A new method for the preparation of hydrodesulfurization catalysts based on the mechanochemical treatment of molybdenum under cryogenic conditions was proposed. The results of direct one-stage mechanochemical grinding of molybdenum at 77 K in gaseous media of He and H2 and in liquid N2, as well as in the presence of solid Ar, are reported. The physicochemical properties of the cryopowders and their catalytic activity in the model hydrodesulfurization reactions of dibenzothiophene and diesel fraction were examined.

Citrate complexes of transition metals, namely cobalt and molybdenum, used as active components in the synthesis of catalytic systems supported on alumina for hydrotreatment of heavy oil fractions have been studied. Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and polyoxomolybdate (molybdenum blue) obtained by mechanical activation of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) powder were used as initial compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis of the samples was carried out during their heating from 25 to 750 & DEG;C at a rate of 15 & DEG;C/min in air. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the order in which the active components are introduced significantly affects the thermal stability of the sample. Despite the general similarity of the profiles, a shift of the temperature range of citrate complex decomposition is observed, depending on the order of active components introduction. Presumably, this may be due to the different degrees of Mo and Co availability for the formation of compounds with citrate ligands. It is shown that the most thermally stable system is the one in which the Co-containing component and citric acid are introduced first, and then the alcohol solution of molybdenum blue; the least stable system is the reverse one, in which the alcohol solution of molybdenum blue is introduced first, then citric acid and the Co-containing component are added.

Phenothiazine and its derivatives have a number of properties that contribute to their wider practical use in the production of biologically active substances, drugs, dyes, etc. Therefore, the synthesis and study of new compounds is of great relevance. The aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of a number of new phenothiazine derivatives. The patterns of electroreduction of oxygen and its radicals in the presence of phenothiazine derivatives in aqueous ethanol media were studied by voltammetry. The influence of various factors on antioxidant activity was considered by the methods of experiment planning. The optimal conditions for the manifestation of the antioxidant activity of phenothiazine derivatives have been found, which seems to be relevant since it opens up new possibilities for their further use as complex preparations with antioxidant activity, including in psychiatric practice.

An integrated method is proposed for examining the compositions of fluorine-bearing gaseous mixtures, which allows for determining the concentration of HF, F2, N2, O2, CO2, CF4, and C2F6 in these mixtures. The concentration of hydrogen fluoride is determined by its sorption on sodium fluoride followed by the determination of the fluoride ion by the potentiometric method. The lower threshold of determination of hydrogen fluoride is found to be 0.09 vol.%. The concentrations of N2, O2, CO2, CF4, and C2F6 are determined by the gas chromatographic method using a thermal conductivity detector. The proposed gas-chromatography method offers a quantitative measurement of the concentration of N2, O2, CO2, CF4, and C2F6 at the lower limits of detection of 0.008, 0.012, 0.011, 0.009, and 0.019 vol.%, respectively. Based on the developed method, the compositions of a standard fluorine-nitrogen (10 vol.%) and anodic gas samples, synthesized in a laboratory electrolyzer at the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University and in an industrial electrochemical reactor at JSC Siberian Chemical Plant (Russia), are studied.

Novel bulk single-component sulfide catalysts were prepared under the conditions of solid-phase dispersion of МoS2 molybdenite at various mechanical treatment times and various amounts of polar and nonpolar liquid microadditives. The chemical degradation of the samples in the air was found to lead to the formation of surface sulfate anions that shield catalytically active Mo sites. Indirect correlations of the hydrodesulfurization ability of MoS2 powders with the concentration of sulfate anions on their surface, and with the aqueous pH in the powder suspensions, including the dielectric permittivity of the organic dopants, can serve as reference indicators of high catalytic activity in the model reaction of dibenzothiophene hydrogenolysis. The study identified the most active sample able to run for an extended time during multiple cycles without losing its catalytic properties. Also, the paper discusses the dibenzothiophene conversion routes, the product composition, the probable structure of active sites in the catalysts, and the desulfurization degree of diesel fuel components.

Heavy metals are among the most common pollutants affecting biological systems when ingested with drinking water and food. Heavy metal ions are capable of bioaccumulation in a human body and could cause various metabolic disorders. Here we present the results of using a unique glauconite from the Barguzinsky deposit as an adsorbent for heavy metals. The physicochemical properties of glauconite samples, including the specific surface area, specific pore volume, zeta potential, thermal and elemental analyses and scanning electron microscopy of the surface were studied for different fraction sizes. The sorption properties of the glauconite samples were studied under static conditions for extraction of iron and manganese ions from model solutions. Analysis of the content of the detected ions in solutions and filtrates was performed by the methods of stripping voltammetry. We revealed high sorption properties of glauconite for iron elimination, but comparatively lower ones in removing manganese.

