Background The ecological and health effects of chromium depend strongly on its chemical forms. Cr(VI) is hazardous and carcinogenic while Cr(III) sometimes can harm plants and human. Accurate speciation analysis of chromium is therefore essential for environmental monitoring and human health risk assessment. Current analytical methods face issues such as insufficient selectivity of adsorbents, the need for destructive oxidation/reduction steps to change forms, and error propagation caused by indirect calculations through interpolation. Moreover, sample pretreatment methods for solid matrices often neglect the preservation of labile species during processing. These problems seriously hinder the non-destructive speciation analysis of chromium in real samples. Results This work synthesized a novel magnetic pyridyl- and carboxyl-bifunctionalized ion-imprinted nanocomposite by simultaneously grafting 4-vinyl pyridine-Cr2O72- and methylacrylic acid-Cr3+ imprinted polymers on the surface of hybrid monolith-decorated Fe3O4 cores. Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were specifically adsorbed on the well-characterized bifunctional ion-imprinted polymer (MDIIP) at pH 3.0 and 6.0 as their original status respectively and then eluted by dilute alkaline and acidic solutions followed by ICP-MS detection at enrichment factor of 10 fold. MDIIP showed excellent recognition ability to the target species relative to the competitive anions with similar structures to Cr(VI) and cations with similar ionic radii to Cr(III). The adsorption rate of the magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) matrix is still higher than 85% after 5-time use, demonstrating its good reusability attributed to the intermediary hybrid monolith. This DIIP-MSPE-ICP-MS protocol with freezing grinding of samples proved applicable for the speciation analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in drinking and environmental waters, soil and leaf samples. Significance This study reported a magnetic pyridyl- and carboxyl-bifunctionalized ion-imprinted polymer firstly for the simultaneous and non-invasive speciation analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III). Notably, a mild freezing grinding operation was utilized for dissolving and extracting Cr(VI) and Cr(III) from complex samples to keep them intact before MSPE separation and enrichment. Consequently, the bifunctionalized ion-imprinted nanocomposite promises a desirable prospect in the separation and enrichment of inorganic chromium species.

Four novel Dawson polyoxometalate (POM)-based compounds were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, [Cu(bizm)2]6[P2W18O62]& centerdot;H2O (1), [Cu2(2,2 '-bpy)2(nic)2(H2O)]K[H3P2W18O62]& centerdot;2H2O (2), [Cu(2,2 '-bpy)2]2[Cs(nic)][(H2P2W18O62)]& centerdot;H2O (3), [Cu(2,2 '-bpy)(ox)0.5]4[Cu(H2O)5][P2W18O62]& centerdot;9H2O (4) (bizm = benzimidazole, nic = nicotinic acid, 2,2 '-bpy = 2,2 '-bipyridine, ox = oxalic acid) and were characterized by IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Electrochemical performance tests conducted on the four compounds revealed that compound 3 exhibits the most superior capacitive properties, with a specific capacitance of 234.61 F & centerdot;g-1 at a current density of 1.5 A & centerdot;g-1. The comparison of specific capacitances among the four compounds indicates that both transition metal complexes within the POM-based compounds and the presence of alkali metals significantly influence the electrochemical performance. This study not only enriches the structural diversity of Dawson-POM-based compounds but also offers a viable strategy for enhancing the capacitive properties of POM-based materials.

Two novel compounds based on high-nuclear metal-oxygen clusters, copper-amine complexes and alkaline earth metals were successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, with chemical formulae [Cu(en)2]3.5Ba2[H2.5K0.5SiNb18O54]18H2O (1) and [Cu(en)2]5Ba2K2[H13K2Nb31O93]24.5H2O (2) (en = ethylenediamine), respectively. The compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Interestingly, both compounds exhibit 3D grid structures constructed from high-nuclear polyoxoanions, copper-amine complexes, and alkaline earth metals. Beyond synthesis and structural elucidation, the catalytic performance of these compounds in styrene oxidation was investigated, revealing that the incorporation of barium ions plays a critical role in modulating the conversion and selectivity toward styrene oxide.

Six different polyoxotungstate-based transition metal complexes were synthesized through hydrothermal methods. The electrochemical analyses show that compounds 1–6 exhibit different performances and durabilities as electrochemical capacitors.

