The necessity of taking into account the structurality of matter in the study of the evolution of nature within the framework of the fundamental laws of physics is substantiated. The existing limitations of classical mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical physics and kinetics that make this possibility difficult are discussed. It is shown that these restrictions are removed if, instead of the Newtonian equation of motion of a material point, the equation of motion of a system of potentially interacting material points is used. The physical principles arising from the concepts of symmetry and necessary for obtaining such an equation of motion are presented and substantiated. One of them is the principle of symmetry dualism. According to this principle, the evolution of bodies and their dynamics are determined by both space-time symmetries and the symmetries of the bodies themselves. Based on these principles, the resulting equation of motion and the modified Liouville equation are proposed, which take into account the relationship between dynamics and changes in the internal states of bodies. They follow from the condition of invariance of the total energy of the body, represented as the sum of the energy of motion in an inhomogeneous field of forces and its internal energy. Their properties are described. Based on them, a description of the evolution of natural objects is proposed. B ‘ the volution of objects of matter is conditioned by both their dynamics and changes in internal states, which follows from the condition of the structurality of bodies. Key words: symmetry, irreversibility, evolution, the principle of least action, entropy, quantum systems, mechanics, dynamics.

From the standpoint of structured body (SB) mechanics and “Physics of evolution”, the question of the physical nature and relationship of the concepts of “Order” and “Chaos”, as well as their role in the physics of evolution, is considered. The peculiarity of this consideration is that the mechanics of the SB allows studying the motion of the SB in conjunction with a change in its internal state. This equation is derived based on the principle of dualism of symmetry (PDS) under the condition of conservation of the total energy. The PDS states that the dynamics of bodies is determined both by the symmetries of space and time, and by the symmetry of the body itself. To obtain the SB motion equation, the total energy in connection with PDS is represented as the sum of the motion energy and internal energy. As a result, the SB motion equation let us construction of the “modified complete description” of the body's evolution, taking into account the relationship between “Order” and “Chaos”.

The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the possibility of constructing the physics of the evolution of matter based on the fundamental laws of physics.It is shown how this can be done within the framework of an extension of classical mechanics.Its expansion is based on the motion equation of a structured body.The fundamental difference between this equation and Newton's motion equation is that instead of a model of a body in the form of a material point, it uses a structured body in the form of a system of potentially interacting material points.To obtain this equation, the principle of symmetry dualism, new for classical mechanics, was used.According to this principle, the dynamics of a body are determined not only by the symmetries of space, as in the case of a structureless body, but also by its symmetries.Thanks to this derivation of the equation, it takes into account the fact that the work of external forces, in addition to changing the body's motion energy, also changes its internal energy.This change occurs due to the body's motion energy when it moves in a non-uniform field of forces.It is shown why the motion equation of a structured body is irreversible.Its irreversibility made it possible to introduce the concept of D-entropy into extended classical mechanics.It is defined as the value of the relative increase in the body's internal energy due to the motion energy.The relationship between the values of motion energy and D-entropy in the process of matter evolution is considered.It is shown how this connection is realized during the transition from one hierarchical level of matter to the next level.As a result, it was possible to prove that the evolution of the hierarchical structure of matter is characterized by the relationship between D-entropy and the motion energy of elements at each of its hierarchical levels.

The work is devoted to a new concept in physics—D entropy, defined as the relative increment of the internal energy of a body due to its energy of motion. D-entropy follows from the body’s motion equation, which is derived based on the principle of dualism of symmetry (PDS). According to the PDS, the evolution of bodies is determined by both the symmetry of space and the symmetry of the body and the motion equation is derived from the expression of energy, which is the sum of the body's internal energy and the energy of its motion. Such a representation of energy is carried out in micro- and macro-variables that determine the motions of the elements of the body and the body itself, as a whole, respectively. This made it possible to take into account dissipative forces in the body’s motion equation, which depend on micro- and macro-variables, arising when the body moves in an inhomogeneous field of forces, and determining the transformation of its energy of motion into internal energy. The D-entropy for large equilibrium systems, like the Clausius entropy, only increases. For small systems, the D-entropy can decrease. The main advantage of D-entropy is that it is determined through the dynamic parameters of the body. This makes it possible to use it to study the processes of evolution of objects, for example, the Universe, since it takes into account the role of relative motions in changing their internal states within the framework of the fundamental laws of physics.

