The use of high-modulus ceramic materials under conditions simulating the screen protection of space objects from damage by fragments of space man-made debris is considered. The introduction of an aluminum jet at a speed of ~10 km/s into an aluminum barrier located behind brittle material screens was experimentally studied. A comparative analysis of the parameters of the residual cavity in the barrier made it possible to reveal the effect of the structural rearrangement of the ceramic material on the effectiveness of screen protection. Keywords: screen protection, space man-made debris, ceramic materials.

The method of determination combustion rate of powdered porous silicon with limited space is presented. The values of the combustion rates of porous silicon are close to the values of the rates of explosives.

The use of high-modulus ceramic materials under conditions simulating the screen protection of space objects from damage by fragments of space man-made debris is considered. The introduction of an aluminum jet at a speed of ~10 km/s into an aluminum barrier located behind brittle material screens was experimentally studied. A comparative analysis of the parameters of the residual cavity in the barrier made it possible to reveal the effect of the structural rearrangement of the ceramic material on the effectiveness of screen protection.

The protective properties of metallic and nonmetallic screens were experimentally investigated when penetrated by an aluminum shaped charge jet at collision velocities of 7–10 km/s. Such a projectile is an analog of an elongated fragment of man-made debris. For materials of protective screens, we used glass, B4C ceramics, and diamond-silicon carbide ceramic composite. The obtained results were compared with the data obtained for metal screens. In this paper, we show that the effectiveness of screen protection increases due to phase and structural transitions that occur during the interaction of elongated hypervelocity projectile with protective screens.

Investigated is the destruction of a duralumin barrier under the action of an aluminum jet (analogue of an elongated striker) at a speed of 7 - 11 km / s in the presence of copper and aluminum metal screens. The fraction of the effectiveness of the spacecraft shield, determined by the scattering of parts of the destroyed striker between the screens, is highlighted. An increase in the efficiency of the screen protection due to the phase transitions of the interacting materials of the striker and screen is determined.

In this Letter, we study the destruction of a duralumin barrier when exposed to an aluminum jet (analogous to a fragment of industrial debris) at a velocity of 7–11 km/s in the presence of copper and aluminum metal shields. The effectiveness fraction of the shield protection, which is determined by the expansion of parts of the destroyed impactor between the shields, is distinguished. An increase in the efficiency of the shield protection due to the phase transitions of the interacting materials of the impactor and shield is determined.

The method of determination combustion rate of powdered porous silicon with limited space is presented. The values of the combustion rates of porous silicon are close to the values of the rates of explosives.

The authors investigate aluminum shaped charge jet (SCJ) penetration into an aluminum alloy target at 8-11 km/s velocities. The analysis of kinetics, penetration parameters and structures of cavern surfaces formed after the penetration show that at velocities exceeding 9-11 km/s, the hydrodynamic character of the penetration changes due to the melting of the interacting materials. When during the penetration process SCJ velocity exceed 9 km/s, porous layer of aluminum nanospheres with 20-100 nm in diameter form in the penetration region. The results obtained are appropriate for developing spacecraft shield protections against most dangerous space fragments.

The penetration of an aluminum jet into an aluminum alloy target with a speed of 8–11 km/s is investigated. An analysis of the kinetics and parameters of introduction, and the condition of the surface of the cavity after penetration suggests that the hydrodynamic nature of penetration is violated at speeds of more than 9 km/s because of fusion of interacting metals. The results of the study are intended to develop screen protection for spacecraft from the most dangerous fragments of space debris.

The introduction of an aluminum jet with a speed of 8 - 11 km / s into an aluminum alloy target is being investigated. An analysis of the kinetics and parameters of penetration, the surface of the cavity after the introduction suggests that at speeds of more than 9 km / s the hydrodynamic nature of the penetration is violated due to the melting of interacting metals. The results of the study are intended to develop screen protection of spacecraft from the most dangerous fragments of space debris.