Three novel organic-inorganic polyoxoniobate-based compounds modified with Cu(II) amine complexes were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions with the chemical formulas as follows: K-0.5[Cu(enMe)(2)](4)[K0.5SiNb12O40(VO)(4.25)](OH)(1.5)9H(2)O (1), K-0.5[Cu(enMe)(2)](4)[K0.5H2PNb12O40(VO)(2)]12.5H(2)O (2), and K-0.5[Cu(enMe)(2)](4)[K0.5H2VNb12O40(VO)(2)]12.5H(2)O (3) (enMe = 1,2-diaminopropane). These compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Notably, while these three compounds exhibit identical cell parameters, they possess distinct stoichiometric compositions and differing polyoxometalate building block structures. Typically, compounds with the same cell parameters are classified as isostructural, sharing identical structures with only minor elemental variations in their compositions. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1-3 represent the first instances of compounds that share the same cell parameters yet are not isostructural. In this study, we not only synthesized these three compounds and thoroughly examined the differences in their structures and properties, but also investigated their catalytic performances as catalysts for the oxidation of styrene.

Helicobacter pylori is a highly successful pathogen that poses a substantial threat to human health. However, the dynamic interaction between H. pylori and the human gastric epithelium has not been fully investigated. In this study, using dual RNA sequencing technology, we characterized a cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA)-modulated bacterial adaption strategy by enhancing the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter-related genes, metQ and HP_0888, upon coculturing with human gastric epithelial cells. We observed a general repression of electron transport-associated genes by cagA, leading to the activation of oxidative phosphorylation. Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures revealed the downregulation of multiple splicing regulators due to bacterial infection, resulting in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of functional genes involved in the cell cycle process in response to H. pylori infection. Moreover, we demonstrated a protective effect of gastric H. pylori colonization against chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mechanistically, we identified a cluster of propionic and butyric acid-producing bacteria, Muribaculaceae, selectively enriched in the colons of H. pylori-pre-colonized mice, which may contribute to the restoration of intestinal barrier function damaged by DSS treatment. Collectively, this study presents the first dual-transcriptome analysis of H. pylori during its dynamic interaction with gastric epithelial cells and provides new insights into strategies through which H. pylori promotes infection and pathogenesis in the human gastric epithelium. IMPORTANCE:Simultaneous profiling of the dynamic interaction between Helicobacter pylori and the human gastric epithelium represents a novel strategy for identifying regulatory responses that drive pathogenesis. This study presents the first dual-transcriptome analysis of H. pylori when cocultured with gastric epithelial cells, revealing a bacterial adaptation strategy and a general repression of electron transportation-associated genes, both of which were modulated by cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA). Temporal profiling of host mRNA signatures dissected the aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of functional genes involved in the cell cycle process in response to H. pylori infection. We demonstrated a protective effect of gastric H. pylori colonization against chronic DSS-induced colitis through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of how H. pylori promotes infection and pathogenesis in the human gastric epithelium and provide evidence to identify targets for antimicrobial therapies.

This study aims to explore the correlation between intestinal toxicity and composition changes of Euphorbia ebracteolata before and after Terminalia chebula soup(TCS) processing. Intragastric administration was performed on the whole animal model. By using fecal water content, inflammatory causes, and pathological damage of different parts of the intestinal tract of mice as indexes, the differences in intestinal toxicity of dichloromethane extraction of raw E. ebracteolata(REDE), dichloromethane extraction of TCS, and dichloromethane extraction of E. ebracteolata after simulated TCS processing(STREDE) were compared, so as to investigate the effect of TCS processing on the intestinal toxicity of E. ebracteolata. At the same time, the component databases of E. ebracteolata and T. chebula were constructed, and the composition changes of diterpenoids, tannins, and phenolic acids in the three extracted parts were analyzed by HPLC-TOF-MS. HPLC was used to compare the content of four diterpenoids including ent-11α-hydroxyabicta-8(14), 13(15)-dien-16, 12-olide(HAO), jolkinolide B(JNB), fischeria A(FA), and jolkinolide E(JNE) in the E. ebracteolata before and after processing and the residue of container wall after processing, so as to investigate the effect of TCS processing on the content and structure of the diterpenoids. The results showed that the REDE group could significantly increase the fecal water content and the release levels of TNF-α and IL-1β from each intestinal segment, and intestinal tissue damage was accompanied by significant infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, compared with the REDE group, the intestinal tissue damage in the STREDE group was alleviated, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells decreased. The intestinal toxicity significantly decreased. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the content of diterpenoids of REDE before and after simulated TCS processing, but a large number of tannins and phenolic acids were added. The results of HPLC showed that the content of four diterpenoids of E. ebracteo-lata decreased to varying degrees after TCS processing, ranging from-0.35% to-19.74%, and the decreased part mainly remained in the container wall, indicating that the structure of toxic diterpenoids of E. ebracteolata was not changed after TCS processing. The antagonistic effect of tannic and phenolic acids in the TCS may be the main reason for the reduced intestinal toxicity of E. ebracteolata after TCS processing. The TCS processing for E. ebracteolata is scientific.

