Background Mental health challenges among working women are increasingly recognized as critical human rights concerns that cut across geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic contexts. This study examined the prevalence and associated factors of depression among higher socioeconomic, married working women in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 married working women employed in various organizations in Dhaka City between June and November 2023. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the CES-D Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with depressive symptoms. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results The mean age of participants was 35.66 ± 4.77 years. The prevalence of depression was 27.7%, of which 11.6% reported severe depressive symptoms and 16.1% reported moderate depressive symptoms. The likelihood of poor mental health was significantly higher among women who were consistently overloaded with work (AOR=10.919, 95% CI 1.313-90.819), those whose family members expected them to perform household tasks equivalent to non-working women (AOR=9.369, 95% CI 1.077-81.525), and those experiencing challenges from family, relatives, or neighbors regarding their employment (AOR=8.180, 95% CI 3.663-18.268). Unfavorable working conditions, excessive workload, limited organizational support, and inadequate family support were also associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion Poor mental health can adversely affect work productivity, family responsibilities, and social relationships. Strengthening workplace support systems, promoting equitable domestic responsibility-sharing, and formulating targeted policies and programs are essential to improving the mental well-being of working women in Bangladesh.

Background: Mental health is one of the most critical public health issues as it significantly contributes to the global disease burden worldwide. Objective: This study aims to assess the mental health status and its determinants among higher socio-economic married working women in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 higher socio-economic married working women in different organizations in Dhaka City from June to November 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the information, and the mental health status was measured using CES-D Scale. Results: The odds of poor mental health were eleven times higher in participants that were always overloaded with work [AOR=10.9], more than nine times more likely among those that always had family members expecting the same work as non-working women [AOR=9.4], and eight times more likely in participants that had a lot of challenges from family/relatives/neighbors for pursuing job [AOR=8.2]. Conclusion: Unfavorable working conditions, work overload,inadequate support from the organization and family have all been linked together to result in poor mental health. Significant efforts and resources are required to conduct both preventative and control programs.

OBJECTIVES:This study focused on analysing treatment applicability and effectiveness for ASD in Bangladesh based on the perspectives of parents/guardians, and educational or healthcare professionals. METHODS AND PROCEDURES:We utilized a cross-sectional survey and a mixed methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data about interventions used, effectiveness, and satisfaction levels. Data were analysed via descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent sample t-tests. RESULTS:The results revealed that developmental approaches were the most commonly used and participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the interventions. Educational and healthcare professionals emphasized the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The study also found no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of interventions between the two cities. CONCLUSIONS:The research highlights the need for a comprehensive and tailored approach to support individuals with ASD and provides valuable insights for organizations, policymakers, and professionals to improve the provision of effective interventions, It also focuses on the significance of involving caregivers in the treatment process. Further research is recommended to explore other regions' interventions and evaluate the long-term outcomes of different treatment approaches.

Increasing global temperatures threaten rice production, a vital staple for over half the world’s population, particularly due to the vulnerability of seedlings to heat stress, which can reduce rice growth and yield. Weedy rice (Oryza spp.), an invasive weed in paddy fields, has demonstrated a degree of heat resistance. To better understand the mechanisms behind this tolerance, we analyzed genome-wide gene expression and adaptive strategies during the seedling stage under heat stress. Four weedy rice genotypes and two controls (MR219 and MU201) were subjected to heat treatment at 44 °C for 0, 2 and 4 h, followed by RNA isolation and RNA-Seq analysis. Results showed a decrease in the stress tolerance gene expression in heat-susceptible (HS) genotypes, particularly those associated with the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Conversely, heat tolerant (HT) samples exhibited upregulated genes related to the endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Physiological assessments indicated high sensitivity to heat stress within the first four hours, with HS samples displaying significant cellular damage and increased ion leakage. In contrast, HT samples demonstrated better physiological characteristics and identified genes involved in damage repair. They also show stronger gene network connectivity, highlighting their critical coordination role in stress resilience. These findings reveal diverse mechanisms of heat stress response in weedy rice, providing insights for selecting weedy rice genotypes and targeting heat tolerance genes in rice breeding.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen causing high infections and morbidity among affected individuals and most studies focus on nosocomial strains. However, A. baumannii can also be isolated from community healthy individuals. This study compared the pathogenicity of hospital and community A. baumannii isolates using Galleria mellonella and human cell cultures. The insect model, G. mellonella and in vitro HeLa cell line were used with ten A. baumannii isolates (six community and four hospital isolates from Segamat, Malaysia). G. mellonella killing assays and HeLa cell adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity assays were performed to investigate the virulence and invasion potential of the isolates. Out of the ten isolates investigated, three community and two hospital isolates were found to be highly virulent in G. mellonella infection model, killing 100 % larvae within 96 hours. These strains were also found to be invasive and have significant cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. Our study revealed that community and hospital isolated A. baumannii could be equally virulent judged by both model systems. Undoubtedly, besides hospital settings, the presence of highly virulent A. baumannii in community reservoirs poses a significant public health risk and requires additional investigation.