The article considers the question of the possibility of constructing classical mechanics and empirical branches of physics, such as thermodynamics, statistical physics and kinetics on a general theoretical basis. The principles of constructing mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical physics, and kinetics are briefly given. It is shown how the construction of the above sections of physics on a unified basis became possible, relying on the mechanics of a structured body. The essence of this mechanics is that, unlike Newton’s mechanics, built for a body model in the form of a material point, this mechanics is built based on a body model in the form of a structured body. Moreover, the structured body is specified in the form of an equilibrium system of potentially interacting material points. It is shown how the equation of motion of a structured body is derived. The peculiarity of this equation is that it takes into account the transformation of the energy of motion of a structured body into internal energy when it moves in an inhomogeneous field of forces. This makes it possible to describe dissipative processes within the framework of the mechanics of a structured body without invoking statistical laws. Examples are given of how the empirical principles of the phenomenological branches of physics directly follow from the fundamental laws of physics.

Paper is devoted to explaining the nature of symmetry breaking of dynamical classical and quantum systems in the framework of evolutionary physics. A brief explanation of the deterministic mechanism of irreversibility is presented. The nature of the non-potential forces, which leads to symmetry breaking, is analyzed. The concept of evolutionary nonlinearity and the deterministic symmetry breaking based on the motion equation for the structural particle and modified Schrödinger equation is discussed. The nature of the potential, which follows from evolutionary nonlinearity and leads to violation of symmetry in classical and quantum systems, is considered.

The main characteristics (coherences, phase velocities, propagation directions, characteristic periods, and amplitudes) of wave disturbances in the field of pressure and wind speed in the troposphere caused by the solar terminator (ST) moving relative to the Earth are studied. A coherent analysis of pressure variations measured by infrasound microbarographs of the stations IS26 (Germany), IS37 (Norway), and IS43 (Russia) making a triangle with sides of about 2000 km in size is used to detect wave disturbances from the ST. With such a large triangle, it is possible to isolate acoustic-gravity waves of high coherence with ST azimuths and propagation velocities against the background of much slower internal gravity waves (IGWs) from meteorological fronts. Wind speed and atmospheric pressure fluctuations are measured with sodars and microbarographs located in the region of Moscow and forming a small triangle with side lengths from 7 to 60 km. The distributions of the number of signal arrivals over azimuths and horizontal phase speeds are obtained. An explanation is given for the presence of dominant azimuths and phase speeds of internal gravity waves in the small triangle.

The paper is devoted to study, how the physics of evolution allows developing an evolutionary picture of the world. Here we briefly examine the basic concepts of the world’s picture and how these concepts can find development based on the physics of evolution. For this purpose, the next questions will be analysed: how physics of evolution leads to the conclusion about the infinite divisibility of matter; how nature solves the problem of the static state of matter, when motion is a way of existence of matter; how symmetry and its violation determine the evolution of matter; what are the principles of building “from simple to complex”, etc. As a result, we show how taking into account the structure of matter in its dynamics leads to the possibility of describing evolutionary processes in nature. This means the possibility of constructing a deterministic evolutionary picture of the world within the framework of the laws of physics.

The paper provides a review of studies devoted to the peculiarities of the propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere in the area of the solar terminator, which is the only global and regular source of acoustic-gravitational waves and other disturbances of the ionosphere. It describes the results of theoretical works devoted to the study of perturbations created by the solar terminator in the area of the difference in the intensity of solar radiation in the atmosphere. The paper gives a review of experimental studies of the effects created by the solar terminator in the entire thickness of the atmosphere. These effects, in particular, include the multipath propagation of radio waves, their phase variations, and variations in amplitudes during the propagation of radio waves in the area of the solar terminator. In the interests of science and practice, a number of problems have been proposed for the further study of wave perturbations arising as a result of the movement of the temperature gradient at sunrise and sunset hours.

The role of the deterministic mechanism of irreversibility (DMI) in the organisation of matter is studied. The nature of DMI is explained. The connection of the DMI with the nature of entropy, chaos and the breaking of the space-time symmetry is discussed. How the evolution of the system can be described in the dual phase space is shown. The fact that the open nonequilibrium dynamic system is a basic element of matter is shown. The nature of supersymmetry and the principle of uncertainty, which can be entered into classical mechanics, were analysed. How expansion of classical mechanics, which follows from the accounting of structure of a body in its dynamics, leads to solutions of the existing problems of physics and to creation of the uniform theory is discussed.

Kazakhstan has been going on for more than 10 years carried out studies I effects in the mesosphere at the basis of modern optical spectrometer SATI (Spectral airglow the Temperature Imager), which is mounted on a mountain complex of Ionosphere Institute - radiopoligone "Orbita" at an altitude of 2730 m above sea level [43 degrees 03'30 '' N, 76 degrees 58'24 '' E]. The results of a continuous series of optical spectrometric observations of variations in the mesosphere between 2010 and 2016. Observations were made in Kazakhstan on the basis of modern optical spectrometer SATI (Spectral airglow Temperature Imager), which is mounted on a mountain complex of Ionosphere Institute - radiopoligone "Orbita" at an altitude of 2730 m above sea level [43 degrees 03'30 '' N, 76 degrees 58'24 '' E]. The spectral analysis of recorded wave disturbances over the entire observation period showed a wavelength distribution characteristic of acoustic-gravitational waves. It has been established that the maximum number of recorded disturbances in the mesosphere is about 100-200 km long, a noticeable separate peak is observed for wavelengths of about 350-400 km. The directions of propagation of acoustic-gravitational waves have a seasonal dependence. The western maximum in the distribution directions is observed in all seasons. The south-south-western maximum is observed mainly in winter and autumn. East-north-east has a maximum value in the spring-summer months.