The grinding of molybdenite as a dimensional precursor of the active component of a bulk hydrodesulfurization catalyst under cryogenic conditions in solid argon and liquid nitrogen is performed for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the samples are determined using instrumental methods. The chemical testing of their surface properties is carried out. The hydrodesulfurization ability of cryo-powders in the model reaction of dibenzothiophene is determined.

The milling of molybdenite under cryogenic conditions in argon has been performed for the first time, and the physicochemical properties of its samples, their catalytic activity in model reactions of hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and diesel components, and the ability to initiate the isopropylbenzene oxidation reaction have been studied. The samples have been found to exhibit high catalytic activity.

The paper deals with the effect of synthesis parameters on the reactivity of Fischer– Tropsch iron-based catalyst resulting from electrical wire explosion in a carbon monoxide medium. The technology provides the synthesis of ultrafine particles with a large specific surface area and a given phase composition. A mixture resulting from the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons contains hydrocarbons of a paraffinic and aromatic structure, and its further use requires additional refinement.

The paper deals with the solid-phase method for producing bulk two-component sulphide catalysts by the mechanochemical coupling of commercial molybdenum, cobalt, and nickel powders. The research presents physicochemical properties of the catalysts and discusses the activity of the latter in model reactions of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene hydrodesulphurisation including the latter in the presence of carbazole and phenanthrene, and also upon the hydrotreatment of sulphur components in diesel fraction.

The paper examines the catalytic activity of WC-6% Co alloy powders resulting from electropulse dispersion of alloy chips during the Fischer-Tropsch process (FTP) to obtain liquid hydrocarbons. The experiments were carried out under the pressure ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 MPa and the total consumption of reagents amounting to 120 cm(3)/min at different temperatures. The optimal synthesis temperature was 200-220 degrees C and the pressure was 0.2 MPa. The resulting liquid product of synthesis was a mixture of wide spectrum hydrocarbons with the highest content of paraffin. The mixture of liquid hydrocarbons is suitable for further processing with a view to refining and improving the service properties.

Hydrodesulfurization catalysts are prepared via mechanical grinding of molybdenite under cryogenic conditions (80 K). Cryo-catalysts are characterized by X-ray phase analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and sedimentation analysis. The catalytic activity of the obtained cryo-samples is studied in a model hydrodesulfuration reaction of dibenzothiophene and in the course of hydrogenolysis of the components of the diesel fraction. It is shown that the activation of cryo-catalysts does not require the use of any sulfur-containing reagents.

The urgency of creating new efficient catalysts for the processes of deepening oil refining rises on the background of stricter requirements for the quality of motor fuels, as well as the deterioration of the quality of crude oil for processing, and an increase in the number of distillates of secondary processes involved in the production of commodity petroleum products. In this work, alumina-catalytic systems were synthesized using polyoxomolybdate compounds. The morphology, structure and phase composition of the synthesized catalytic systems were studied using the following analysis methods: scanning electron microscopy, microelement analysis, X-ray phase analysis, X-ray diffraction, electron spectroscopy. It has been established that the Mo / AI2O3 system is active in the process of thermal catalytic conversion of heavy residual raw materials.

— More than 70% of the world’s reserves of hydrocarbons is in the form of heavy petroleum feedstocks. Increasing the efficiency and depth of processing of such feedstocks is an important problem of petroleum refining. Cobalt powders and their catalysts prepared in a single stage are tested for the first time in the cracking process at the Novokuibyshevsk petroleum refinery. The composition and properties of the samples are studied via X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction. Surfaces of cobalt contains oxygen in Co 3 O 4 and CoO inside layers, while mechanoactivation redistributes some of these oxides and alters the composition of products of tar cracking. Cobalt has more catalytic activity in the cracking of tar after mechanoactivation than the original powder. The yield of light fractions is 70% with mechanically activated cobalt, 10 wt % higher than without mechanoactivation, and 25% higher than with no cobalt powders.

The travel pattern of the nanostructured fibers of aluminium oxyhydroxide in the laminar flow of the argon carrier gas has been developed. On the basis of this pattern, the optimum range of the fiber size, providing the effective transportation of the modifying agent by the gas flows, is determined. Depending on the concentration of fibers, which are transported by the gas flow, the optimum technical parameters of the modifying agent of the aluminium oxyhydroxide for the austenitic steels are determined. The optimum concentration of the nanostructured fibers of aluminium oxyhydroxide in the argon carrier gas is determined. The modeling results and the efficiency of the developed method were verified by experimental researches for the depositing of the surface layers by the argon inert-gas arc welding (MIG welding). It was found that, during the modification of the surface layer, built-up by the nanostructured fibers of the aluminium oxyhydroxide at the amount of 0.2 mg/cm3, the maximum modification effect of this layer of the Fe–C–Cr–Ni–Ti system is expressed. The average size of dendrite shows a decrease of 4.5 times in width due to the formation of the additional centers in the melt being inoculants in the crystallizing metal. The share of the most favorable structure of the nonoriented dendrites in the bulk of the deposited layer increases from 43 to 62%.