Background: Gender Based Violence (GBV) represents a severe violation of women's human rights beyond geographical, cultural, religious, social, and economic aspects. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of GBV, its association with mental health status, and familial and social determinants among the higher socio-economic married working women in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2019 among the higher socio-economic married women working in Dhaka. To reach the targeted participants, five hundred sixty participants were recruited using multistage sampling. Women with a minimum graduate degree, monthly income >35000, and working outside were included in this study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through a face-to-face interview. Mental health status was measured by 20 items on the CES-D scale. Descriptive statistics and bivariate (unadjusted) and multivariate (adjusted) logistic regression were used to explore the determinants and mental health status. Results: The mean age of participants was 35.7 ± 4.8 years. Around 13.6% of women faced GBV. The age, marriage duration, family type, monthly income, parental status, number of children, and education level showed a significant association with GBV. The binary logistic regression model found that the status of mental health was strongly significant in both unadjusted and adjusted models, OR (95% CI) =2.589 (1.577-4.252) and 4.542 (2.362-8.734). Participation in the family's decision-making process was strongly associated with GBV OR (95% CI) = 4.529 (2.332- 8.796). The attitude of the husband or in-laws was strongly significant in both unadjusted OR (95% CI) = 10.605 (4.988 - 22.548) and adjusted models 5.972 (1.836-19.421). Having a good understanding of the husband was strongly significant in two models, OR (95% CI) = 27.383 (13.568 -55.263) and 17.553 (6.160 -50.018). The odds of GBV, if any family members are suffering from chronic disease, were around six-fold higher among married working women in the unadjusted model OR (95% CI) =5.935 (2.791 - 12.623) and almost eight-fold higher in adjusted model 7.679 (2.293 -25.719). Time for attending social obligation was strongly significant in both unadjusted OR (95% CI)= 11.633 (5.239 -25.832) and adjusted model 24.402 (7.511 -79.277). Conclusion: The GBV prevalence was comparatively low, and it was found to be related to working women with higher socio-economic status. This issue should not be neglected as it impedes the empowerment of women, which is a global concern and developmental plan. Hence, there is a need to formulate better policies and programs to attain a gender-based, violence-free society.

There are limited studies that established significant relationships between meteorological variables and COVID-19 spread in Malaysia. Although knowledge from studies conducted in other countries can be utilised as a basis for the policy formulation in general, country-specific studies are necessary as meteorological parameters and COVID-19 spread vary from country to country. This study investigated the potential roles of five meteorological parameters (average relative humidity, maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, and average wind speed) on COVID-19 spread in each of the 13 states and the entire Malaysia. The state-wise daily COVID-19-confirmed cases and daily meteorological parameters from 1 August 2020 to 31 March 2021 were acquired from Ministry of Health Malaysia and Malaysia Meteorological Department, respectively. The correlations between state-wise daily COVID-19-confirmed cases and daily meteorological parameters were ascertained via Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests at 5% significance level. Overall, significant correlations exist between all meteorological parameters considered in this study and daily COVID-19-confirmed cases throughout Malaysia. Average wind speed was positively correlated with COVID-19-confirmed cases, whereas average relative humidity, maximum temperature, average temperature, and minimum temperature were negatively associated with COVID-19-confirmed cases. These study findings build up knowledge pertaining the association between important meteorological factors and COVID-19 spread in various regions with different climates. The research outcomes could be helpful in understanding, bringing awareness, and educating Malaysian citizens through communication between citizens and governmental as well as non-governmental agencies via official portals to develop a better response mechanism for the Malaysian perspective.