The role of existence of the deterministic irreversibility mechanism in development of evolution physics is studied. The short explanation of physical essence of this mechanism is offered. Based on this mechanism, is proved, that the base element of matter should be an open non-equilibrium dynamic system (ONDS). The principles of the emergence, existence and development of the ONDS hierarchical structure are considered. The questions about hierarchy of the matter and existence of stationary states ONDS are studied. The question, how external constraints determine of the evolution of ONDS, is analyzed. Equations that determine the development of ONDS are submitted.

The purpose of the article is to show the key role of the deterministic mechanism of irreversibility (DMI) in the understanding of the picture of the world and in its construction. For this, a brief analysis of the historical development of the picture of the world and the tasks of its further development, connected with the problems of describing the processes of evolution in the framework of the laws of fundamental physics, has been carried out. It is shown how DMI removes these problems. The role of DMI in the statement of the principle of causality in physics is studied. It is shown how DMI contributes to the realization of the ideas of universal evolutionism. It also shows how the conclusion that the open non-equilibrium dynamic system should be an element of matter and why matter should be a hierarchy of such systems follows from the condition of DMI existence. Using the example of the relationship between the laws of the evolution of systems and the laws of the dynamics of their elements, it is demonstrated how the law of transition of quantity to quality is implemented in physics and how one can build a picture of the world from simplicity to complexity. It is shown how with the help of numerical methods possible to substantiate that the laws of thermodynamics, statistical physics follow from the fundamental laws of nature.

The effects of atmospheric nonequilibrium in the generation of wave perturbations due to the solar radiation flux are studied. Equations of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are used to perform an assessment of the channels of solar energy transformation into the atmosphere for different altitudes. As a result of calculations of the dispersion relation for a nonequilibrium atmosphere, we consider how the flux of solar radiation changes the spectrum of natural atmospheric oscillations at different altitudes and for different solar activities. A qualitative relation between the results of wave spectra calculations and the data of ionosphere dynamics observations for different intensities of the solar radiation flux has been established.

The analytical review of the papers devoted to the deterministic mechanism of irreversibility (DMI) is presented. The history of solving of the irreversibility problem is briefly described. It is shown, how the DMI was found basing on the motion equation for a structured body. The structured body was given by a set of potentially interacting material points. The taking into account of the body’s structure led to the possibility of describing dissipative processes. This possibility caused by the transformation of the body’s motion energy into internal energy. It is shown, that the condition of holonomic constraints, which used for obtaining of the canonical formalisms of classical mechanics, is excluding the DMI in Hamiltonian systems. The concepts of D-entropy and evolutionary non-linearity are discussed. The connection between thermodynamics and the laws of classical mechanics is shown. Extended forms of the Lagrange, Hamilton, Liouville, and Schrödinger equations, which describe dissipative processes, are presented.

Extension of the Schrodinger equation is submitted by removing its limitations appearing due to the limitations of the formalism of Hamilton, based on which this equation was obtained. For this purpose the problems of quantum mechanics arising from the limitations of classical mechanics are discussed. These limitations, in particular, preclude the use of the Schrodinger equation to describe the time symmetry violation. The extension of the Schrodinger equation is realized based on the principle of duality symmetry. According to this principle the dynamics of the systems is determined by the symmetry of the system and by the symmetry of the space. The extension of the Schrodinger equation was obtained from the dual expression of energy, represented in operator form. For this purpose the independent micro - and macro-variables that determine respectively the dynamics of quantum particle system relative to its center of mass and the movement of the center of mass in space are used. The solution of the extended Schrodinger equation for the system near equilibrium is submitted. The main advantage of the extended Schrodinger equation is that it is applicable to describe the interaction and evolution of quantum systems in inhomogeneous field of external forces.

The role of nonlinearities in the dynamics of the non-equilibrium systems is considered. Various types of nonlinearities for dynamical systems with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints are studied. Features of the nonlinearity responsible for the evolution of the systems to the equilibrium are considered. The interrelation of the nonlinearities with the concepts of symmetry breaking is analyzed. Mathematical justification of the irreversibility of the dynamics of systems is offered. Peculiarities of nonlinear nonequilibrium systems connected with hierarchical structure of natural objects are studied.