The amphiphilic humic acid ester ether (HAEE), as a kind of solid-phase extractant with characteristics of easy separation and hydrophilic-hydrophobic amphiphilic property, was prepared and used to extract micro or trace nitrofen, 2,4-dichlorophenol and p-nitrotrophenol (NIPs) from water and soil. Degradation of NIPs and extractant regeneration were carried out by simple photocatalysis. The adsorption equilibrium of the mono- or three mixed NIPs by HAEE in aqueous could be quickly reached within 20 min. The adsorption process was fit to quasi-second-order kinetics model and Friendlich thermodynamics model. The possible adsorption interaction was discussed. Results suggested that the adsorption of NIPs onto HAEE predominated by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and pi-pi interaction. The extraction capacity of mixed NIPs (80 mu g/L each component) by HAEE was up to 0.38 mg/g and tended to be multi-layer adsorption, in which p-nitrotrophenol had higher adsorption competitiveness because of lower resistance to HAEE. When HAEE-NIPs were degraded by photo-catalyst Fe-0/F-TiO2 for 8 h, not only the adsorbed NIPs could be totally degraded and mineralized, but also the HAEE could be effectively regenerated. When the NIPs were continuously extracted from 40-year aging soil for three times (regenerative twice) by combined extractant (48 mL H2O + 2 mL n-hexane + 0.1 g HAEE), the total extraction efficiency of NIPs could reach to 84.66%. This research could supplement the theory and technique for harmless treatment of NIPs contaminated water and soil.

H2O2 has been widely applied in the fields of chemical synthesis, medical sterilization, pollutant removal, etc., due to its strong oxidizing property and the avoidable secondary pollution. Despite of the enhanced performance for H2O2 generation over g-C3N4 semiconductors through promoting the separation of photo-generated charge carriers, the effect of migration orientation of charge carriers is still ambiguous. For this emotion, surface modification of g-C3N4 was employed to adjust the migration orientation of charge carriers, in order to investigate systematically its effect on the performance of H2O2 generation. It was found that ultrathin g-C3N4 (UCN) modified by boron nitride (BN), as an effective hole-attract agent, demonstrated a significantly enhanced performance. Particularly, for the optimum UCN/BN-40% catalyst, 4.0-fold higher yield of H2O2 was obtained in comparison with the pristine UCN. As comparison, UCN modified by carbon dust demonstrated a completely opposite tendency. The remarkably improved performance over UCN/BN was ascribed to the fact that more photo-generated electrons were remained inside of triazine structure of g-C3N4, leading to the formation of larger amount of 1,4-endoxide. It is anticipated that our work could provide new insights for the design of photocatalyst with significantly improved performance for H2O2 generation.

Traditional TiO2 photocatalyst has the disadvantages of weak visible-light responsibility, fast combination of photo-generated electron and hole, which significantly degrade its photocatalytic degradation activity. Therefore, fluorine and carbon co-introduced TiO2 was synthesized at a relatively low calcination temperature via a modified sol-gel method, and then be thoroughly characterized to explore the structure-performance relationship. It was found the optimum catalyst FCT-200 prepared at calcination temperature of 200 °C exhibited remarkably enhanced visible-light absorption and restrained photo-generated carrier combination, which should be attributed to the F, C elements co-introduction, lower crystallization degree, and smaller particle size of anatase TiO2. With such advantages, the catalyst therefore demonstrated satisfactory photocatalytic degradation activity for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) under visible-light irradiation. The apparent degradation rate reached as high as 0.41971 h−1, almost 42 folds higher than P25. It is anticipated that the fluorine and carbon co-introduced TiO2 photocatalyst presented in this work could provide a new insight into significantly improving the photocatalytic performance of TiO2.

Observation of ferromagnetic and granular superconductive features in highly-oriented-pyrolytic-graphite (HOPG) has recently attracted an important attention. We report a novel temperature dependent XRD and SQUID investigation of HOPG in the temperature range from 300.15 to 77.15 K. Unusual hysteresis features indicate the possible presence of vortex states in conditions of magnetic field approximately perpendicular to the HOPG layers. This interpretation is further supported by additional measurements performed on intermediate lamellae extracted by exfoliation. Evidence of a possible structural-transition in the c-axis of HOPG in the temperature range between 77 K and 100K is also provided by using the Rietveld refinement method. ZFC and FC measurements performed at high field values of 5000–10000 Oe, together with mFC-mZFC subtraction, highlight absence of a sharp depletion of the difference between magnetization signals towards zero. These observations may indicate the possible presence of additional unsaturated weak features, which are ascribed to superconductive signals as previously predicted by Scheike et al (Scheike et al 2013 Carbon; 59:140).

