January 2008 to August 2018, 50 patients with primary benign cardiac tumors underwent either conventional or minimally invasive surgery in our department. The baseline data were collected. The peri-operative data and follow up results were compared between the two groups. There were19 men and 31 women enrolled in this study with a mean age of 55.0 ± 17.5 years. The most common site of the tumor was left atrium (n = 40, 80%), followed by right atrium (n = 8, 16.0%), right ventricle (n = 1, 2.0%) and left ventricle (n = 1, 2.0%). All patients underwent surgery uneventfully, including 33 cases (66.0%) of median sternotomy and 17 cases (34.0%) of right anterolateral minithoracotomy. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, postoperative intubation time, intensive care unit days and length of the hospital stay. Patients with right anterolateral minithoracotomy had less post-operative chest drainage (536 ± 159 vs 773 ± 255 ml, P < 0.01) and transfusion rate (5.9% vs 33.3%, P = 0.033) than those who had sternotomy. There was no peri-operative death, and all the patients were alive and free of recurrence at the latest follow-up. Surgical resection of primary benign cardiac tumors is safe, effective and durable. The right anterolateral minithoracotomy provides the same postoperative recovery as standard median sternotomy, but less transfusion. It can be considered as a promising alternative approach.

Background. Interest has been increasing in the study of atrial fibrosis, an important mechanism in atrial matrix remodeling. However, histopathologic evaluation of atrial fibrosis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) has been limited. This study aimed to analyze the histologic relationship between atrial fibrosis and development or recurrence of NVAF after endoscopic ablation. Methods. Patients (n = 136) with NVAF undergoing endoscopic ablation and 10 patients in sinus rhythm were enrolled in this study. Left atrial appendage was harvested from all patients. Collagen volume fraction (CVF) and fibrosis biomarkers were evaluated. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between clinical variables and atrial fibrosis. The association between atrial fibrosis and NVAF recurrence was evaluated with the Cox proportional hazards model. Results. A significant difference was found in the degree of atrial fibrosis between patients with NVAF and sinus rhythm (CVF: median 15 [interquartile range (IQR), 13-17] vs median 6.5 [IQR, 5-10.25]; P < .001, respectively). Factors independently associated with CVF in multivariate linear regression analysis included longer duration of NVAF and larger left atrial diameter. Among 136 patients with ablation, 19 (13.9%) had recurrent NVAF. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, CVF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.093; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.007-1.186; P = .033) and left atrial diameter (HR for 3-mm change 1.240; 95% CI, 1.004-1.531; P = .046) were independent risk factors for NVAF recurrence. Conclusions. Atrial fibrosis in NVAF is not only associated with left atrial diameter and duration of atrial fibrillation but also with recurrence after ablation. Atrial fibrosis may be a future therapeutic target for reduction of recurrence after endoscopic ablation. (C) 2020 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.

目的 研究中度低温停循环联合单侧顺行脑灌注应用于主动脉弓部替换手术的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2018年6月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院收治的229例行主动脉弓部替换手术患者的临床资料,平均年龄(61.4±6.9)岁,男性166例(72.5％).其中全弓替换152例(66.4％),同时行主动脉根部替换144例(62.9％).应用的循环管理和脏器保护方法是中度低温停循环(moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest,MHCA)联合单侧顺行性脑灌注(unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion,UACP).右侧腋动脉插灌注管,温度降至(23.5±1.4)℃停循环,开始单侧顺行脑灌注,灌注液温度18℃～22℃、流量5～10ml·kg-1·min1,脑灌注压力50～60 mm Hg.结果 体外循环时间(229±41)min,主动脉阻断时间(152±29)min,停循环时间(45.1±13.3)min.手术死亡17例(7.4％).主要术后并发症包括永久性神经功能障碍(permanent neurologic dysfunction,PND)、一过性神经功能障碍(temporary neurologic dysfunction,TND)、需要透析的急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)和延迟拔管(机械通气时间＞72 h),发生率分别为2.6％、6.9％、3.9％、17.9％.结论 主动脉弓部替换手术应用MHCA+UACP方法病死率和并发症发生率低,疗效满意.

Purpose: Hybrid thoracic endovascular aortic repair is an emerging treatment modality that combines open and endovascular techniques for the treatment of aortic arch disease. However, there has been limited studies comparing hybrid percutaneous repair versus open surgical aortic arch replacement at eight-year follow-up. This retrospective study aimed to compare hybrid endovascular repair with open surgery to assess early and mid-term outcomes in patients with aortic arch disease.

Functions of the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) family of histone/protein acetyltransferases (HATs) in Foxp3+ T-regulatory (Treg) cells are unexplored, despite the general importance of these enzymes in cell biology. We now show that two prototypical GNAT family members, GCN5 (general control nonrepressed-protein 5, lysine acetyltransferase (KAT)2a) and p300/CBP-associated factor (p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), Kat2b) contribute to Treg functions through partially distinct and partially overlapping mechanisms. Deletion of Gcn5 or PCAF did not affect Treg development or suppressive function in vitro, but did affect inducible Treg (iTreg) development, and in vivo, abrogated Treg-dependent allograft survival. Contrasting effects were seen upon targeting of each HAT in all T cells; mice lacking GCN5 showed prolonged allograft survival, suggesting this HAT might be a target for epigenetic therapy in allograft recipients, whereas transplants in mice lacking PCAF underwent acute allograft rejection. PCAF deletion also enhanced anti-tumor immunity in immunocompetent mice. Dual deletion of GCN5 and PCAF led to decreased Treg stability and numbers in peripheral lymphoid tissues, and mice succumbed to severe autoimmunity by 3–4 weeks of life. These data indicate that HATs of the GNAT family have contributions to Treg function that cannot be replaced by the functions of previously characterized Treg HATs (CBP, p300, and Tip60), and may be useful targets in immuno-oncology.