Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare but potentially serious complication associated with a variety of conditions, including past childbirth, inflammatory diseases, malignant processes, and pelvic surgery. The aim of this study is to summarize the literature on this problem and to analyze the frequency, differential diagnosis, and management of OVT. The article highlights three observations of ovarian vein thrombosis and thrombophlebitis diagnosed after spontaneous and operative vaginal deliveries. Key words: pregnancy complications, postpartum period, thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, ovarian vein

Objective. To study the efficacy and safety of anti-cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin for the prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Materials and methods. A search for relevant studies in three major databases revealed 990 articles: 504 in PubMed, 18 in Cochrane Library, and 468 in ClinicalTrial.gov. Of the initially identified search results, 10 articles were analyzed. Conclusion. The available data are insufficient to recommend the use of hyperimmune globulin to prevent vertical transmission of cytomegalovirus; further studies are needed to obtain more information on the possibility of prevention and treatment of congenital CMV infection. Key words: congenital cytomegalovirus infection, anti-cytomegalovirus plasma, hyperimmune globulin, pregnancy, cytomegalovirus

The amniotic membrane (AM), or amnion, is the innermost layer of the placenta; it surrounds the embryo and delimits the amniotic cavity, which is filled with amniotic fluid. The use of AM in various medical areas has been increasing in recent years due to its extracellular matrix structure, presence of stem cells, and biological properties that improve both wound healing and tissue regeneration. The amnion also possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiangiogenic properties. It does not cause immune reactions, and its use does not raise ethical concerns. This review describes the application of the membrane in ophthalmology, dermatology, gynecology, and other fields. The membrane can be used as either a whole tissue or a matrix for stem cell culturing in vitro. The review also discusses the results of using amnion epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells in the therapy for Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, and fibrosis due to myocardial infarction. Conclusion. AM has many properties that prevent scar formation, reduce inflammation, and promote wound healing. Due to these properties, AM is used in many fields of medicine, and further studies on its structure, functions and properties will undoubtedly reveal new areas of clinical application. Key words: amnion, amniotic membrane, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells, human amniotic epithelial stem cells, amniotic membrane transplantation

The aim of this research was to analyze the literature on uterus transplantation. The features of the preoperative preparation were presented: recipient and donor selection, surgical aspects of uterus transplantation, postoperative complications and rehabilitation period management, choice of immunosuppressive medications. Special attention was paid to the restoration of fertility and reproductive function in uterus recipients. The results of uterus transplantation from a living donor and a deceased donor in different countries of the world – Germany, USA, Brazil, China were studied. The study shows that although the number of uterus transplants has reached 52 by 2021, this procedure is still not routine and is experimental. Key words: infertility, Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, uterus transplantation

Objective. To study the course and outcome of labor in patients who are at high risk of pre-eclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm birth (PB), and fetal chromosomal abnormalities (CA) according to the results of prenatal screening. Patients and methods. We performed a prospective analysis of the course of labor in 443 women with singleton pregnancy who underwent the first trimester prenatal risk assessment based on the Astraia program. Group 1 (n = 235) included highrisk subgroups for CA – 1A (n = 69); PE – 1B (n = 66); FGR – 1C (n = 48); PB – 1D (n = 52). Risk combinations were excluded, and one of the four assessed outcomes was considered. Group 2 (control group, n = 208) was comprised of lowrisk women. Results. The risk of PB (>34 and <37 weeks) was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (р < 0.05). Full-term birth in both groups had no differences (р > 0.05). Post-term birth was more common in group 2 (р < 0.05). Labor induction prevailed in group 1 and subgroups 1B, 1C (р < 0.05). Labor complications were more common in group 1 (р < 0.05). Prelabor rupture of membranes was more frequent in the subgroups 1B and 1D of group 1 (р < 0.05). Fetal distress and a combination of complications (distress, weak contractions, and rupture of membranes) prevailed in group 1 (p < 0.05). Cesarean section was performed more frequently in group 1 than in group 2 (р < 0.05). Indications in group 1 were placental insufficiency (PI) and PE (р < 0.05). The dif-ference in the frequency of PI between subgroups 1C and 1B was significant relative to 1A, 1D (р < 0.05). Fetal distress was noted in one third of both groups and subgroup 1C (р > 0.05). Conclusion. In the high-risk group based on the results of prenatal screening compared with the control group, there was a significantly higher frequency of prelabor rupture of membranes (in subgroups 1B (PE), 1D (PB)), fetal distress, and a combination of complications, as well as cesareans delivery (subgroups 1B (PE) and 1C (FGR)) (р < 0.05). Key words: fetal distress, labor induction, labor complications, prenatal screening, risk level

According to the World Health Organization, there are about 5.9 million annual perinatal deaths worldwide, the etiology of which, on average, remains unspecified in 15–50% of cases. This review presents an analysis of the existing classification systems for causes of perinatal mortality, estimates the current data on risk factors and possible pathophysiological mechanisms of sudden fetal and infant death, identifies several world health problems that prevent the reduction of stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates, and suggests the ways of their solution. Key words: perinatal mortality, stillbirth, sudden intrauterine death syndrome, brainstem, cardiac conduction system