Simultaneous high activity and selectivity are highly desired in heterogeneous catalysis of various important organic intermediate compounds. In the present investigation, we realized ultra-high selective hydrogenation of quinoline to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (py-THQ) under atmospheric conditions by encapsulating 7 +/- 2 nm Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) inside the 10 +/- 2 nm nanochannels of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). For the prepared Pd@CNTs catalysts, the encapsulated PdNPs was found to selectively absorb the nitrogen heterocyclic ring of quinoline, which led to the increase of average length of C-C bonds in the heterocyclic ring, further resulting in selective activation of the heterocyclic ring and similar to 100% selectivity to py-THQ. The DFT calculations confirmed the selective hydrogenation feature of Pd@CNTs. In contrast, the Pd-CNTs catalyst with PdNPs supported on the outer surface of CNTs is incapable of selectively activate the heterocyclic ring of quinoline, showing poor selectivity and catalytic activity. The Pd@CNTs catalysts also exhibited universal ultra-high selectivity to other quinoline derivatives (7-Methylquinoline, quinaldine and quinoxaline) and oxygen heterocyclic compounds (2,3-benzofuran). Due to the confined effect, the Pd@CNTs catalysts presented superior cycling stability to the Pd-CNTs and activated carbon (AC) impregnated with Pd (Pd-AC) catalysts. The Pd@CNTs catalyst was also found to highly stable in air storage for months, without loss of activity.

Presence of high temperature superconductivity in highly-oriented-pyrolytic-graphite (HOPG) and water-doped-graphite has recently attracted important attention. In the latter, analogy with red-wine-doped FeTe1−x Sx superconductors has been proposed. We report a novel T-XRD investigation of red-wine-doped-HOPG at the magic angle (average θmisfit between the layers ∼0.8° as revealed by TEM and Moiré pattern analyses) from 77 K to 673 K. Anomalous T-induced depletion in the intensity of the 004 HOPG-reflection from 77 K to 348 K is demonstrated. Similar depletion features could be also found in comparative measurements performed in water doped HOPG samples. Significant deviation from the linear c-axis expansion predicted by the α-factor is shown together with a depletion in the graphitic c-axis shift-values for wine doped samples. EPR analyses are also provided and reveal a transition at 77 K implying possible presence of a change in the magnetic ordering (i.e. ferromagnetism) at low temperature. VSM analyses supported further the T-XRD results, by revealing presence of magnetic transition at approx. 350 K together with unusual superconductive-like hysteretic features at 250 K and 300 K which are not compatible with ferromagnetism.

Cowhide collagen fibers were used as biotemplates to prepare a series of fibrous SO42-/ZrO2-NiO solid acid catalysts. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N(2 )adsorption/desorption isotherms and the temperature-programmed decomposition (TPD), respectively. The characterization suggested that the SO42-/ZrO2-NiO catalysts have well-defined fibrous morphology which maintains the fibrous structure of cowhide collagen fibers. TPD of ammonia indicated that the catalyst had both medium strong acidic sites and strong acidic sites. The esterification of acetic acid with n-butanol was utilized as model reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance of the catalysts. The catalyst has exhibited high catalytic activity and good reusability.

催化氧化苯甲醇是制备苯甲醛的一种简便高效的方法.以天然高分子黑荆树单宁（BWT）为两亲性稳定剂,制备水溶性钯纳米胶体催化剂,用于苯甲醇的氧化反应.采用透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）等表征手段表征所制备催化剂的形貌,探讨制备条件对催化剂形貌的影响.TEM测试表明,单宁的用量对胶体中钯纳米粒子的粒径具有显著的影响,随着BWT用量从2 mg增加到60 mg,Pd粒子的粒径呈现减小趋势.FT-IR测试表明,BWT通过其结构中大量的酚羟基对Pd纳米粒子进行稳定和分散.系统考察单宁用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对Pd纳米胶体在苯甲醇氧化反应中活性的影响,结果表明:当BWT用量为15 mg时制备的BWT15 mg-Pd胶体催化剂在50℃,空气气氛下8 h催化苯甲醇的转化率高达98.58%; BWT用量对催化剂重复使用性能也有显著的影响,BWT15 mg-Pd可以重复使用5次转化率仍然在90%以上,明显优于BWT5 mg-Pd和BWT60 mg-Pd.

