Reconstruction of the Holocene history of the eastern Laptev Sea continental margin is based on the downcore records of ice- and iceberg-rafted debris (IRD) and fossil assemblages of benthic and planktic foraminifers in two marine sediment cores obtained from different depths on the continental slope, e. g. 122 and 983 m. The early Holocene (8,2–11,7 cal. ka) is distinguished by its warmest climatic conditions as evidenced by the highest abundance of foraminifers, low IRD content, bioproductivity peaks and high representation of phytodetritus species. At the beginning of the middle Holocene (7,4–8,2 cal. ka), a sharp decrease in foraminifera numbers was recorded, up to their complete disappearance in the core from 122 m water depth. In combination with extremely fine-grained composition of sediments this suggests the development of a thick ice cover, which might have caused a drop in bioproductivity. After 7,4 cal. ka the increasing amount of IRD together with the growing representation of both river-proximal benthic foraminifers and attached epifaunal species indicate climate cooling that has been also recorded previously for the western Laptev Sea. Its manifestations include the growing area of the sea-ice cover, southward shift of the seasonal drift ice margin, and the advance of ice caps on the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago. The IRD peaks with the periodicity of 1–1,5 thousand years are almost synchronous in the west and east of the sea; they coincide with time intervals of 7–7,4, 6,4–6,6, 5–5,8, 2,8–3,8, 1,6–2 and 0,8–1,2 cal. ka.

Донные осадки поднятия Менделеева, изученные по колонке AF-0731 комплексом методов, свидетельствуют о нескольких эпохах высокой биопродуктивности, которые совпадали со стадиями потепления и прогревом водной массы Арктики. В эти периоды осадки обогащались карбонатными микрофоссилиями и крупнозернистым обломочным IRD-материалом, который оседал на дно в результате таяния дрейфующего льда и айсбергов. Вариации 18О-карбоната планктонных фораминифер также свидетельствуют о смене ледниковых и межледниковых эпох и характеризуются низкими значениями в периоды оледенений, особенно терминаций и поступления талых ледниковых вод, и повышенными значениями в периоды межледникового подъема уровня моря и роста солености за счет усиления водообмена с соседними океанами. Измерены значения 87Sr/86Sr в фораминиферах из основания разреза, что позволило рассчитать SIS-возраст (670 ± 50 тыс. лет). Скорость накопления донных осадков поднятия Менделеева в месте отбора колонки AF-0731 в пределах 0,4-0,6 см/тыс. лет.

The structure of a multilayer pillow tubing blend was analyzed. The selected fabric structure was characterized by the use of two types of slightly twisted chemical fibers, carbon and quartz, and two types of basic weaving, irregular 4H satin and a linen variation. The structure of the multilayer combined cloth was studied.

Analytic relationships for use in calculating the viscoelastic parameters from data of tests performed on a tearing machine with constant loading rate are given. A calculation of the viscoelastic parameters for carbon and quartz filaments using the Rzhanitsyn–Koltunov model is presented. The nature of the relaxation processes in filaments capable of forming fabrics from carbon and quartz filaments on a loom is demonstrated.

Simplified formulas for use in establishing the relationship between the tension and strain of base threads and weft on a loom, taking into account their viscoelastic properties, are obtained. It is established that the relationship between the tension and strain of carbon and quartz threads may be described by equations from the nonlinear theory of viscoelasticity.

We present the results from calculation of the damage rate for carbon and quartz warp yarns in manufacture of combination multilayer hollow fabric. The results of our study have demonstrated analytically the feasibility of processing them on a loom.

Multiproxy investigation of sediment core AF-0731 from the Mendeleev Rise revealed several epochs of high bioproductivity corresponding to climate amelioration and surface water mass warming in the Arctic. During these periods, sediments became enriched in carbonate microfossils as well as in coarsegrained ice- and iceberg-rafted debris (IRD) that precipitated from melting sea ice and icebergs. Variability in the δ18О composition of planktic foraminifers also reflects glacial-interglacial periodicity. Low δ18О values correspond to glacial epochs and, especially, glacial terminations with strong meltwater inputs. Increased δ18О values characterize interglacial epochs of sea-level rise and growing salinity due to enhanced water exchange with neighboring oceans. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio was measured in foraminifers from basal core layers, and their SIS-age was estimated at 670 + 50 ka. Sedimentation rates at AF-0731 core site on the Mendeleev Rise varied between 0.4 and 0.6 cm/kyr.

Ранее возраст глубоководных склерактиний определялся только по редким находкам этих кораллов в континентальных толщах, составляющих менее 10% всей современной фауны этих организмов. Поскольку большая часть видов беззооксантеллятных кораллов обитает глубже шельфовой зоны, вплоть до абиссали, и не могут быть встречены в континентальных разрезах, авторами была сделана первая попытка подойти к проблеме определения возраста видов палеоэкологическим путем. Для этого использовались данные о температуре вод океана в геологическом прошлом и температурные диапазоны 53 видов кораллов, установленные авторами. Наши исследования подтвердили ранее высказанное нами предположение об исключительной молодости современной глубоководной фауны.

Until now, the age of deep-water scleractinians was determined based only on rare finds of these corals in terrestrial sequences, which constitute < 10% of their known diversity. Inasmuch as most of the non-zooxanthellate coral species dwell in the ocean beyond the shelf zone (up to the abyssal depths) and their fossil remains are missing from terrestrial sections, we propose a new approach to the assessment of their age based on paleoecological features: the seawater temperatures in the geological past and the habitat temperature ranges established for 53 coral species. The study confirmed our previous assumption concerning the very young age of the deep-water fauna.

The compositions, structures, and microstructures of different types of phosphorites and poorly phosphatized rocks from low atolls in the near-equatorial part of the Western Indian Ocean are described. The rocks were examined under optical and scanning microscopes using microprobing techniques and etching of selected samples with weak solvents as well as with the help of chemical analyses. It is proved that phosphorites have been formed owing to the uneven phosphatization of the primary carbonate rocks; the degree of their phosphatization ranges from traces to 40% P2O5. In the phosphorites, numerous organic remains were encountered; they included fragments of plankton, debris of tortoise shells, and coccoidal and filamentous bacteria-like formations. It is suggested that the phosphorites were formed due to the high local biological productivity over the outer edges of coral reefs and are not related to guano accumulation or to endoupwelling.