DELPHI results are presented on the inclusive production of the neutral mesons , f0(980), f2(1270), K 0 2 (1430) and f 0 2(1525) in hadronic Z 0 decays. They are based on about 2 million multihadronic events collected in 1994 and 1995, using the particle identi cation capabilities of the DELPHI Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors and measured ionization losses in the Time Projection Chamber. The total production rates per hadronic Z decay have been determined to be: 1:19 0:10 for ; 0:164 0:021 for f0(980); 0:214 0:038 for f2(1270); 0:073 0:023 for K 0 2 (1430); and 0:012 0:006 for f 0 2(1525). The total production rates for all mesons and di erential cross-sections for the , f0(980) and f2(1270) are compared with the results of other LEP experiments and with models. (Accepted by Physics Letters B)

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sqrt(s_NN) = 2.7 - 4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (mu_B > 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation-of-state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2022, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter.

The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process beta-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes.

The R3B experiment (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) is a versatile setup dedicated to the study of reactions induced by high-energy radioactive beams. It will provide kinematically complete measurements with high efficiency, acceptance and resolution, making possible a broad physics program with rare-isotopes. CALIFA (CALorimeter for In-Flight detection of gamma-rays and high energy charged pArticles), is a complex detector based on scintillation crystals, that will surround the target of the R3B experiment. CALIFA will act as a total absorption gamma-calorimeter and spectrometer, as well as identifier of charged particles from target residues. This versatility is its most challenging requirement, demanding a huge dynamic range, to cover from low energy gamma-rays up to 300 MeV protons. This fact, along with the high-energy of the beams determine the conceptual design of the detector, presented in this paper, together with the technical solutions proposed for its construction.

D. Cortina-Gil †1, H. Alvarez-Pol1, T. Aumann13, V. Avdeichikov4, M. Bendel7, J. Benlliure1, D. Bertini5, A. Bezbakh11, T. Bloch13, M. Böhmer7, M.J.G. Borge2, J.A. Briz2, P. Cabanelas1, E. Casarejos8, M. Carmona Gallardo2, J. Cederkäll4, L. Chulkov12, M. Dierigl7, D. Di Julio4, I. Durán1, E. Fiori10, A. Fomichev11, D. Galaviz9, M. Gascón1, R. Gernhäuser7, J. Gerl5, P. Golubev4, M. Golovkov11, D. González1, A. Gorshkov11, A. Heinz3, M. Heil5, B. Heiss7, W. Henning7, G. Ickert5, A. Ignatov13, B. Jakobsson4, H.T. Johansson3, M. Kmiecik14, Th. Kröll13, R. Krücken ‡ 7, S. Krupko11, F. Kurz7, T. Le Bleis7, B. Löher10, A. Maj14, E. Nacher2, T. Nilsson3, A. Perea2, C. Pfeffer7, N. Pietralla13, B. Pietras1, R. Reifarth6, J. Sanchez del Rio2, D. Savran10, S. Sidorchuk11, H. Simon5, L. Schnorrenberger13, O. Tengblad2, P. Teubig9, R. Thies3, J.A. Vilán8, M. von Schmid13, M. Winkel7, S. Winkler7, F. Wamers13, P. Yañez8, and M. Zieblinski14 1Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; 2Instituto Estructura de la Materia, CSIC Madrid; 3Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg; 4Lund University; 5Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt; 6Goethe University Frankfurt am Main; 7Technische Universität München; 8Universidad de Vigo; 9Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa; 10Extreme Matter Institute and Research Division, GSI; 11Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna; 12Nuclear Reseach Center, Kurchatov Institute Moscow; 13Technische Universität Darmstadt; 14Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland

The CALIFA calorimeter is an advanced detector for gamma rays and light charged particles, accordingly optimized for the demanding requirements of the physics programme proposed for the (RB)-B-3 facility at FAIR. The multipurpose character of CALIFA is required to fulfil challenging demands in energy resolution (5-6% at 1 MeV for gamma rays) and efficiency. Charged particles, e.g. protons of energies up to 320 MeV in the Barrel section, should also be identified with an energy resolution better to 1%.CALIFA is divided into two well-separated sections: a "Forward EndCap" and a cylindrical "Barrel" covering an angular range from 43.2 degrees to 140.3 degrees. The Barrel section, based on long CsI(Tl) pyramidal frustum crystals coupled to large area avalanche photodiodes (LAAPDs), attains the requested high efficiency for calorimetric purposes. The construction of the CALIFA Demonstrator, comprising 20% of the total detector, has already been initiated, and commissioning experiments are expected for 2014.The assessment of the capabilities and expected performance of the detector elements is a crucial step in their design, along with the prototypes evaluation. For this purpose, the Barrel geometry has been carefully implemented in the simulation package R3BRoot, including easily variable thicknesses of crystal wrapping and carbon fibre supports. A complete characterization of the calorimeter response (including efficiency, resolution, evaluation of energy and reconstruction losses) under different working conditions, with several physics cases selected to probe the detector performance over a wide range of applications, has been undertaken. Prototypes of different sections of the CALIFA Barrel have been modeled and their responses have been evaluated and compared with the experimental results. The present paper summarizes the outcome of the simulation campaign for the entire Barrel section and for the corresponding prototypes tested at different European installations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

The alignment procedure needs as a starting point a geometry which is as close as possible to the real geometry in the experiment. This geometry can be taken from the technical drawings, but in most cases it comes from an optical survey. The alignment procedure then improves the accuracy of the positions of the different volumes by using signals generated in the active parts of the detector. Depending on the experiment and the detector system these signals can be produced by a laser calibration system, cosmic particles or particles from collision events.