Developing amphiphilic colloid catalysts is essentially important for realizing environmentally benign biphasic catalysis under atmospheric conditions. Herein, a linear structured plant polyphenol was employed as an amphiphilic stabilizer for preparing a series of amphiphilic Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) colloids. For the as-prepared PdNPs colloids, the phenolic hydroxyls of plant polyphenols were responsible for the stabilization of PdNPs, whereas the rigid aromatic scaffold of plant polyphenols effectively suppressed the PdNPs from aggregation by providing a high steric effect. Thanks to the coexistence of hydrophilic phenolic hydroxyls and hydrophobic aromatic rings, the plant polyphenols induced tunable amphiphilic properties into the PdNPs, allowing an easier wetting of PdNPs with the substrate molecules. By tuning the content of plant polyphenols in the colloid, the particle size (3.17-4.73 nm) and the dispersity of the PdNPs were facilely controlled. When applied for atmospheric oxidation of insoluble alcohols in water by air, the amphiphilic PdNPs preferentially absorbed the alcohol substrates to create a relatively high-substrate-concentration microenvironment, which improved the mass transfer in the biphasic catalysis, allowing the proceeding of low-temperature (50 °C) atmospheric oxidation of diverse alcohols with high catalytic conversion, including aliphatic alcohols, cyclic aliphatic alcohols, and aromatic alcohols. Furthermore, the amphiphilic PdNPs colloid also exhibited excellent reusability with a conversion yield high up to 97.96% in the fifth cycle. In contrast, the control catalysts of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)- and poly(ethylene glycol)-stabilized PdNPs were completely inactivated in the fifth cycle. As a consequence, our findings provided a new route for developing an environmentally benign aqueous colloid catalyst that is both highly active and recyclable for mild biphasic oxidation reaction systems.

The ceria-zirconia composites (CZ) with a Ce/Zr mass ratio of 1/1 were synthesized by a back-titration method, in which the influence of precipitation temperature on the properties of ceria-zirconia precipitates was investigated. The resulting precipitation and mixed oxides at different precipitation temperatures were then characterized by a range of techniques, including textural properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H-2-temperature programmed reduction (H-2-TPR) as well as oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurement. The results revealed that ceria-zirconia composites were formed as solid solution and such structure is favored of thermostability and texture properties. In particular, the composite CZ-70 synthesized at 70 degrees C exhibited prominent thermostability with a surface area of 32 m(2)/g as well as a pore volume of 0.15 cc/g after aging treatment at 1000 degrees C for 5 h. And this was found to be associated with the wider pore size distribution which maybe owed to the formation of large crystal at the primary stage of precipitation. Additionally, the composite CZ-70 showed excellent reduction property and OSC benefiting from stable texture and structure. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Objective: To observe the change of heart rate variability in anesthetized mice after electroacupuncture on PC6 and ST36, and compare the difference between these points.Methods: A total of 33 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control, PC6 and ST36 groups with 11 mice in each group. The electrocardiogram was recorded by two needle electrodes. The HRV data were analyzed by time and frequency analysis with heart rate,Standard Deviation of R-R Intervals and LF/HF Ratio.Result: During the EA at PC6, SDRR was significantly increased（P ＜ 0.05） and maintained with a significantly higher level at the end of experiment, and the LF/HF ratio was gradually increased throughout the experiment. During the EA at ST36, SDRR was significantly increased（P ＜ 0.05） and there was no observable tendency of the change in LF/HF ratio during the experiment. In comparison with control, the HR of group PC6 mice decreased significantly during EA stimulation（P ＜ 0.01） and continued declining throughout the experiment（P ＜ 0.05）. Time spectral analysis of the ECG recordings showed that control mice had significantly lower SDRR compared to group PC6 and group ST36 after EA stimulation（P ＜ 0.05）. SDRR was significantly increased when measured at 90 mins after EA in group PC6 in comparison with control（P ＜ 0.01）.EA at PC6 caused a significant increase than ST36 in SDRR when measured at Stim.（P ＜ 0.05） and 90 mins after EA（P ＜ 0.01）.Conclusion: EA at PC6 and ST36 protected anesthesia mice against decline of HRV. In comparison with ST36, the effect of EA at PC6 was more significant, which was caused by the increase of the sympathetic nerve activities from the postganglionic fibers with the same spinal cord segments to heart.

