<正>随着社会的发展与人类的进步,老年人口的比例显著增加。女性一生将有1/3甚至更长时间在围绝经期与绝经后期度过,心血管病是绝经后妇女死亡的首位原因〔1〕。据流行病学调查〔2〕:绝经前妇女冠心病的发生率明显低于男性,女性发病约比男性晚10年。

<正>随着人类寿命的延长,骨质疏松症已成为老年人的一种常见病、多发病。由骨质疏松引发的骨折发生率也在增加。骨质疏松症是以骨质进行性丢失、骨组织微结构退变而导致骨脆性增加、骨折危险性升高为特点的疾病。骨质疏松症分为两大类:即原发性骨质

BACKGROUND: Recent study shows that the adenosine receptor agonists can promote the collagen synthesis, and the adenosine receptor antagonists can inhibit the collagen synthesis and reduce the proliferation of skin collagen fiber. The expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in hypertrophic scar of adenosine A2A knockout mice models is decreased. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of collagens in hypertrophic scars of adenosine receptor A2A knockout mice and its mechanism by picric acid-sirius red polarization method. METHODS: The models of hypertrophic scars were made by adenosine A2A knockout mice and wild-type mice. The character and the distribution of the collagen in the hypertrophic scars were observed by picric acid-sirius red polarization method, and the type of the collagen, distribution, arrangement and content was confirmed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A large amount of eosinophilic collagen protein fibers were observed under polarizing microscope in the hypertrophic scars of wild-type control group. Type Ⅰ collagen fibers were in red and compact bunchiness and exhibited strong double refraction, the hypertrophic scars of adenosine A2A knockout mice were lack of thick collagen bundles and was in sparse bunchiness, and the collage bundles were well-arranged and well-distributed. Compared with the wild-type control group, adenosine A2A knockout mice showed significantly lower typeⅠcollagen fibers level (P < 0.01), as well as the hypertrophic scars. It indicated that adenosine A2A receptors played an active role in the proliferation of scars and could prevent the proliferation of scars.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation on skin fibroblasts in vitro, as well as to explore the biomolecular mechanisms and ultrastructure changes of the IPL effect. Background: IPL is frequently used to improve telangiectasias, lentigos, and skin texture. Clinical studies have demonstrated that IPL has significant photorejuvenation effects on photoaged skin. However, the biomolecular mechanisms underlying the photorejuvenation of IPL treatment remain largely unknown. Methods: Human skin fibroblasts cultured in vitro were irradiated with IPL via double pulses of 4 ms and 6 ms with a pulse interval of 20 ms and fluences of 18, 23, 28, and 33 J/cm(2). Twenty-four hours after irradiation, cell viability, cell cycle distribution, mRNA and protein levels of procollagen (types I and III), and changes of ultrastructure were evaluated using methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Results: IPL irradiation resulted in the improvement of cell viability of skin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. There were obvious changes in ultrastructure of fibroblasts, compared with the control group. The percentage of fibroblasts at the S and G(2)/M stage of the cell cycle was significantly higher, whereas the percentage at the G(0)/G(1) stage was lower. IPL irradiation increased the mRNA level of collagen I considerably, to 123%, 154%, 172%, and 141% of the control, and that of collagen III to 120%, 141%, 164%, and 132%. IPL irradiation was able to upregulate expression of collagen (types I and III) at the mRNA and protein level. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that IPL irradiation imparts stimulatory effects on skin fibroblasts in vitro. This provides valuable evidence of the photorejuvenation effect of IPL in vivo.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression and distribution of mast cell tryptase (MCT) in scar, and to discuss the different MCT gene expression in keloid, hypertrophic scar and normal skin.METHODS:20 samples of keloid, 20 samples of hypertrophic scar and 20 samples of normal skin were collected. The distribution of MCT was investigated by immunofluorescence histochemistry, and the MCT mRNA expression was detected by Relative Quantification real-time fluorescent PCR.RESULTS:MCT gene was mainly located in the collagen fiber bundles of the scar, especially in the superficial layer of scar. MCT mRNA expression was significantly higher in keloid than that in hypertrophic scar and normal skin (P < 0.01). Averagely, the MCT gene expression in keloid was 2.5 times and 5.4 times of that in hypertrophic scar and normal skin.CONCLUSIONS:MCT gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of scar.

Objective To study the effects of hyperoxic fluid treatment on the of lymphatic tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)、interleukin-8(IL-8) levers of burn shock goats.Methods 20 female adult goats were randomly divided into the hyperoxic fluid resuscitation group(group A,n=10),and the control(group B,n=10).After both groups were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness skin burns,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 in lymph were measured at 6,24,48 hours post burn.Results The levers of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 in lymph in group A were decreased than group B.Conclusion In the burn shock stage,the hyperoxic fluid resuscitation could improve the lymph circulation and decrease the levers of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 in lymph.