3-(2-Aminoethylamino)propyltriethoxysilane and carboxyethylsilanetriol sodium salt were grafted on silicacoated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles via sol-gel process to prepare novel amine- and carboxyl-bifunctionalized magnetic nanocomposites (SMNPs-(NH 2 + COOH)). After well characterized, this doubly functionalized material was used as magnetic solid -phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent to separate and enrich inorganic chromium species followed by inductively coupled plasma -mass spectrometry detection. The optimization of MSPE operation parameters including pH was conducted. It is reasonably elucidated that the adsorption mechanisms of zwitterionic SMNPs-(NH 2 + COOH) towards chromium species are electrostatic and/or coordination interactions. Cr(VI) and Cr(III) can be adsorbed around pH 3.0 and around 10.0 respectively with strong anti -interference ability not only from other co -existing ions but also from the two labile species each other, and eluted by dilute nitric acid solution. With a 15 -fold enrichment factor, the limits of detection of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were 0.008 and 0.009 mu g L -1 , respectively, profiting from the maximum adsorption capacities of 7.52 and 6.11 mg g -1 . The just one magnetic extraction matrix based speciation scheme possesses excellent convenience and friendliness to Cr(VI) and Cr(III) without any oxidation or reduction prior to capture of these two species. This protocol has been successfully applied to the speciation analysis of inorganic chromium in real -world environmental water samples.

Pinellia ternata, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, contains a strong mucosal irritant that is connected with Pinellia ternata lectin (PTL) in its tubers. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms by which PTL induces inflammation. We found that in RAW264.7 cells, PTL activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which resulted in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy analysis showed that FITC-labeled PTL bound to the macrophages’ surface. Based on kinetic analyses and protein-protein docking simulations, PTL was shown to bind toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).it was demonstrated that PTL binds highly to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 knock-down or knockout resulted in a decrease in both cytokine release and PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathway activation in PTL-stimulated macrophages or mice. RNA-seq analysis showed that genes involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were strongly upregulated in response to PTL stimulation, confirming that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is linked to the inflammatory effect of PTL in RAW264.7 cells. These findings reveal that PTL can mediate inflammation through TLR4 and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR to regulate NF-κB signaling pathways.

Guang Dilong [P. aspergillum (E. Perrier)], is an animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine made from the dried body of Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) (TCM). Due to its widely application and high medical values, preparations of P. aspergillum (E. Perrier) may be adulterated by four other species, including three crucial Pheretima species [P. vulgaris (Chen), P. pectinifera (Mkhaeken), and P. guillemi (Michaelsen)] and one considerable adulteration [Metaphire magna (Chen)]. This study developed a novel and effective strategy for analyzing and authenticating Guang Dilong based on enzymatic digestion of protein. The nanoLC-MS/MS technique used to evaluate complete peptidomics profiles of trypsin-digested samples, resulting in the identification of species-specific peptide biomarkers in P. aspergillum (E. Perrier). The significance of different samples and peptides in the target species set was then investigated using mathematical set theory. Consequently, seven peptides were chosen as prospective biomarkers. Finally, five specific peptide biomarkers for differentiating Guang Dilong with other species were confirmed and validated using UFLC-MS/MS and MRM mode. The suggested technique may also be beneficial in evaluating the quality of other animal-derived goods for safety issues in order to avoid misidentification.

The science of polyoxometalates (POMs) has come a long way since molybdenum blue was first described in 1778 [...].