The state of the cavity surface after the introduction of the copper jet into the metal barrier has been recorded and analyzed. A comparison of the cavity surface for jets providing only melting or melting with evaporation during unloading of shock-compressed copper was carried out. The final stages of pore development during solidification are fixed. The volume fraction of evaporation was estimated. The rapid unloading of the implementation areas and the emergence of pores in the volume before the destruction in the layer of the spreading jet result in an increase in the efficiency of the spacecraft screen protection during the evaporation of a fragment of artificial debris.

AbstractThe state of the cavity surface after the introduction of the copper jet into the metal barrier has been recorded and analyzed. A comparison of the cavity surface for jets providing only melting or melting with evaporation during unloading of shock-compressed copper was carried out. The final stages of pore development during solidification are fixed. The volume fraction of evaporation was estimated. The rapid unloading of the implementation areas and the emergence of pores in the volume before the destruction in the layer of the spreading jet result in an increase in the efficiency of the spacecraft screen protection during the evaporation of a fragment of artificial debris.

In the article, we study the efficiency of screen protection of space vehicles against hypervelocity elongated projectiles that are an analog of the most dangerous space debris. We analyze the kinetics of an elongated projectile penetration into a target after the projectile passes through screen protection. Parameters of an elongated projectile impact with copper and aluminum screens and a state of a cavern surface formed as a result of projectile penetration into metal target have been found. Rapid unloading of the penetration zone, the emergence of pores in the volume of the projectile material before their destruction in a jet flow region can explain the increase of efficiency of screen protection when evaporating space junk.

Stress–strain curves are recorded during a high-speed impact and slow loading for nanocrystalline and coarse-grained iron and copper. The strain-rate sensitivity is determined as a function of the grain size and the strain. It is shown that the well-known difference between the variations of the strain-rate sensitivity of the yield strength with the grain size in fcc and bcc metals can be extended to other strain dependences: the strain-rate sensitivity of flow stresses in iron decreases with increasing strain, and that in copper increases. This difference also manifests itself in different slopes of the dependence of the strain-rate sensitivity on the grain size when the strain changes.

The kinetics of penetration of deformable striking rods into SiC ceramics with different void content is studied. The penetration may be viewed as a two-stage process. At the first stage, the penetration rate is minimal and the rate of contraction of the rod is maximal. At this stage, the penetration resistance of the ceramic is the highest. At the second (quasi-steady-state) stage, the penetration kinetics is similar to the kinetics of penetration into a zero-strength medium and resistance to penetration is largely inertial. At the first stage, the penetration resistance is shown to correlate with the hardness of the ceramic and depend strongly on the void content.

Time-resolved study of penetration of shaped charge jets into metals and brittle materials was performed. The aim of the work was to reveal deviations of the penetration from hydrodynamic calculations due to an interaction of some jet with the crater walls. Quantitative estimations were made of a reduction of the jet length resulted from the interaction with the crater walls in targets of various nature. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The aim of this work is to compare the behavior of untreated glass and glass treated by hydrofluoric acid, as well as to determine factors controlling high ballistic characteristics of the strengthened glass.

A study has been made of the kinetics of penetration of deformable steel and tungsten rods into high-hardness brittle media (ceramics and glass) at impact velocities of 1.3–1.6 km/s. The penetration has been established to occur in two stages. In the first stage, the penetration velocity increases as the ceramic is progressively damaged. The second stage corresponds to quasi-steady-state penetration into a zero-strength medium. It is shown that it is the first stage that determines the high resistance of ceramics to intense impact. The dependence of the resistance to penetration on target geometry and impact pressure has also been established.

The kinetics of the high-speed penetration of deformable rods into ceramics has been investigated. It is established that penetration takes place by a two-stage process. In the first stage the penetration velocity increases with increasing damage to the ceramic. The second stage corresponds to quasisteady penetration into a medium devoid of strength. It is shown that the first stage determines the high level of resistance of ceramics to high-intensity impact loading.