Objective This study was to collect the clinical chronic granulation tissue,hypertrophic scars and normal skin samples to observe the p65 gene in NF-κB signaling pathway key organizations in different stages the level of signaling expressed by the existence of differences.Methods The collection of clinical specimens,including 40 cases of various stages,10 cases each group of human chronic granulation tissue,hypertrophic scars,and 8 cases of normal skin.Using immunohistochemistry,Real-time quantitative RT-PCR testing and Western blot to detect.Experimental group:Group A for the chronic granulation tissue,hypertrophic scars six months for group B,six months to one year for hypertrophic scars for Group C,more than a year hypertrophic scars for the group D,the control group of normal skin group for the group E.Results Immunohistochemical staining SP method shows F-κB p65 expression in Groups B,C,D expressed positive.In particular,noted that the NF-κB p65 in Group B in basal layer of skin is particularly positive.RT-PCR NF-кB p65 activity levels were compared between the groups was no significant difference (P0.05).However,Groups B,C,D are similar,and there is higher than that of Group E and Group A.Western blot test results NF-кB p65 in B group,C group,D group of protein expression levels were significantly higher than that of group A and E group (P 0.05).Conclusion ①In the chronic granulation tissue,NF-кB p65 no significant changes in the chronic granulation tissue showed that apoptosis increased,the level of anti-apoptosis is inhibited,the organization difficult to heal.②In the early hypertrophic scars (in six months),NF-кB p65 expression was significantly increased.Skin significantly enhance the role of anti-apoptosis,and apoptosis decreased significantly the performance of scar tissue hyperplasia role.As the basal cell layer of skin has the ability to split activly,which showed that NF-кB p65 may be in the proliferation of skin plays an important role in apoptosis of the skin has a strong inhibitory effect on skin,and plays an important role in proliferation.③ In the latter of hypertrophic scars (6 months to 1 year),NF-кB p65 expression was still higher than normal skin,show that in the latter part of hypertrophic scars still hyperplasia.④In the mature hypertrophic scars (after 1 years),NF-кB p65 expression levels close to normal skin.Scar tissue to strengthen the role of apoptosis,proliferation weakened,HS become flat and faded.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of survivin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on proliferation and apoptosis of human malignant melanoma cells.METHODS:hMMC A375 colonies in log growth phase were collected and divided into control group (C, without transfection), sense chain group [SC, transfected with 600 nmol/L survivin sense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)], mismatch chain group (MC, transfected with 600 nmol/L survivin mismatch sense ODN), liposome group (L, treated with liposome), antisense chain group (AC, transfected with survivin ASODN, and subdivided into AC 200, 400, 600 nmol/L subgroups) according to the random number table. Transfection result was observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. Inhibition rate of cell proliferation was calculated after determination of cell viability with MTT method. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected with bi-variable flow cytometry. Expression of survivin protein was determined with Western blot. Activity of caspase-3 was assessed with kinase method. Data were processed with analysis of variance.RESULTS:(1) Cell transfection rates in SC, MC, AC 600 nmol/L groups were all above 80%. (2) Compared with those in SC group [(5.23 +/- 0.25)%], MC group [(5.09 +/- 0.13)%] and L group [(4.70 +/- 0.45)%], inhibition rates of cell proliferation in AC 200, 400, 600 nmol/L groups 24 hours after transfection [(10.30 +/- 0.56)%, (16.69 +/- 0.58)%, (24.67 +/- 0.67)%] were significantly increased (F = 746.91, and P values all below 0.05). As time after transfection went on, proliferation inhibition rate was increased obviously. (3) Apoptosis rate in AC 200, 400, 600 nmol/L groups 24 hours after transfection was respectively (13.5 +/- 1.9)%, (20.1 +/- 1.5)%, (32.1 +/- 2.9)%, which were significantly higher than those in C, SC, MC, and L groups [(6.5 +/- 0.6)%, (5.6 +/- 0.7)%, (6.4 +/- 1.0)%, (6.5 +/- 1.3)%, F = 139.9, P values all below 0.05]. Cells in AC group were blocked in G2/M stage. (4) Compared with those in C group, expression amount of survivin protein decreased, and caspase-3 activity obviously increased (F = 63.1, P values all below 0.05) in AC group. No significant difference in caspase-3 activity between SC, MC, L groups and C group was observed (F = 0.512, P values all above 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Survivin ASODN can inhibit the proliferation of hMMC A375 in a concentration-time dependent manner, and it induces G2/M stage block and promotes its apoptosis.

A Penicillium sp.which can produce phytase with high-activity has been screened and mutated by UV.The best phytase-producing medium is: 3% soluble starch,0.5% peptone,0.5% NH 4NO 3,0.05% MgSO 4·7H 2O,0.05% FeSO 4·7H 2O,0.001% MnSO 4·4H 2O.Primary pH of medium at 6.5,inoculum size at 4%(V/V),fermentation for 72 hours are beneficial to the yield of phytase.The adding of a small quantity of phytate can stimulative the produce of phytase,while excessive phytate will inhibit the reaction.