目的 探究狼毒效应部位中主要萜类成分模拟醋制前后毒、效作用变化,阐释狼毒醋制解毒存效的机制,探寻狼毒醋品质量标志物.方法 将狼毒萜类成分Eupractenoid A(EA)、Jolkinolide B(JNB)、Fischeria A(FA)采用模拟醋制法在160℃加6％冰醋酸加热40 min,以Western blot法分析3种萜类成分醋制前后对巨噬细胞RAW264.7中TNF-α 和IL-1β 蛋白表达水平影响的差异;以Western blot法分析3种萜类成分醋制前后对肾小管上皮细胞HK-2中AQP1及肾集合管上皮细胞mIMCD3中AQP2、3、4蛋白表达水平影响的差异.结果 EA、JNB、FA可诱导巨噬细胞炎症因子TNF-α 和IL-1β 蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05).EA、JNB、FA醋制后致炎毒性均显著下降.EA主要转化产物Euphebracteolatin A(EHTA)无明显促炎毒性.药效评价显示,EA及其模拟醋制产物可显著抑制AQP1、3、4蛋白表达(P<0.05),EA醋制后对AQP1、2、4蛋白表达的抑制作用显著增强(P<0.05).EHTA对肾细胞AQP1、2、3蛋白表达的抑制作用显著强于EA(P<0.05),对AQP4蛋白表达的抑制作用与EA相比无显著性差异,表明EA醋制可增强药效.JNB可显著抑制AQP1、3蛋白表达(P<0.05).其模拟醋制产物可显著抑制AQP1、2、3、4蛋白表达,且JNB醋制后对AQP2、3、4蛋白表达的抑制作用显著增强(P<0.05),表明JNB醋制后药效增强.FA醋制后对AQPs调节作用显著降低(P<0.05),但高剂量组仍起作用.结论 狼毒主要萜类效应成分经模拟醋制后致炎毒性减弱,但醋制后药效总体呈现增强或保留.同时EA转化产物EHTA无明显促炎毒性,药效作用强于其转化前体EA,可作为狼毒醋制品质量控制指标.

Four polyoxoniobate-based compounds, namely [Cu(en)2]4[Cu(en)2(H2O)][VNb12V4O44]·2.25H2O·3OH– (1), [Cu(en)2]4[Cu(en)2(H2O)]3[Cu(en)2(H2O)2]3{[SiNb12Sb2O40]2}·25H2O (2), [Cu(en)2]2[Cu(en)2(H2O)2]4[SiNb12V2O42]·7H2O (3), and [Cu(en)2]3{[Cu(en)2][H2V4Nb6O30]}·12H2O (4) have been successfully synthesized and characterized by using FT-IR, XRD, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, etc. Out of the four compounds, compound 1 is based on a rare four V capped polyoxoniobate cluster [VNb12V4O44]7−, [Cu(en)2]2+, and [Cu(en)2(H2O)]2+ complexes, forming a 1-D chain structure with Cu complexes as bridges. Compound 2 contains a Keggin polyoxoniobate with double Sb caps, and forming a network structure based on Sb capped polyoxoniobates and copper complexes with two different large parallelogram channels. Compounds 3 and 4 have been reported previously by Wang et al[1] and Hu et al[2], respectively. In this work, we not only reported the syntheses, structures and characterizations of these compounds, but also we further investigated the catalytic properties of these four compounds for styrene epoxidation.

目的:研究双抗夹心酶联免疫ELISA法作为半夏及其炮制品中毒蛋白半夏凝集素蛋白(Pinelliaterna-ta lectin,PTL)检查方法的可行性.方法:采用双抗夹心ELISA法,测定半夏不同炮制品中PTL含量.结果:方法学考察结果显示,非线性四参数曲线拟合相关系数r2=0.999 9,表明当PTL浓度在0.075～4.80 ng·mL-1浓度范围内,以非线性四参数拟合曲线计算PTL含量的准确度高,且方法精密度、稳定性、重复性较好.26批半夏生品及75批半夏炮制品(清半夏、法半夏、姜半夏各25批)中半夏中PTL含量均值为30.9 mg·g-1,其炮制品清半夏、法半夏、姜半夏中PTL含量均值分别为0.92 mg·g-1,48.80 μg·g-1,130.32 ng·g-1,表明炮制后PTL含量显著下降,姜半夏中PTL含量最低,其次为法半夏,清半夏含量最高.同时建立半夏不同饮片中内源性毒性蛋白凝集素蛋白限度检查方法,建议清半夏、法半夏、姜半夏中PTL含量分别不超过2.70 mg·g-1、160.0 μg·g-1、510.0 ng·g-1.结论:ELISA法测定半夏凝集素蛋白准确可靠,且成本低,可快速批量测定,可以作为半夏及其炮制品中PTL检查方法.