The catalytic activity, hydrothermal aging resistance, and sulfur tolerance of a Pd-Pt-based methane oxidation catalyst were evaluated in a fixed fluidized bed reactor containing simulated lean-burn natural gas vehicle exhaust gases. Zirconium-doped Pd-Pt/Al2O3 (Pd-Pt/ZrxAl(1-x)O(3+x)/2) was found to significantly improve the catalytic activity, hydrothermal aging resistance, and sulfur tolerance. Zr-modified alumina supports were prepared by co-precipitation with molar ratios of Zr to Al of 0: 1, 0.25 : 0.75, 0.5: 0.5, 0.75 : 0.25, and 1: 0. The Pd-Pt bimetallic catalysts containing 1.5% (w, mass fraction) Pd and 0.3% (w) Pt supported on the above-modified composite supports were prepared by the co-impregnating method. The catalysts were characterized by N-2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction(XRD), H-2 temperature-programmed reduction (H-2-TPR), O-2 temperature-programmed desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the crystallinity of the samples, dispersion of the active component, number of Pd2+ species, and electron density around Pd2+ species increase after addition of ZrO2 to Al2O3 supports. Compared with the activity results of Pd-Pt/Al2O3 and Pd-Pt/ZrO2 catalysts after different pretreatment conditions, the performance of the catalyst is greatly enhanced by adding ZrO2. in the Al2O3 supports, and Pd-Pt/Zr0.5Al0.5O1.75 shows the best catalytic activity, strongest hydrothermal aging resistance, and highest sulfur tolerance among the investigated catalysts.

Four kinds of support materials, i.e. a thermally stable material La2O3-Al2O3(LA), three oxygen storage materials CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3-Al2O3(CZLA), CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3+La2O3-Al2O3(CZL+LA) and CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3(CZL) with ceria content of 15%, 33% and 47%, respectively, were prepared by co-precipitation. The corresponding Pd-only catalysts Pd/LA, Pd/CZLA, Pd/CZL+LA and Pd/CZL were obtained by wet-impregnation and further fabricated as three-way catalysts in a monolith form. The support materials were characterized by low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption and H-2-temperature programmed reduction (H-2-TPR). The catalysts were characterized by H-2-TPR and XPS, and were evaluated with a simulated automobile exhaust in terms of the relationships of three way performance with the air/fuel operation window and with temperatures. The results indicate that the support material CZLA integrates the advantages of ceria-based and alumina-based materials effectively thus having superior textural property, thermal stability and reduction property. Additionally, Pd/CZLA catalyst shows little difference in low temperature reducibility, surface elemental distribution and elemental oxidation states before and after aging treatment. As a result, Pd/CZLA exhibits the widest air/fuel operation window and the lowest light-off temperature among the four catalysts, especially after aging treatment, the light-off temperature of C3H8, NOx and CO is 370 degrees C, 257 degrees C, 223 degrees C, respectively. Then material CZLA is the most suitable support for Pd-only three-way catalyst compared with the other three supports.

The close-coupled catalysts Pd/Al2O3 and Rh-Pd/Al2O3 were prepared by the impregnation method and characterized by H2 temperature-programmed reduction, CO chemisorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both overall catalytic activity and specific reactions associated with C3H8 elimination were assessed. The light-off temperature and complete conversion temperature decreased by 23 and 18 °C, respectively, upon addition of Rh to the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. The addition of Rh promotes the catalytic activity during C3H8 reactions, particularly in the presence of NO. The introduction of Rh not only inhibits sintering of PdOx and increases the dispersion of these same species, but also changes the electronic state of the PdOx in the catalyst.

