Экстракцию корней и корневищ Rhaponticum carthamoides проводили 80%-ным этиловым спиртом с последующей очисткой водного концентрата хлороформом. Установлено, что наиболее эффективным экстрагентом для извлечения суммы экдистероидов из очищенного водного раствора является н-бутиловый спирт, обеспечивающий максимальную степень извлечения (97,5 %) уже после шестикратной экстракции, что существенно превышает эффективность исследованных смесей растворителей. Изучены условия распылительной сушки очищенного водного раствора экдистероидов. Показано, что оптимальными являются следующие параметры процесса: температура на входе 150–160 °С, на выходе 60–70 °С, скорость подачи раствора 3 л/ч, давление распыления 0,15 МПа, содержание сухих веществ в растворе 10–15 %. На основании полученных результатов разработана технология получения сухого экстракта корней и корневищ Rhaponticum carthamoides, обеспечивающая выход готового продукта 1,4 % от массы сырья при содержании суммы экдистероидов не менее 10 % The extraction of roots and rhizomes of Rhaponticum carthamoides was carried out using 80% ethyl alcohol followed by purification of the aqueous concentrate with chloroform. It was established that the most effective extractant for isolating total ecdysteroids from the purified aqueous solution is n-butyl alcohol, providing a maximum extraction degree (97.5%) after six extraction cycles, which significantly exceeds the efficiency of the studied solvent mixtures. The spray drying conditions of the purified aqueous ecdysteroid solution were investigated. It was shown that the optimal process parameters are as follows: inlet air temperature 150–160 °C, outlet temperature 60–70 °C, feed rate 3 L/h, atomization pressure 0.15 MPa, dry matter content in the solution 10–15%. Based on the obtained results, a technology for producing a dry extract from roots and rhizomes of Rhaponticum carthamoides was developed, ensuring a yield of 1.4% relative to the raw material mass with a total ecdysteroid content of not less than 10%

The quantitative determination of tannins in the composition of plant raw materials is one of the urgent problems of pharmaceutical analysis. In this regard, the determination of tannins in oak bark, pomegranate peel, grape seeds, and their dry extracts was comparatively analyzed. The tannin content was determined by two methods: potentiometric titration and spectrophotometry. It has been established that the spectrophotometric method based on measuring the optical density of an alcohol-water extract at a wavelength of 275 ± 2 nm is more accurate than potentiometric titration. It was revealed that the content of tannins in the bark of oak growing in different regions of Uzbekistan varies from 8.9 to 11.2

The hypoglycemic activity of sesquiterpene alcohol esters from the roots of Ferula tenuisecta, such as ferutinin, ferutin, teferin, tenuferidin, and fertidin, has been determined. It has been established that these ethers at a dose of 8 mg/kg administered perorally exhibit significant hypoglycemic effects in female rats, reducing blood glucose levels by 99.6

Экстракт, полученный из надземной части Datura stramonium обработкой 90 %-ным этиловым спиртом, фракционировали различными органическими растворителями. При использовании экстракционного бензина получили 0,28 % экстрактивных веществ, хлороформа — 2,24 %, этилацетата — 1,19 %, н-бутанола — 12,43 % к массе сырья. Шесть витанолидов, такие как датуралактон (I), (22R)-7α,27-гидрокси-1-оксовита-2,5,24-триенолид (II), датурататурин А (III), витастрамонолид (IV), (22R)-27-гидрокси-7α-метокси-1-оксовита-3,5,24-триенолид (V) и датураметелин Н (VI) выделены из надземной части Datura stramonium, который был собран в Ферганской области Республики Узбекистан. Их структура была выяснена на основе обширных ИК-, УФ- и ЯМР-спектроскопических исследований. Доказано наличие веществ II, III, V в надземной части Datura stramonium, произрастающего в Узбекистане, а вещество VI впервые выделено из надземной части Datura stramonium. Изучена цитотоксичность химически чистого датураметелина H на линиях раковых клеток, таких как эпителиальная карцинома шейки матки HeLa, аденокарцинома молочной железы HBL-100 (АТСС НТВ 124), аденокарцинома гортани HEp-2 (ATCC:CCL-23), T-лимфобластная лейкемия CCRF-CEM (ATCC:CCL-19), и установлено, что он проявляет выраженную цитотоксичность в концентрации 100 мкМ лишь в отношении клеток T-лимфобластной лейкемии in vitro.

Определена гипогликемическая активность сложных эфиров сесквитерпеновых спиртов, таких как ферутинин, ферутин, теферин, тенуферидин и фертидин, выделяемых из корней Ferula tenuisecta. Установлено, что эти эфиры дозе 8 мг/кг при пероральном введении оказывают выраженное гипогликемическое действие у самок крыс, снижая уровень глюкозы в крови при гипергликемии, индуцированной глюкозной нагрузкой, на 99,6 %, а при гипергликемии, индуцированной аллоксаном, предотвращают летальность в течение 168 ч, которая составляет в контроле 50 %.

Inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to study the elemental composition of the underground and aboveground parts of the Datura stramonium growing on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The obtained data show that 41 elements were found in the composition of the vegetative organs of the D. stramonium, including 6 macroelements (Ca, P, K, Na, S, Mg), 8 essential microelements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Mo), and 6 conditionally essential. Moreover, 6 trace elements (B, Si, Ni, V, As, Li), 16 toxic (Pb, Cd, Ge, Sr, Zr, Tl, Bi, Sn, Sb, W, Ag, Ba, Al, Ga, Ti, Be) and 5 little studied elements (Nb, Cs, Ta, Rb, Re) were identified. It was revealed that among the detected elements in D. stramonium, 3 macroelements (Ca, K and Fe) are contained in a concentration of more than 1000 mg/kg, 4 elements (P, S, Mg, Si) are from 100 to 1000 mg/kg, 3 elements (Na, Mn, B), ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg and the rest were in the range of less than 10 mg/kg. The macroelements were located between each other in the following order: in the roots of the plant Ca (40%)>K (39%)>P (9%)>Mg (6%)>S (4%)>Na (2%), and in the aerial part of the plant Ca (50%)>K (30%)>Mg (9%)>P (7%)>S (3%)>Na (1%). The highest content of essential trace elements in the composition of the roots and aboveground parts of the D. stramonium falls on the share of Fe (n/h 2015.4521 mg/kg, n/h 1516.3041 mg/kg), and among the conditionally essential microelements Si (n/h 397.8607, n/ch 234.4246). It has been established that the higher content of toxic elements in the composition in the underground part of D. stramonium falls on the proportion of A1 (36.92%) and Ti (35.54%), and in the aboveground part of Ga (48.57%) and Al (17.37%), relative to the total content toxic elements. According to the content of salts of heavy metals of the D. stramonium growing in Uzbekistan meets the requirements established by the Global Fund XIV and WHO. Salts of toxic elements Hg were not found. Comparative data showed that in both organs of D. stramonium growing in Uzbekistan, the content of the considered elements is lower than amount of the element of D. stramonium growing in Kazakhstan and South Africa.

The extract obtained from the aerial part of Datura stramonium by treatment with EtOH (90

Five series of samples of the substance containing total flavonoids were obtained from the aerial part of Scutellaria comosa Juz. The characteristics of an adaptogenic preparation being developed were determined by physicochemical studies: yellow crystalline powder, practically insoluble in water and CHCl3, poorly and slowly soluble in MeOH and EtOH (96%), mass loss on drying <= 5%, sulfate ash content <= 0.5%, heavy metal content <= 0.001%. Quantitative spectrophotometric determination of total flavonoids as norwogonin (5,7,8-trihydroxyflavone) revealed that the preparation contained at least 57.18% total flavonoids. Total flavonoids from S. comosa were shown to be a reliable effective tool for increasing the adaptive capabilities of the body, relieving physical fatigue and activating the recovery process.

Lignin is the second-most abundant plant polymer on Earth after cellulose and the first among aromatic biopolymers.Natural lignins are unique organic polymers that hold the plant body together.Lignin performs a number of functions, such as transporting water, strengthening seed coats, protecting from mechanical damage, ultraviolet rays, drought, microorganisms, viruses, insects, and animals.

The factors affecting purification of concentrated extracts obtained from the aerial parts of two Hypericum species (H. scabrum L. and H. perforatum L.) using 80

Для интенсивного экстрагирования инулина из корней одуванчика лекарственного (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.) применен метод экстракции с принудительной циркуляцией экстрагента. Тремя способами получены образцы инулина, который оценивали по выходу и чистоте инулина. На основании полученных данных разработана промышленная технология производства инулина из корней одуванчика лекарственного, заключающаяся в экстракции корней водой при 80 °C, циркуляции экстрагента со скоростью 90 л/ч, концентрировании экстракта до содержания 70 % сухого остатка и осаждения инулина добавлением 95 % этилового спирта в объемном соотношении концентрат — этиловый спирт 1:4, отстаивании в течение 8 ч. В результате получен инулин с выходом 30,0 % от массы сырья с чистотой не менее 80 %. Установлены следующие характеристики: потеря в массе при высушивании — не более 5,0 %; золы — не более 2 %; тяжелые металлы — не более 0,001 %; содержание инулина — не менее 80,0 %. По содержанию токсических элементов, пестицидов и радионуклидов полученный продукт соответствует требованиям стандартов и является безопасным для применения в фармацевтическом производстве