This paper aimed to improve in vitro dissolution/solubility as well as inhibit intestinal metabolism and thus enhance oral bioavailability for a BDDCS class II drug by constructing surfactant-based amorphous solid dispersions using resveratrol (RES) as a model drug. After preliminary screening of polymers and surfactants, and subsequent prescription optimization, two optimized spray-drying RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs were obtained and exhibited a significant increase in solubility of RES by 2.69-3.45-fold compared to crystalline RES, and by 1.13-1.56-fold compared to corresponding RES-polymer ASDs, maintaining a higher concentration in the dissolution process. A metabolism study using everted sacs showed that two optimized ASDs reduced the concentration ratio of RES-G to RES to 51.66%-52.05% of crystalline RES on the serosal side of the rat everted intestinal sac at 2 h. Consequently, these two RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs achieved significantly higher exposure of RES in the plasma with significant enhancements in Cmax (2.33-2.35-fold higher than crystalline RES, and 1.72-2.04-fold higher than corresponding RES-polymer ASDs), and in AUC 0-∞ (3.51-3.56-fold higher than crystalline RES, and 1.38-1.41-fold higher than corresponding RES-polymer ASDs). These advantages of the RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs in oral absorption of RES were attributed to solubilization by ASDs and metabolic inhibition by UGT inhibitors. The introduction of surfactants including EL and Lab to ASDs plays an important role in inhibiting glucuronidation and further improving solubility. This study demonstrated that such surfactant-based amorphous solid dispersions may serve as a new approach to increase the oral absorption of BDDCS class II drugs.

Two inorganic–organic hybrid complexes based on bi-capped Keggin-type cluster, {([CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[PMoVI8VV2VIV2O40(VIVO)2])[CuI(2,2′-bpy)]}∙2H2O (1) and {[CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[SiMoVI8.5MoV2.5VIVO40(VIVO)2]}[CuI0.5(2,2′-bpy)(H2O)0.5] (2) (bpy = bipyridine), had been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, TGA, PXRD and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Compound 1 consists of a novel 1-D chain structure constructed from [CuI(2,2′-bpy)]+ unit linking bi-supported POMs anion {[CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[PMoVI8VV2VIV2O40(VIVO)2]}−. Compound 2 is a bi-capped Keggin cluster bi-supported Cu-bpy complex. The main highlights of the two compounds are that Cu-bpy cations contain both CuI and CuII complexes. Furthermore, the fluorescence properties, the catalytic properties, and the photocatalytic performance of compounds 1 and 2 have been assessed, and the results show that both compounds are active for styrene epoxidation and degradation and adsorption of Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB) and mixed aqueous solutions.

To determine the content of endogenous toxic substance Pinellia ternata lectin(PTL) protein in Pinelliae Rhizoma and the related processed products, this study prepared specific monoclonal antibodies against PTL by hybridoma cell technology, and established a quantitative double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for PTL antigen. The detection conditions were 2.5 μg·mL~(-1) working concentration of the captured antibody and 1∶450 of the dilution multiple of detected antibody. The coating condition was staying overnight at 4 ℃. The blocking time and incubation times of antigen and detected antibody were all 90 minutes. The incubation time of horseradish peroxidase conjugated streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase(SA-HRP) was 15 minutes. The quantitative limit of the method for PTL antigen was 0.375 ng·mL~(-1). The linear range was 75.000-4 800.000 pg·mL~(-1), and R~2=0.997 1. The recovery rate was 90.0%-110.0%, and the variation coefficients of intra-test and inter-test precision were 2.0%-3.0% and 2.0%-8.5%.The content of PTL in three batches of Pinelliae Rhizoma and the related processed products was determined by the method, and the average content of PTL in Pinelliae Rhizoma was 35.42 mg·g~(-1). The average content of PTL in Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere Et Alumine were 1.15 mg·g~(-1), 16.53 μg·g~(-1), and 122.63 ng·g~(-1), respectively, indicating that the content of PTL decreased significantly after processing. The quantitative double-antibody sandwich ELISA for PTL antigen established in this paper had good linearity, sensitive response, and high accuracy, which provided a simple and effective monitoring method for the detection of PTL content in the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma.