Diabetes-related foot complications, including neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers, are a significant contributor to morbidity and increased healthcare costs. This retrospective clinical audit examines the characteristics of people accessing pedorthics services who are at risk of neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcer (re)occurrence and the pathways and funding models used to access these services. A clinical record audit was conducted on all patients accessing a pedorthics service who had diabetes and neuropathy with a history of plantar forefoot ulceration. The data included demographics, diabetes and neuropathy duration, main forefoot pathology and other comorbidity, footwear and insole interventions, and health fund access status. A total of 70 patient records were accessed, and relevant data was extracted. The mean age of participants was 64.69 (standard deviation (SD) 11.78) years; 61% were male and 39% female. Duration of diabetes ranged from one to 35 years, with a mean of 14.09 years (SD 6.58). The mean duration of neuropathy was 8.56 (SD 4.16) years. The most common forefoot conditions were bony prominences at 71% (n = 50), rigid flat foot and limited joint mobility (53%, n = 37), and hallux abductovalgus at 47% (n = 33). All participants had hyperkeratosis; 34% (n = 24) had forefoot amputation, and around 34% (n = 24) had a history of digital amputation. Various publicly funded packages and private health insurance were accessed. This study investigates the sociodemographic and medical profiles of individuals with diabetes-related foot complexities prone to neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers. It is the first to examine patients receiving pedorthic services, informing practitioner surveys and preventive care strategies. Understanding patient characteristics aids in optimising multidisciplinary care and reducing ulcer incidence. Further studies are warranted to explore the field to establish an effective multidisciplinary care approach between medical professionals, podiatrists and pedorthists to optimise patient outcomes.

Rice, a staple crop that feeds more than one-third of the world’s population, encounters a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses due to climate change. Rising temperature is one of the significant abiotic stresses affecting rice productivity worldwide. The development of heat-tolerant rice cultivars is critical in this regard. Weedy rice could potentially serve as a natural resource for genes conferring agronomically important traits beneficial to cultivated rice. However, heat tolerance in both cultivated and weedy rice is still understudied. This study screened a set of 180 weedy rice accessions for heat stress tolerance and further characterised them using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis. Five heat-tolerant (HT) accessions (MU244, MU235, MU249, MU260 and MU237), along with five heat-susceptible (HS) accessions (MU100, MU114, MU264, MU251 and MU005), were subjected to relative electrical conductivity (REC) test and reactive oxidative species assay (ROS). These tests verified that the five HT accessions performed better under heat stress than their HS counterparts. In addition, whole-genome sequences of three HT (MU235, MU237 and MU066) and four HS (MU100, MU114, MU022 and MU005) accessions were selected for the genome-wide SNPs comparison, revealing substantial amino acid variation in the heat-tolerance-related genes between the HT and HS rice groups. The proposed genes and genome-wide SNP markers may help rice breeders better understand how different rice cultivars respond to heat stress.

BackgroundChild malnutrition risk factors are globally recognized, but the specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of child malnutrition, considering socioeconomic burdens and changes in family lifestyles, remains underexplored. This study aims to identify the significance of COVID-19-related factors in relation to the prevalence of child malnutrition in Selangor, Malaysia.MethodsPurposive sampling was employed in this pilot study to select the households with under-5 children and, a structured questionnaire was developed to gather data. Chi-squared tests, logistic regression modelling and World Health Organisation AnthroPlus software-based visualization were used for analyses.ResultsThe present study’s findings indicate that demographic and social factors, including 'Citizenship,' 'Type of House,' 'Number of Earning Members,' 'Father's Highest Educational Level,' and 'Number of Children in a Family,' have a statistically significant association with Wasting. Additionally, the mother's 'Highest Educational Level' is found to be linked to underweight prevalence. Within COVID-19 factors, "COVID-19 Impact on Employment/Business" demonstrated significance for both stunting and wasting. Multivariate analysis revealed disparities in childhood malnutrition by gender, age, and factors such as "COVID-19 impact on children's physical activity" and "COVID-19 impact on children's decrease in health over the last two weeks."ConclusionsThis study identified COVID-19 factors alongside sociodemographic variables with statistically significant relationships impacting childhood malnutrition in Selangor, Malaysia. The results underscored the substantial influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on child malnutrition prevalence. Decision-makers at family and community levels can benefit by considering these factors in their actions. However, the study's limitation lay in its dataset, urging larger-scale analyses to explore further sub-categories of the examined variables.