The analysis of literature data on molecular mechanisms for remodeling of connective tissue of the female reproductive system during pregnancy, childbirth and in the postpartum period is presented. The search for publications and their analysis was conducted in PUBMED, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU databases. Particular attention was given to the study of expression pattern of specific proteinases involved in the process of synthesis and combination of elastic fibers, assembly of the collagen polypeptide chains at different stages. The place of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue is described. Pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period are the triggering mechanism for connective tissue remodeling, certain mechanisms of which remain unclear and require further investigation. Key words: collagen, lysyl oxidase, metalloproteinases, сonnective tissue, fibulin-5, extracellular matrix, elastic fibers

The review analyses the results of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to restore fertility. Research works have shown that MSCs have the ability to differentiate into empryonic cells under specific induction conditions, and also when transplanted to gonadal tissue. Most studies were performed on MSCs obtained from bone marrow and the umbilical cord. Promising approaches related to the use of cell therapy have shown their high efficacy in preclinical studies: the infertility models in rats, mice and rabbits resulted in pregnancy after cell therapy. Research in this field is intensive: by now there is information about 11 preclinical and 12 clinical studies. The first results of clinical studies are positive. Clinical studies have been planned and started to determine the effect of MSCs transplantation on management of infertility, and their results, among others, will be decisive for introduction of cell therapy of infertility into clinical practice. The findings are promising, but further clinical research is needed to assess the efficacy and safety of MSCs transplantation for fertility restoration. Key words: infertility, gynaecology, treatment, MSCs, stem cells

The article is devoted to the interaction of a gynecologist and a urologist in a gynecological hospital, based on the experience of the gynecological department at the Clinic of obstetrics and gynecology of the Clinical Center of Sechenov University. The most common clinical scenarios were identified when the participation of a urologist in evaluation and treatment is urgently needed, including large pelvis mass, endometriosis with an involvement of pelvic organs, genital prolapse, small pelvis adhesions as a result of previous surgical procedures and postoperative urinary disorders. A close interaction between two specialties, which are dedicated to pelvic organs disorders, namely gynecology and urology, is extremely popular in modern clinical practice and allows to significantly reduce the number of intra- and postoperative complications, carry out a comprehensive examination and determine individual treatment tactics in a gynecological hospital, which increases quality of medical care.

Stem cells are cells capable of self-sustaining asymmetric division, resulting in one daughter cell and one progenitor cell from one stem cell. The features of stem cells are the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cells, ensure hemostasis of tissues, as well as proliferative reserve. The maintenance and functional properties of stem cells are regulated by signals from the stem cell niche, i.e. from their local microenvironment, which contributes to adequate self-renewal and differentiation. Therefore, niches provide regulation of the number of stem cells in the body and protect the body from their excessive proliferation. Structurally, the stem niche is a combination of all factors that ensure the viability and self-reproduction of stem cells and the differentiation of daughter progenitor cells. An example of a stem cell niche can be the transition zone (TZs) - the junction of different types of epithelial tissue. It is believed that carcinogenesis can be associated with these zones: the transition region of the glandular and squamous epithelium in the conjunctiva, the cervical glands of the stomach, in the esophagus, in the lungs (bronchioalveolar transition zone), in the cervix (endo-ectocervical transition). This article discusses modern approaches to the search for significant markers of the state of stem cell niche and tumor stem cells of cervical cancer, which will be of great importance in clinical practice for the timely detection of oncological processes, even before their phenotypic manifestation.

The objective of current research was to study clinical-anamnestic characteristics in women with benign and precancerous processes in uterine cervix with combined uterine pathology (myoma, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia and benign processes in uterine cervix). The results demonstrate that changes in uterine cervixes are more frequent in patients with combined uterine diseases compared with patients with monopathology.

The article describes the present views on the etiology, pathogenesis and morphogenesis of uterine myoma. The data on the role of steroid hormones and their receptors, growth factors, and processes of proliferation and apoptosis, and also compares the types of growth of uterine myoma according to the histological types of tumor development. Pressing questions organ preservation treatment of uterine myoma in women of reproductive age.

The article describes the present views on the etiology, pathogenesis and morphogenesis of uterine myoma. The data on the role of steroid hormones and their receptors, growth factors, and processes of proliferation and apoptosis, and also compares the types of growth of uterine myoma according to the histological types of tumor development. Pressing questions organ preservation treatment of uterine myoma in women of reproductive age.

The objective of current research was to study clinical-anamnestic characteristics in women with benign and precancerous processes in uterine cervix with combined uterine pathology (myoma, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia and benign processes in uterine cervix). The results demonstrate that changes in uterine cervixes are more frequent in patients with combined uterine diseases compared with patients with monopathology.

International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 70, Issue S2 p. B140-B140 Laparoscopy diagnosis The role of urgent laparoscopy in gynecological practice N.V. Vedernicova, N.V. VedernicovaSearch for more papers by this authorM.N. Zholobova, M.N. ZholobovaSearch for more papers by this authorL.S. Aleksandrov, L.S. AleksandrovSearch for more papers by this authorN.V. Vinogradskya, N.V. VinogradskyaSearch for more papers by this authorE.V. Nachodkina, E.V. NachodkinaSearch for more papers by this authorC. Channa, C. ChannaSearch for more papers by this author N.V. Vedernicova, N.V. VedernicovaSearch for more papers by this authorM.N. Zholobova, M.N. ZholobovaSearch for more papers by this authorL.S. Aleksandrov, L.S. AleksandrovSearch for more papers by this authorN.V. Vinogradskya, N.V. VinogradskyaSearch for more papers by this authorE.V. Nachodkina, E.V. NachodkinaSearch for more papers by this authorC. Channa, C. ChannaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(00)83160-4AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume70, IssueS22000Pages B140-B140 RelatedInformation