This study investigated the anti-ascites effect of the total saponins of Phytolaccae Radix(PRTS) and the mechanism.H22 cell suspension was used(ip) to induce ascites in ICR male mice, and the model mice were randomized into model group, positive drug group(furosemide, 6 mg·kg~(-1)), total extract of Phytolaccae Radix(PRTE) group, and PRTS(1.29 g·kg~(-1)).Another 10 male mice were selected as the blank group.Mice in the blank group and model group were given(ig) normal saline containing 0.5% CMC-Na, and those in the positive drug group, PRTE group, and PRTS group received(ig) corresponding doses of drugs, once a day, for 8 consecutive days.The ascites volume, urine volume, and fecal water content in mice with ascites, serum levels of antidiure-tic hormone(ADH), renin in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS), angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ), and aldosterone(ALD), expression of aquaporin(AQP)1-AQP4 in kidney, expression of AQP1, AQP3 in colon, and expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3 K/Akt) pathway-related proteins were detected to explore the anti-ascites mechanism of PRTS.The results showed that the PRTS can increase the urine volume and fecal water content and decrease the ascites volume of ascites mice.Moreover, PRTS significantly reduced the expression of AQP1-AQP4 in kidney and AQP1, AQP3 in colon, serum levels of renin, AngⅡ, ALD, and ADH, and the expression of p-PI3 K and p-Akt in the kidney of ascites mice.PRTS exerts anti-ascites effect by promoting urination and defecation.The mechanism is that it inhibits the activities of RAAS and ADH and suppresses the phosphorylation of PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby restricting the expression of AQPs in the kidney and colon.

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(UFLC-MS/MS)法分析蜈蚣中3种酶解多肽成分TD1(LEEDLERSEERL)、TD2(EEKDKALQNAEGEVAAL)、TD3(MILPTGASSF),比较不同品种蜈蚣中肽类成分的差异,寻找蜈蚣特异性多肽,用于蜈蚣的鉴别.方法 3种肽类成分的UFLC-MS/MS法,色谱柱为XSelect HSS T3(4.6 mm×150 mm,3.5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.1％甲酸溶液,梯度洗脱.采用三重四极杆质谱检测器,电喷雾离子化(ESI),正离子模式下多反应监测(MRM)进行信号采集.样品采用正交试验方法,对蛋白提取方法进行优化,最终确定提取方法为蛋白裂解液超声处理60 min.得到的蜈蚣蛋白提取溶液经胃蛋白酶酶解并脱盐后,注入液质联用仪分析.测定了20批蜈蚣及8批其他动物药中3种肽类成分,并对结果进行比较.结果 在地龙、僵蚕、水蛭、土鳖虫和全蝎中未检出TD2和TD3,TD1与TD2在少棘巨蜈蚣与哈氏蜈蚣、墨江蜈蚣中存在较大差异,TD3在少棘巨蜈蚣与黑头蜈蚣、多棘蜈蚣中有较大差异.结论 该方法可用于区分少棘巨蜈蚣与地龙、僵蚕、水蛭、土鳖虫和全蝎,同时通过比较3种肽段的差异,区分药典品种少棘巨蜈蚣和4种常见非药典品种蜈蚣,为蜈蚣的质量评价和基础研究提供参考.

Three compounds based on Ge-V-O clusters were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, XRD, ESR, elemental analysis and X-ray crystal structural analysis. Both [Cd(phen)(en)]2[Cd2(phen)2V12O40Ge8(OH)8(H2O)]∙12.5H2O (1) and [Cd(DETA)]2[Cd(DETA)2]0.5[Cd2(phen)2V12O41Ge8(OH)7(0.5H2O)]∙7.5H2O (2) (1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, en = ethylenediamine, DETA = diethylenetriamine) are the first Ge-V-O cluster compounds containing aromatic organic ligands. Compound 1 is the first dimer of Ge-V-O clusters, which is linked by a double bridge of two [Cd(phen)(en)]2+. Compound 2 exhibits an unprecedented 1-D chain structure formed by Ge-V-O clusters and [Cd2(DETA)2]4+ transition metal complexes (TMCs). [Cd(en)3]{[Cd(η2-en)2]3[Cd(η2-en)(η2-μ2-en)(η2-en)Cd][Ge6V15O48(H2O)]}∙5.5H2O (3) is a novel 3-D structure which is constructed from [Ge6V15O48(H2O)]12− and four different types of TMCs. We also synthesized [Zn2(enMe)3][Zn(enMe)]2[Zn(enMe)2(H2O)]2[Ge6V15O48(H2O)]∙3H2O (4) and [Cd(en)2]2{H8[Cd(en)]2Ge8V12O48(H2O)}∙6H2O (5) (enMe = 1,2-propanediamine), which have been reported previously. In addition, the catalytic properties of these five compounds for styrene epoxidation have been assessed.