Available data on the polarization of the secondary proton (as a function of its momentum K) in the inelastic (p, p') reactions with the ^9Be, ^12C, and ^40Ca nuclei and differential cross section data (the momentum distributions) for the reactions at the initial proton energy 1 GeV and scattering angles Θ=21^∘ and Θ=24.5^∘ were analysed in a range of the high momenta K close to the momentum corresponding to the proton elastic scattering off the investigated nucleus. A structure in the polarization and momentum distribution data at the high momenum K, related probably to quasi-elastic scattering off a ^8Be-like nucleon cluster inside the nuclei, was observed.

The secondary proton polarization and differential cross sections of the ($$p,p^{\prime}$$) inelastic reaction on nuclei $${}^{9}$$Be and $${}^{90}$$Zr at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV were measured over a wide range of the scattered proton momenta at a laboratory angle of $$\Theta=21^{\circ}$$. Scattered protons were detected by means of the magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire proportional chambers and carbon analyzer. A structure in the polarization and cross section data, related probably to the quasielastic scattering off nucleon correlations in the $${}^{9}$$Be and $${}^{90}$$Zr nuclei, was observed as earlier in the same data for the $${}^{12}$$C, $${}^{28}$$Si, $${}^{40}$$Ca and $${}^{56}$$Fe nuclei. A difference in the momentum distributions of the scattering cross section ratios for the $${}^{90}$$Zr and $${}^{12}$$C nuclei and for the $${}^{90}$$Zr and $${}^{9}$$Be nuclei was observed.

The secondary proton polarization, differential cross section, and cross section ratios were measured in the (p, p') inelastic reaction with nuclei at 1 GeV and a laboratory scattering angle of Theta = 21 degrees. The data were obtained over a wide range of the scattered proton momentum covering the pN quasielastic peak and high momentum region up to a momentum corresponding to excited level of the nucleus under investigation. Scattered protons were detected by the magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire proportional chambers and carbon analyzer. A structure in the polarization and cross section data, possibly related to the in-medium elastic scattering on nucleon correlations arising in nuclei, and a scaling of the scattering cross section ratios of the nuclei were observed in the high momentum range.

The secondary-proton polarization and differential cross sections for the ( p, p' ) inelastic reaction on 28 Si and 56 Fe nuclei at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV were measured over a wide range of the scattered-proton momenta at a laboratory angle of Θ = 21◦. Scattered protons were detected by means of a magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire proportional chambers and a carbon analyzer. A structure in the polarization and cross section data, which is probably related to quasielastic scattering off nucleon correlations in the 28 Si and 56 Fe nuclei, was observed as earlier in the analogous data for 12 C and 40 Ca nuclei. Momentum intervals within which cross-section ratios for nuclei did not depend on the scattered-proton momentum were found.

The differential cross sections of the ( p, p ′) inelastic reaction on nuclei 12 C, 28 Si, 40 Ca, and 56 Fe at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV were measured over a wide range of the scattered proton momenta at a laboratory angle of Θ = 21°. Scattered protons were detected by means of the magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire proportional chambers. Momentum intervals were observed in which the ratios of the scattering cross sections off the nuclei do not depend on the scattered proton momentum (i.e., scaling).

The polarization of secondary protons in the (p, p’) inelastic reactions on 40Ca and 12C nuclei at the initial proton energy of 1 GeV was measured over a wide range of scattered-proton momenta at a laboratory angle of Θ = 21°. The reaction cross sections were also measured. Scattered protons were detected by means of magnetic spectrometer equipped with a polarimeter based on multiwire-proportional chambers. A structure in the polarization and cross-section data, which is probably related to scattering off nucleon correlations in the nuclei involved, was observed.

The polarization of the secondary protons in the inelastic (p, p') reaction on the 40Ca nucleus at the initial proton energy 1 GeV was measured in a wide range of the scattered proton momenta at a laboratory angle Θ = 21°. The final protons from the reaction have been detected using the magnetic spectrometer equipped with multiwire-proportional chambers polarimeter. A structure of the polarization data, related probably to scattering off the nucleon correlations in the nucleus, has been observed.

New experomental data on polarization and spin--correlation parameters in the (p,2p) reaction with nuclei are presented. The experiment was aimed to study a modification of the proton--proton scattering matrix.