Russia occupies the third place in the world in terms of stocks of heavy oil raw materials. The development of deposits of light and medium oils makes it inevitable to involve heavy, as well as residual, petroleum raw materials in processing to meet the growing demand for petroleum products. Increase of the depth of oil processing possible in various ways, one of which is the use of new efficient catalysts, resistant to corrosion, poisoning and coking. Tungsten carbide, meeting these requirements, is a promising starting compound for the production of cracking catalysts for heavy oil feedstocks. The influence of tungsten carbide and its calcination temperature on the composition and yield of oil paraffin cracking products on the resulting catalysts was studied to investigate its catalytic activity, the optimum treatment temperature of tungsten carbide was determined. The high catalytic activity of a WC sample calcined at 420 degrees C is shown. Using the physicochemical methods of investigation, the properties of tungsten carbide samples, as well as the composition and properties of the paraffin cracking products in the presence of the catalysts obtained, were studied.

В работе разработана модель движения наноструктурированных волокон оксогидроксида алюминия в ламинарном потоке транспортирующего газа аргона. На основе предложенной модели определен оптимальный диапазон размеров волокон, обеспечивающий эффективный транспорт модификатора потоком газа. В зависимости от концентрации волокон, которые транспортируются потоком газа, определены оптимальные технологические параметры модификатора оксогидроксида алюминия для аустенитных сталей. Определена оптимальная концентрация наноструктурированных волокон оксогидроксида алюминия в транспортирующем газе аргоне. Верификация результатов моделирования и эффективности разработанного способа производилась путем экспериментальных исследований по наплавке поверхностных слоев дуговой сваркой в среде инертного газа аргона (MIG-сварка). Установлено, что при модифицировании наплавленного поверхностного слоя наноструктурированными волокнами оксогидроксида алюминия в количестве 0,2 мг/см3 реализуется наибольший эффект модифицирования данного слоя системы Fe–C–Cr–Ni–Ti. За счет формирования в расплаве дополнительных центров, служащих инокуляторами в кристаллизующемся металле, средний размер дендрита по ширине уменьшается в 4,5 раза. Кроме того, доля наиболее благоприятной структуры неориентированных дендритов в общем объеме наплавленного слоя возрастает с 43 до 62 %. МБ-3.

The paper presents the results of investigations of genotoxicity and morphological characteristics of nanoscale gold particles prepared by the electric spark dispersion method in a water medium. To investigate the properties we used comet assay, transmission electron microscopy, thermal desorption of nitrogen (BET). It was revealed, gold particles did not cause DNA damage at low concentrations (0.01 - 0.1 mg/ml) and detectable level of genotoxicity of gold nanoparticles is observed at concentrations of 0.3 mg/ml and above.

The relevance of the research is related to the need to develop effective methods of processing heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks. Conventional light crude oil is only about 25 % of proven global oil reserves, and the rest are heavy and extra A heavy oil, bitumen. Furthermore, there is the problem of processing heavy residual oil fractions. In Russia only the Omsk oil refinery provides the depth of oil processing more than 90 %. The high content of heteroatomic compounds in heavy oil feedstock and its propensity for high coke formation lead to deactivation of catalysts used, which means that a catalyst that is stable to coking and poisoning is necessary for efficient processing of heavy oil feedstock and residual fractions. The main aim of the work is to study the catalytic activity of micron sized tungsten carbide powder in cracking goudron of Novokui-byshevsk oil refinery. The methods used in the study: scanning electron microscopy, energy A dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry - thermogravimetry, gas chromatography, elemental analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis The results. The authors have studied the effect of time and temperature on thermal cracking of goudron of Novokuibyshevsk oil refinery and determined the optimal conditions for its experimental processing. The influence of tungsten carbide amount on composition of cracking products was studied. It was found that the micron A sized tungsten carbide powder possesses a catalytic activity in a heavy hydrocarbon cracking reaction and makes it possible to increase the yield of light fractions up to 70 % by weight. Reused tungsten car A bide powder retains catalytic activity during three cycles of usage. The individual composition of the gasoline fractions of cracking pro A ducts in the presence of tungsten carbide powders was studied.