COVID-19 is a significant public health problem around the globe, including in Australia. Despite this, Australia's Ministry of Health has expanded COVID-19 control measures widely, logistical trials exist, and the disease burden still needs more clarity. One of the best methods to comprehend the dynamics of disease transmission is by mathematical modeling of COVID-19, which also makes it possible to quantify factors in many places, including Australia. In order to understand the dynamics of COVID-19 in Australia, we examine a mathematical modeling framework for the virus in this study. Australian COVID-19 actual incidence data from January to December 2021 was used to calibrate the model. We also performed a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and found that the COVID-19 transmission rate was the primary factor in determining the basic reproduction number (R0). Gradually influential intervention policies were established, with accurate effect and coverage regulated with the help of COVID-19 experts in Australia. We simulated data for the period from April 2022 to August 2023. To ascertain which of these outcomes is most effective in lowering the COVID-19 burden, we here assessed the COVID-19 burden (as shown by the number of incident cases and mortality) under a range of intervention scenarios. Regarding the policy of single intervention, the fastest and most efficient way to lower the incidence of COVID-19 is via increasing the first-dose immunization rate, while an improved treatment rate for the afflicted population is also helps to lower mortality in Australia. Furthermore, our results imply that integrating more therapies at the same time increases their efficacy, particularly for mortality, which significantly reduced with a moderate effort, while lowering the number of COVID-19 instances necessitates a major and ongoing commitment.

Vehicle automation has been in the works for a long time now. Automatic brakes, cruise control, GPS satellite navigation, etc. are all common features seen in today's automobiles. Automation and artificial intelligence breakthroughs are likely to lead to an increase in the usage of automation technologies in cars. Because of this, mankind will be more reliant on computer-controlled equipment and car systems in our daily lives. All major corporations have begun investing in the development of self-driving cars because of the rapid advancement of advanced driver support technologies. However, the level of safety and trustworthiness is still questionable. Imagine what the assailants could do if they had access to a car. Control of braking, acceleration and even steering by an attacker can have disastrous results. Most of the assaults against autonomous vehicle software and hardware are covered in this study, along with their prospective consequences. This work explores an extended analysis of the security threat and cyber-attacks on different sensors and perception systems in autonomous vehicles. This work also showed machine learning-based possible defensive techniques to prevent the security threat. An overview of most of the conceivable assaults against autonomous vehicle software and hardware and their prospective consequences is presented in this study.

Tobacco consumption is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Moreover, alternative tobacco and nicotine products (ATNPs) are growing in popularity, especially among young adults in the past decade. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of tobacco consumption among university students. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 338 university students of a private Malaysian university from March to April 2021. Data was collected using a self-administered online questionnaire with items including sociodemographic information, user status of tobacco consumption and types of tobacco product used. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 to analyse the data. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in this study was 8.6% and the main tobacco product used was manufactured cigarettes. In Pearson’s chi square test and Fisher’s exact test, current use of tobacco was significantly associated with nationality, ethnicity, religion, school, current level of education and parents, siblings and friends use of tobacco (p<0.05). In simple and multiple logistic regression analysis, being non-Malaysian, Indian, Muslim, year 4 student and having parents or siblings who used tobacco, all had statistically significant associations with the current use of tobacco (p<0.05). Findings of this study showed that the use of tobacco among university students is concerning and warrants the need to develop and implement a strategic anti-tobacco program to limit this behaviour among university students.

