The possibility of obtaining thin continuous plasma-electrolyte protective oxide coatings on VT1-0 titanium in a nickel sulfate alkaline electrolyte without the addition of silicates in the sparking mode was studied. The elemental composition and the microstructure of coatings manufactured via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) both on the substrate and after the destruction of the coating in 25

The slow strain rate testing (SSRT) method was used to study the effect of coatings on the susceptibility of the low-alloyed steel with a strength grade X70 to stress corrosion cracking in the neutral environment.

The influence of Microarc Oxidation (MAO) modes of titanium substrate in electrolytes of the original composition is investigated. Used electrolytes no contain sodium silicate but includes nickel sulphate, sodium aluminate and alkali. The morphology and composition of the obtained coatings were studied by electron microscopy. The electrochemical behaviour was studied using polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Proposed Equivalent circuits are adequately corresponded to experimental EIS data with no more 6% error. The dependence between the elements of the Equivalent circuits and the morphological characteristics depending on the processing is considered. It is shown that MAO coatings on titanium have high corrosion resistance in an aggressive sulphuric acid. The electrochemical properties of coatings undergo irreversible changes in the direction of deterioration after anodic polarisation. It has been established that nickel doping of MAO coatings on titanium does not allow them to serve as anode materials.

E. M. Sorokin, O. I. Yakovlev, E. N. Slyuta, M. V. Gerasimov, M. A. Zaitsev, V. D. Shcherbakov, K. M. Ryazantsev, S. P. Krasheninnikov, V. Y. Shklover. Vernadsky Institute RAS, 119991 st. Kosygin 19, Moscow, Russia, (egorgeohim@ya.ru), Institute of Space Research RAS, 117997, st. Profsoyuznaya 84/32, Moscow, Russia, Moscow State University, Geological Faculty 119991 Lenin Hills Moscow, Russia, "Systems for Microscopy and Analysis" (SMA), 121353 Skolkovskoe highway 45, Moscow, Russia.

One of the signs of "space weathering" on the Moon, including the effect of the solar wind and micrometeorite bombardment, is the formation of nanophase metallic iron (np-Fe-0) in the lunar regolith, which is observed in condensate films on the surface of regolith mineral grains and in agglutinate glasses. The results of pulsed laser experiments simulating a micrometeorite "impact" on a basalt target are reported. Iron nanoglobules structured into chains and most likely marking the front of the shock wave were discovered in its melt products. The experiments clearly showed that np-Fe(0)may be formed without participation of a reducing agent, such as implanted hydrogen ions of the solar wind, as well as bypassing the process of iron condensation from shock-generated vapor. The similar np-Fe(0)chain structures were detected in the impact glass of the lunar regolith.

The shock-explosive processing of rocks by micrometeorite and meteorite bombardment on the surface of the Moon and other airless bodies of the solar system is a dominant geological and geochemical process that produces the loose layer of regolith. The paper presents results of modeling the process of a micrometeorite impact using a millisecond laser. The targets in the experiment were a sample of basalt of composition similar to those of basalts at Moon’s mare areas and a sample of basalt glass obtained by melting this basalt. At the laser “impact”, products ejected from the crater (glass spherules, droplets of various shapes, and condensates) and melting products in the crater were studied by electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis with energy-dispersive spectrometers, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence analysis. It has been shown that the glasses (melt drops) obtained in the experiment with the basalt target are characterized by a heterogeneous distribution of chemical composition. They were mixed in variable proportions as a result of melting the original minerals of the basalt. The spherules that have undergone significant evaporation differentiation in the experiment with a basalt target (crystalline basalt) make up about 25%. When the target was basalt glass, the proportion of the spherules (that have undergone profound evaporative differentiation) was ~90%. The glass was depleted in high- and medium-volatility components (Na2O, K2O, FeO, etc.). The most strongly differentiated glasses corresponded to high-alumina HASP glasses found on the Moon (Al2O3 > 34 wt %, SiO2 < 32 wt %).

Novel biodegradable biocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) nanofibers with embedded iron oxide nanoparticles enriched with 57Fe isotope have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and macroscopic magnetization techniques.

Методами трансмиссионной электронной микроскопии, мёссбауэровской спектроскопии, динамического светорассеяния, малоуглового рентгеновского рассеяния и измерения макроскопической намагниченности охарактеризованы новые терапевтические, биоразлагаемые, фибриллярные биокомпозиты на основе нановолокон поли‑3-гидроксибутирата, содержащие магнитные наночастицы оксида железа, обогащённого изотопом железа 57 Fe.

The paper is dedicated to a comparative study of pharmaceutical properties of magnetite containing liposomes. We have investigated two types of liposomes: 1) magnetic shell liposomes containing magnetic nanoparticles in the coating lipid bilayer and 2) magnetic core liposomes containing the nanoparticles in the internal volume (water phase). Both types of liposomes were obtained by the thin film hydration method from phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Fluorescent dye 5,6-carboxyfluorescein was used as a marker substance to indicate release. The dimensional characteristics, the degree of dye release under the influence of an alternating magnetic field, the speed of spontaneous release and the stability of liposomes during storage were investigated. It has been shown that liposomes with nanoparticles in the internal space are more stable, have low rate of spontaneous release of the incorporated substance, but the rate of release under the influence of an alternating field is also low. Liposomes with magnetic nanoparticles inside the lipid bilayer have high release degree influenced by alternating magnetic field, but they are less stable during storage and more prone to spontaneous loss of the active substance.

The local phase composition was studied in the vicinity of indentations for partially stabilized zirconia crystals doped with rare-earth ions with constant and variable valence. Our aim was to study the effect of co-doping rare-earth ion type (Сe3+, Сe4+, Nd3+ and Yb3+) on the intensity of the tetragonal to monoclinic transition which determines the transformation hardening mechanism in the crystals. We demonstrated the effect of co-doping ion type on the degree of the tetragonal to monoclinic transition. The phase transition is the most intense in ceria ion doped crystals, this being one of the factors contributing to their high fracture toughness.

The influence of growth and subsequent heat treatment conditions on the parameters of two-micron lasing in (ZrO2)0.86(Y2O3)0.136(Ho2O3)0.004 crystals at the 5I7→5I8 transition of Ho3+ ions has been investigated. We show that the lasing properties of the material of the active element can be improved by reduction of the growth rate which leads to an increase in the optical homogeneity of the single crystals and by annealing of the crystals after growth which relieves thermoelastic residual stresses.

The influence of nickel sulfate additives to acid and basic electrolytes for microarc oxidation on the structure, composition, and properties of coatings formed on VT1-0 titanium were studied to produce poorly soluble titanium anodes. We established the possibility of incorporating nickel (nickel oxide) into the composition of coatings. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the coatings contained nickel oxide β-NiO with a cubic lattice, TiO2 in the form of rutile, and SiO2 in the form of high-temperature β-cristobalite. The maximum thickness and nickel content in the surface layer and the minimum values of both the anodic dissolution currents and the electrical strength were obtained for the coatings formed in silicate-alkali (3 g/L KOH + 4.5 g/L Na2SiO3) electrolyte with the addition of 1 g/L of nickel sulfate NiSO4.

We developed a time-of-flight neutral gas mass spectrometer (NGMS) that was selected as part of the gas analytic package for the Luna-Resurs mission to investigate lunar regolith and the lunar exosphere insitu. The recently presented scientific performance measurements of the NGMS prototype [4] are comparable with preliminary calibration data of the flight model. Hence, NGMS will fully comply with the scientific requirements of the Luna-Resurs mission.