The FairRoot framework is an object oriented simulation, reconstruction and data analysis framework based on ROOT. It includes core services for detector simulation and offline analysis. The framework delivers base classes which enable the users to easily construct their experimental setup in a fast and convenient way. By using the Virtual Monte Carlo concept it is possible to perform the simulations using either Geant3 or Geant4 without changing the user code or the geometry description. Using and extending the task mechanism of ROOT it is possible to implement complex analysis tasks in a convenient way. Moreover, using the FairCuda interface of the framework it is possible to run some of these tasks also on GPU. Data IO, as well as parameter handling and data base connections are also handled by the framework. Since some of the experiments will not have an experimental setup with a conventional trigger system, the framework can handle also free flowing input streams of detector data. For this mode of operation the framework provides classes to create the needed time sorted input streams of detector data out of the event based simulation data. There are also tools to do radiation studies and to visualize the simulated data. A CMake-CDash based building and monitoring system is also part of the FairRoot services which helps to build and test the framework on many different platforms in an automatic way, including also Continuous Integration.

The proposed project FAIR (Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research) is an international accelerator facility of the next generation. It builds on top of the experience and technological developments already made at the existing GSI facility, and incorporate new technological concepts. The four scientific pillars of FAIR are NUSTAR (nuclear structure and astrophysics), PANDA (QCD studies with cooled beams of anti-protons), CBM (physics of hadronic matter at highest baryon densities), and APPA (atomic physics, plasma physics, and applications).The FairRoot framework used by all of the big FAIR experiments as a base for their own specific developments, provides basic functionality like IO, geometry handling etc. The challenge is to support all the different experiments with their heterogeneous requirements.Due to the limited manpower, one of the first design decisions was to (re)use as much as possible already available and tested software and to focus on the development of the framework. Beside the framework itself, the Fair Root core team also provides some software development tools. We will describe the complete set of tools in this article. The Makefiles for all projects are generated using CMake. For software testing and the corresponding quality assurance, we use CTest to generate the results and CD ash as web front end. The tools are completed by subversion as source code repository and trac as tool for the complete source code management.This set of tools allows us to offer the full functionality we have for Fair Root also to the experiments based on Fair Root.

HADES is a versatile magnetic spectrometer aimed at studying dielectron production in pion, proton and heavy-ion-induced collisions. Its main features include a ring imaging gas Cherenkov detector for electron-hadron discrimination, a tracking system consisting of a set of 6 superconducting coils producing a toroidal field and drift chambers and a multiplicity and electron trigger array for additional electron-hadron discrimination and event characterization. A two-stage trigger system enhances events containing electrons. The physics program is focused on the investigation of hadron properties in nuclei and in the hot and dense hadronic matter. The detector system is characterized by an 85% azimuthal coverage over a polar angle interval from 18° to 85° , a single electron efficiency of 50% and a vector meson mass resolution of 2.5%. Identification of pions, kaons and protons is achieved combining time-of-flight and energy loss measurements over a large momentum range ( 0.1 < p < 1.0 GeV/c . This paper describes the main features and the performance of the detector system.

HADES is a versatile magnetic spectrometer aimed at studying dielectron production in pion, proton and heavy-ion induced collisions. Its main features include a ring imaging gas Cherenkov detector for electron-hadron discrimination, a tracking system consisting of a set of 6 superconducting coils producing a toroidal field and drift chambers and a multiplicity and electron trigger array for additional electron-hadron discrimination and event characterization. A two-stage trigger system enhances events containing electrons. The physics program is focused on the investigation of hadron properties in nuclei and in the hot and dense hadronic matter. The detector system is characterized by an 85 % azimuthal coverage over a polar angle interval from 18 to 85, a single electron efficiency of 50 % and a vector meson mass resolution of 2.5 %. Identification of pions, kaons and protons is achieved combining time-of-flight and energy loss measurements over a large momentum range. This paper describes the main features and the performance of the detector system.

HADES is a versatile magnetic spectrometer aimed at studying dielectron production in pion, proton and heavy-ion–induced collisions. Its main features include a ring imaging gas Cherenkov detector for electron-hadron discrimination, a tracking system consisting of a set of 6 superconducting coils producing a toroidal field and drift chambers and a multiplicity and electron trigger array for additional electron-hadron discrimination and event characterization. A two-stage trigger system enhances events containing electrons. The physics program is focused on the investigation of hadron properties in nuclei and in the hot and dense hadronic matter. The detector system is characterized by an 85% azimuthal coverage over a polar angle interval from 18◦ to 85◦, a single electron efficiency of 50% and a vector meson mass resolution of 2.5%. Identification of pions, kaons and protons is achieved combining time-of-flight and energy loss measurements over a large momentum range (0.1 < p < 1.0 GeV/c). This paper describes the main features and the performance of the detector system. PACS. 21.65.Jk Mesons in nuclear matter – 25.75.Cj Photon, lepton, and heavy quark production in relativistic heavy ion collisions – 29.30.-h Spectrometers and spectroscopic techniques – 29.85.Ca Data acquisition and sorting The HADES Collaboration (G. Agakishiev et al.): The high-acceptance dielectron spectrometer HADES 245