Abstract This study investigates the impact of personalised footwear and insole design and modification features on offloading efficacy and patient adherence in people at risk of diabetes-related neuropathic plantar forefoot ulceration. This study involved a series of non-randomised, unblinded N-of-1 trials with 12 participants who had a history of neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers recruited from three sites in Sydney, Australia. Barefoot and in-shoe plantar pressures were measured using Mobilemat™ and F-Scan® plantar pressure mapping systems by TekScan® (Boston, USA). Adherence to footwear use was captured using participant self-report. Other outcome measures were participant preference toward footwear, insole design and quality of life. The study identified foot-specific pressure thresholds crucial for effective offloading and ulcer prevention. It showed that the current plantar pressure threshold (<200 kPa or >30% reduction) recommended by the guidelines may not apply to all participants. Reulceration prevention may require a pressure threshold as low as 103 kPa at one site and as high as 352 kPa at another site in the same participant to keep the individual foot in remission. It underscores the significance of considering individual participant's factors such as the site of amputation, current activity level, and the use of mobility aid. The recommended footwear needs to meet the criteria for the participant's intention of use, whether for outdoor use for walking, shopping, medical appointments, social or religious events, occupational purposes or indoor use. In these populations, considering indoor-specific footwear design and options helps to increase adherence and reduce the risk of ulcer occurrence and recurrence. Moreover, factors such as comorbidities, biomechanics, and adherence significantly impact ulcer prevention outcomes. Participant-centric footwear designs that fit individual participants' needs are emphasised as a key strategy to enhance adherence, influenced by social support and healthcare involvement. The study advocates for prioritising patient-centric device designs to achieve therapeutic success. However, further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of these parameters in improving offloading and adherence, thereby promoting physical and emotional health and overall well-being.

The study aimed to investigate parental knowledge of tobacco effects on health and parental perceptions on tobacco control measures at households in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Out of 1436 tobacco-using parents, a total of 400 participants were selected for the cross-sectional survey using a multi-stage probability sampling. Overall knowledge and perceptions of parents were scored. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were performed. There were 19.8% of parents who had good knowledge about health effects of tobacco and 40.8% had positive perception on home initiatives of tobacco control measures respectively. The study revealed that knowledge of overall tobacco effects on health (AOR = 20.92, 95% CI = 2.60-167.83), asthma (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.17-0.49), infertility (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.24-0.77) and pre-eclampsia (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.14-0.90) were significantly increased the odds of parents good knowledge. Whereas parental perceptions indicate that living in the joint family was positively associated with controlling tobacco use (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.88-5.13). It suggests that health education programs need to be developed to improve parental awareness on the adverse health effects of tobacco use at households.