The polarization of the secondary protons in the (p, 2p) reaction with the S-shell protons of nuclei 4He, 6Li, 12C, 28Si, 40Ca was measured at 1 GeV unpolarized proton beam. The spin correlation parameters C ij for the 4He and 12C targets also were for the first time obtained as well. The polarization measurements were performed by means of a two-arm magnetic spectrometer, each arm of which was equipped with the multiwire-proportional chamber polarimeter. This experiment was aimed to study a modification of the proton-proton scattering matrix in the nuclear medium.

The polarization of the secondary protons (P1,2) in the (p,2p) reaction with the S - shell protons of nuclei 4He, 6Li, 12C, 28Si, 40Ca was measured at 1 GeV unpolarized proton beam. The spin correlation parameters Cij for the 4He and 12C targets also were for the first time obtained. The polarization measurements were performed by means of a two - arm magnetic spectrometer each arm of which was equipped with multiwire - proportional chambers polarimeter.

In the present work, the differential cross sections for small-angle proton elastic scattering on the 12,14Be nuclei were measured in inverse kinematics, using secondary radioactive beams with energies near 700 MeV/u produced with the fragment separator FRS at GSI. The main part of the experimental setup was the active target IKAR, which was used simultaneously as a target and a detector for the recoil protons. Auxiliary detectors for projectile tracking and isotope identification completed the setup. The measured differential cross sections were analyzed using the Glauber multiple-scattering theory. For the evaluation of the data several phenomenological nuclear-matter density parametrizations and a sum of Gaussian parametrization were used. The nuclear-matter radii and radial density distributions of the isotopes 12,14Be were deduced. Extended nuclear-matter density distributions were observed in both isotopes, and the halo structure of 14Be was confirmed. The results were also compared with microscopic few-body and fermionic molecular dynamics model calculations concerning the structure of these neutron-rich nuclei.

The polarization of the secondary protons in the inelastic (p,p') reaction on the 40Ca nucleus and the relative cross sections of this reaction at 1 GeV of the initial proton energy were measured in a wide range of the scattered proton momenta (K) at lab angles \theta=13.5 and \theta=21.0 degrees. The final protons from the reaction were detected by means of a magnetic spectrometer equipped with multiwire proportional chamber polarimeter.

The polarization correlation parameter C nn in the elastic proton-proton scattering was for the first time measured with a high statistical accuracy at 1 GeV using an unpolarized proton beam incident on an unpolarized proton target. Both outgoing protons from the reaction were detected in coincidence by means of a two-arm focusing magnetic spectrometer installed at nonsymmetric angles corresponding to the center-of-mass scattering angle Θcm = 62.25°. The correlation parameter C nn , as well as polarizations P 1 and P 2 of the secondary protons, were measured by means of multiwire proportional chamber polarimeters placed at the focal planes of each spectrometer arm. The obtained data are compared with the predictions of the phase-shift analysis. The connection with the experiment on C nn and polarization measurements in the (p, 2p) reaction on 4He and other light nuclei in similar kinematics is discussed

New experimental results on the ratio Rdp of the quasi-elastic charge-exchange yield at the outgoing proton angle \( \theta_{{p,{\rm Lab}}}^{}\) = 0° for the nd \( \rightarrow\) p(nn) reaction to the elastic np \( \rightarrow\) pn charge-exchange yield are presented. The measurements were carried out at the Nuclotron of the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the JINR (Dubna) at the neutron beam kinetic energies of 0.55, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.8 and 2.0GeV. The intense neutron beam with small momentum spread was produced by break-up of deuterons which were accelerated and extracted to the experimental hall. In both reactions mentioned above the outgoing protons with the momenta p p approximately equal to the neutron beam momentum p n, beam were detected in the directions close to the direction of incident neutrons, i.e. in the vicinity of the scattering angle \( \theta_{{p,{\rm Lab}}}^{}\) = 0° . Measured in the same data taking runs, the angular distributions of the charge-exchange reaction products were corrected for the well-known instrumental effects and averaged in the vicinity of the incident neutron beam direction. These corrected angular distributions for every of nd \( \rightarrow\) p(nn) and np \( \rightarrow\) pn charge-exchange processes were proportional to the differential cross-sections of the corresponding reactions. The data were accumulated by the Delta-Sigma set-up magnetic spectrometer with two sets of multiwire proportional chambers located upstream and downstream of the momentum analyzing magnet. Inelastic processes were considerably reduced by the additional detectors surrounding the hydrogen and deuterium targets. The time-of-flight system was applied to identify the detected particles. The new Rdp data are compared with the existing ones, which were obtained below 1GeV, and with the calculations which were made using the phenomenological NN amplitude sets.