The processes studied of sedimentation and purification of the number of iridoids from the processing waste of the aerial part of Ajuga turkestanica Regel. Brig. (Turkestan tenacious). Based on the results of the research, it was found that for the effective precipitation of iridoids, the ethanol extract from the aerial part of the Turkestan tenacious is concentrated, diluted with water, treated successively with extraction gasoline and ethyl acetate, from the purified solution iridoids and ecdysteroids, are extracted with n-butanol, then the n-butanol extract is concentrated to 1/10 of the initial volume, after which the iridoids are precipitated, by pouring acetone in a volume ratio of n-butanol-acetone 1 : 5, the precipitate is separated and dried. To clean accompanying substances, the dried amount of iridoids is dissolved in ethyl alcohol and re-precipitated by pouring ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of ethyl alcohol-ethyl acetate 1 : 5. Experiments were carried out on the selection of the type of drying apparatus and the establishment of optimal drying conditions. It was revealed that drying the sum of iridoids from the aerial part of the Turkestan tenacious in the "ZPG 150" spray dryer is more optimal than drying in a drying cupboard (vacuum and without vacuum) and an infrared drying cupboard. At the same time, for drying in the "ZPG 150" spray dryer, the dried aqueous solution of iridoids must be prepared as follows: after the second precipitation, the sum of iridoids is dissolved with water until about 7% of the dry residue in the solution is formed and, with the aim of removing residual organic solvents, the aqueous solution of iridoids is concentrated to the content of not more than 15% and not less than 10% of the dry residue. It has been established that to obtain a finished product that is stable in yield and quality, drying an aqueous solution of iridoids in a spray dryer "ZPG 150" must be carried out implemented at a temperature coolant at the inlet 170 °С, at an outlet of 80 °C and a solution feed rate of 80 l/h, spray head rotation speed 8000 rpm and coolant speed 2200 kg/h. Technology has been developed for the production of the substance of iridoids from the waste products of the production of ekdisten from the aerial part of Turkestan tenacious, which allows the rational use of plant raw materials. Approbation of the developed technology showed that the yield of the target product is 1.5% by weight of the raw material.

A method of extraction with forced circulation of extractant was used for exhaustive extraction of inulin from dandelion roots (Taraxacum officinaleWigg.). Inulin samples were obtained by three methods that were evaluated by inulin yield and purity. The results were used to develop an industrial technology for inulin production from dandelion roots that consisted of extraction of roots with water at 80°C, circulation of the extractant at a rate of 90 L/h, concentration of the extract to 70

Изучены факторы, влияющие на процесс очистки концентрированных экстрактов зверобоя, полученных при использовании 80 % этилового спирта из надземных частей двух видов растения Hypericum — H. scabrum L. (зверобой шероховатый) и H. perforatum L. (зверобой продырявленный). Установлено, что пятикратная обработка экстракционным бензином, последовательная шестикратная экстракция этилацетатом позволяет получать сухой экстракт с содержанием не менее 0,29 % гиперицина. Для получения сухого экстракта зверобоя рекомендована распылительная сушка в условиях: температура теплоносителя на входе 160 – 180 °C и на выходе 80 – 90 °C, скорость подачи раствора — 5 л/ч, давление воздуха, подаваемого на форсунку, — 0,15 МПа и концентрация раствора — 15 %. Разработана единая технология производства субстанции «Сухой экстракт зверобоя» из надземных частей H. scabrum и H. perforatum, позволяющая получить готовый продукт, отвечающий требованиям зарубежных фармакопей.

As a result of pharmacological studies, it was revealed that the sum of flavonoids from the aboveground part of the plant Scutellaria comosa (Lamiaceae family) has adaptogenic and antihypoxic effects. For the introduction into medical practice of a drug based on the sum of flavonoids, studies have been conducted on the standardization of raw materials – the aboveground part of the crested helmet. The analysis of plant raw materials by TLC and HPLC methods showed that the dominant flavonoid of the aboveground part of the crested skullcap is isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. A differential spectrophotometric technique has been developed for the quantitative determination of the sum of flavonoids of the aboveground part of the crested helmet in terms of isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The optimal parameters for the extraction of vegetable raw materials are: extraction with 70% ethyl alcohol in a boiling water bath for 60 minutes in the ratio "raw material – extractant" – 1 : 100, the degree of grinding of raw materials – 2 mm. It was found that with the differential version of spectrophotometric analysis, the flavonoids – AlCl3 system reaches equilibrium after 40 minutes. The maximum of the differential absorption spectrum of the alcohol extraction of Scutellaria comosa is observed at 346 nm and can be used to analyze this group of compounds. The content of the sum of flavonoids in the aboveground part of the crested helmet varies from 9.72% to 10.27%. In order to establish the optimal harvesting time of plant raw materials, the content of the sum of flavonoids was determined by the vegetation periods of the plant in terms of isoscutellarein 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and it was determined that the maximum accumulation of the sum of flavonoids is observed during the flowering period (10.13% of the weight of air-dry raw materials).

Wastes from processing aerial parts of Ferula tenuisecta and Ferula kuhistanica (extracts obtained by processing the condensed aqueous EtOH extract with extraction benzine) were studied. The waste was shown to contain neutral lipids with high contents of unsaturated fatty acids ( F. tenuisecta , 58.4%; F. kuhistanica , 63.1%). The main fatty acids of the wastes were linolenic, linoleic, and oleic; the major ones, palmitic and its homologs of the C 10 -C 22 series. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that the oil composition prepared from lipids and lipophilic substances obtained from processing wastes of the aerial part of F. kuhistanica had a pronounced positive effect on healing of planar full-thickness skin wounds in mice (reduction of inflammatory edema, increased contraction followed by accelerated filling of wounds with granulation tissue and their epithelialization) and incised linear wounds in rats (increased regenerative processes in the wound area and a significant increase in the strength of the resulting scar).