早期发现麻风病例是麻风防治的重要环节。张家界永定区曾是湖南省麻风负担较重的地区之一，通过近60年的控制，流行程度明显减轻，麻风病例发现数显著下降，病例发现方式逐步由采用普查、家内接触者检查为主向采取皮肤科门诊和接触者检查为主转变，病例发现延迟期明显缩短。为此，分析不同流行程度时期、麻风病例的发现方式的转变及其影响因素，可为制定麻风病例早期发现的策略和措施提供参考。在荷兰麻风救济会的支持下，我们对该区1953－2010年间发现的869例麻风病例的发现方式及其影响因素进行了分析，现将有关结果报道如下。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of mumps,and to explore the measures for prevention and control of the disease. Methods The cases of mumps in Yongding District,Zhangjiajie during the period of 2005～2009 were statistically analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results Totally 369 cases of mumps were reported in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie from 2005 to 2009,with the incidence rate of 16.76/100,000 per year.82.38% of these cases were aged between 4 and 15 years,and 65.04% were students.A mumps epidemic occurred from June 2007 to July 2008,in which 290 cases were reported in total,with 169 in urban area(96.88/100,000) and 121 in rural area(45.31/100,000).The epidemic peak had lasted for 4 months.An investigation was conducted among 480 students aged from 6 to 12 years by Yongding District CDC in February,2008.The results revealed that the protective rate of mumps vaccine was 64.10%.The coverage rate reached to 92.97% as a result of routine vaccination and emergent vaccination.The epidemic came to the end after August,2008. Conclusions Schools and kindergartens,especially those crowded ones,are the key units of mumps control.Increasing the vaccination coverage rate in children of the right age is the most effective way to prevent mumps.
目的分析2004-2007年永定区肺结核发病水平及流行特征,为预防控制肺结核提供科学依据。方法根据《中国结核病防治规划实施工作指南》,对登记病人的相关资料进行统计分析。结果4年间永定区肺结核年平均发病率为152.93/10万,涂阳登记率为69.14/10万,涂阳发现率为45.21%;以青壮年发病数为最高,发病随年龄增加而上升,男多于女,以农民为主,城区及城郊发病率高于农村;初治涂阳患者治愈率高于复治。结论重视城市流动人群的肺结核防治,继续坚持推行现代结核病控制策略,提高肺结核病人发现率,加强归口管理和督导治疗。