Background: Despite a strong international standpoint against female genital mutilation, the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Somalia is extremely high. Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of female genital mutilation among female health care service providers in order to formulate appropriate policies and programs to eliminate this harmful practice. Design: Facility-based cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019 among female doctors and nurses working in Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: A total of 144 female health care service providers were randomly selected, and data were collected through a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed by using the statistical software SPSS (Version 21), and qualitative data were analyzed thematically in accordance with the objectives of the study. Results: The study found that about three-fifths of the respondents had undergone some forms of female genital mutilation during their life. An overwhelming majority believed that female genital mutilation practices were medically harmful, and a majority of them expressed their opinion against the medicalization of the practice of female genital mutilation. The study also observed a significant association between participants’ age and their negative attitudes regarding the legalization of female genital mutilation. Conclusion: Health care service providers’ effort is critical to eliminating this harmful practice from the Somalian society. Strong policy commitment and a comprehensive health-promotion effort targeting the parents and community leaders are essential to avert the negative impact of female genital mutilation.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine Saudi EFL learners' autonomy beliefs, the relation between their autonomy beliefs and autonomy practices, and the major obstacles against their autonomy.Design/methodology/approach In this quantitative study, a survey questionnaire was administered to 350 (N=350) students in the English Language Center of a public university in Saudi Arabia. The SPSS version 26 was used to conduct the statistical analysis of the data. Pearson's correlation analysis and the Paired t-test were used after the normality test of the studied data, and the percentage analysis was used to gauge the major obstacles for Saudi EFL learners' autonomy.In this quantitative study, a survey questionnaire was administered to 350 (N=350) students in the English Language Center of a public university in Saudi Arabia. The SPSS version 26 was used to conduct the statistical analysis of the data. Pearson's correlation analysis and the Paired t-test were used after the normality test of the studied data, and the percentage analysis was used to gauge the major obstacles for Saudi EFL learners' autonomy.Findings The findings revealed that Saudi EFL learners are autonomous. A paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the autonomy beliefs and autonomy practices among the participants. In addition, Pearson's correlation test detected a statistically significant positive relationship between Saudi EFL learners' autonomy beliefs and autonomy practices. The study also identifies the following major obstacles against Saudi EFL learners' autonomy: over reliance on their teachers and on their test results, lack of opportunity to express their opinions about learning and not discussing how they work out their learning tasks.Originality/value Autonomy studies conducted in the Saudi EFL contexts have adopted only the dichotomous view of learner autonomy in which learners are categorized either autonomous or non-autonomous. No reported studies seem to explore the 'Alternative view' (Little, 2011) of learner autonomy, which challenges this dichotomous view and looks beyond the categories of autonomous and non-autonomous language learners. Similarly, it also appears that examining the relation of Saudi EFL learners' autonomy beliefs and autonomy practices has been overlooked. Therefore, the current study aims to present an in-depth understanding of Saudi EFL learners' autonomy with sound theoretical underpinning and methodological rigour. Adopting Little's (2011) alternative view of learner autonomy as its theoretical framework.

Since November 2019, most countries across the globe have suffered from the disastrous consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic which redefined every aspect of human life. Given the inevitable spread and transmission of the virus, it is critical to acknowledge the factors that catalyse transmission of the disease. This research investigates the relation of the external demographic parameters such as total population, population density and weighted population density on the spread of Covid-19 in Malaysia. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression were utilized to identify the relation between the population-related variables and the spread of Covid-19 in Malaysia using data from 15th March 2020 to 31st March 2021. As a result, a strong positive significant correlation between the total population and Covid-19 cases was found. However, a weak positive relationship was found between the density variable (population density and weighted population density) and the spread of Covid-19. Our findings suggest that the transmission of Covid-19 during lockdown (Movement Control Order, MCO) in Malaysia was more readily explained by the demographic variable population size, than population density or weighted population density. Thus, this study could be helpful in intervention planning and managing future virus outbreaks in Malaysia.

Foot complications occur in conjunction with poorly controlled diabetes. Plantar forefoot ulceration contributes to partial amputation in unstable diabetics, and the risk increases with concomitant neuropathy. Reducing peak plantar forefoot pressure reduces ulcer occurrence and recurrence. Footwear and insoles are used to offload the neuropathic foot, but the success of offloading is dependent on patient adherence. This study aims to determine which design and modification features of footwear and insoles improve forefoot plantar pressure offloading and adherence in people with diabetes and neuropathy. This study, involving a series of N-of-1 trials, included 21 participants who had a history of neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers. Participants were recruited from two public hospitals and one private podiatry clinic in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. This trial is non-randomised and unblinded. Participants will be recruited from three sites, including two high-risk foot services and a private podiatry clinic in Sydney, Australia. Mobilemat™ and F-Scan® plantar pressure mapping systems by TekScan® (Boston, USA) will be used to measure barefoot and in-shoe plantar pressures. Participants’ self-reports will be used to quantify the wearing period over a certain period of between 2 and 4 weeks during the trial. Participant preference toward footwear, insole design and quality-of-life-related information will be collected and analysed. The descriptive and inferential statistical analyses will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 27). And the software NVivo (version 12) will be utilised for the qualitative data analysis. This is the first trial assessing footwear and insole interventions in people with diabetes by using a series of N-of-1 trials. Reporting self-declared wearing periods and participants’ preferences on footwear style and aesthetics are the important approaches for this trial. Patient-centric device designs are the key to therapeutic outcomes, and this study is designed with that strategy in mind. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000699965p. Registered on June 23, 2020