The composite support CeZrYLa+LaAl was prepared by a co-precipitation method, and Pt–Rh bimetallic catalysts were fabricated on this support using different preparation procedures. The catalytic activities of these materials were tested in a gas mixture simulating the exhaust from a stoichiometric natural gas vehicle. The as-prepared catalysts were also characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption and H2-temperature-programmed reduction. It was found that the order of activities for CH4, CO and NO conversion was Cat3 ≈ Cat2 > Cat1, where Cat3 had the lowest light-off temperature (T50) for CO (114 °C) and NO (149 °C), the lowest complete conversion temperature (T90) for CH4 (398 °C) and CO (179 °C), and the lowest ΔT (T90–T50) for CH4 (34 °C) and CO (65 °C). Cat2 showed the lowest T50 for CH4 (342 °C), the lowest T90 for NO (174 °C), and the lowest ΔT for NO (17 °C). Cat1 had the highest T50 and T90 and the largest ΔT out of all three catalysts. Indicating that Pt–Rh bimetallic catalysts (Cat2 and Cat3) prepared by physically mixing Pt and Rh powders exhibited much better catalytic activity than those (Cat1) prepared by co-impregnation, since homogeneous Pt and Rh sites made a significant contribution to CH4/CO/NO conversions. In contrast, strong Pt–Rh interactions in the co-impregnation materials affected the oxidation states of Pt, and the Pt-enriched surface blocked active Rh sites. Moreover, Cat3 was prepared by adding additives (La3+, Zr4+ and Ba2+) into the physically mixed Pt–Rh catalysts. XRD results demonstrated that the additive cation (Zr4+) was incorporated into the CeO2–ZrO2 lattice, thus creating a higher concentration of defects and improving the O2-mobility. XPS results showed that the Cat3 had the highest Ce3+/Ce ratio, suggesting the presence of a significant quantity of oxygen vacancies and cerium in the Ce3+ state. All of these further promoted the three-way catalytic activity and widened the air-to-fuel working-window.

Composite support CeZrYLa + LaAl was prepared by co-precipitation, and platinum catalyst supported on the composite support was prepared by impregnation. The behavior of the Pt catalyst for the reaction of NO reduction by CH4 from the exhausts of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) was studied under stoichiometric conditions. Additionally, the effects of 10% (volume fraction, phi) H2O and stoichiometric O-2 on the reaction in the presence of CO2 were also investigated. Results show that N-2 and CO2 were the main products for the different reactions, CO was detected under high temperature, and NO was detected under low temperature (in the presence of O-2, the NO was NO2, whereas the NO was N2O when no O-2 was present). In the presence of 10% (phi) H2O, the conversion of CH4 noticeably decreased and NO conversion remained unchanged, possibly because the presence of H2O weakens the reforming reaction of CH4 with CO2, but does not affect the activity of NO reduction by CH4. In the presence of stoichiometric O-2, there was an obvious increase of CH4 conversion and a decrease of NO conversion. These could be explained by the competition between NO and O-2, where the oxidation of methane by O-2 is the main reaction, limiting the reaction of NO reduction by CH4. Moreover, in the presence of 10% (phi) H2O and stoichiometric O-2, CO2 reforming of CH4 was negligible. Numerous reactions were detected simultaneously, such as the oxidation of CH, by NO, steam reforming of CH4, and the reduction of NO by CH4, thus improving the conversions of CH4 and NO.

泰国电子商务正在逐步的增长，本文基于泰国CP All 大众有限公司Shopat7.com电子商务业务，选取物流因素(物流中运输时间和运输费用两个因素)作为基础，针对泰国Shopat7.com 顾客进行网上调查。旨在研究1）参与电子商务网购客户的各种变量（产品类别、年龄、性别、收入、住址）与物流因素的关系2）各种变量与物流时间和费用的敏感度测试。运用定量研究方法，通过相关性分析、敏感度分析等研究，得出结论：（1）物流因素的选择与年龄与住址有密切的联系；（2）各变量因素之间与运输时间敏感程度有不同，其中婴儿用品/玩具和营养食品、6-24岁的消费者、高收入的消费者、曼谷市区的消费者对于物流时间较为敏感；（3）家居用品、6-24岁的消费者、女性消费者、高收入消费者、曼谷市区的消费者对于物流费用比较敏感。通过此结果可以清晰地掌握消费者对于物流情况的感知，以及消费者在网购过程中对于物流时间与价格的选择，并对CP ALL 大众有限公司附属Shopat7.com电子商务营销发展等具有一定的实践意义。 With the growing of ecommerce in Thailand, this is a case study of CP All Public Company Limited’s shopat7.com on ecommerce and logistic. Using logistic factors comprising of cost and time as dependent variable, the study conducts the online survey on the company’s customers. The objective is to find out 1) the relationship between dependent variables and independent variables (i.e. type of product, customer age, gender, income and home location), and 2) the sensitivity analysis of above variables on logistic cost and time. This is a quantitative study focusing on correlation and sensitivity analysis. The results reveal that 1) logistic factor is related to customer age and home location, 2) infant products/toys and supplements, 6-24 year-old customers, high income customers, and customers with home location in Bangkok are sensitive to logistic time, and 3) home decor items, 6-24 year-old customers, female customers, high income customers, and customers with home location in Bangkok are sensitive to logistic cost. The results will help business operation to better understand customer perception on logistic, and provide insight for development of responsive strategy for the Shopat7.com.