目的 探究帕拉米韦对流感病毒感染小鼠免疫功能及炎症反应的调节作用.方法 将48只BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、感染组、低、高剂量治疗组,每组12只,病毒感染组、低、高剂量治疗组小鼠用H1N1病毒株(PR8)滴鼻途径攻毒,4 h后治疗组小鼠通过肌肉注射帕拉米韦4、20 mg/kg ? d,连续注射5 d,对照组和病毒感染组给予等量生理盐水;在攻毒后3d时,每组随机取2只小鼠处死,观察肺组织病理变化及其病毒载量;攻毒后5d时,每组随机取6只小鼠处死,取脾制成单细胞后,利用流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群水平,取肺组织制成组织匀浆,利用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测白细胞介素-2(Interleukin-2,IL-2)、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、干扰素-y(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平,每日观察小鼠状态,持续观察14 d,根据观察结果分析小鼠的存活率及平均生存时间.结果 攻毒14 d后,感染组小鼠全部死亡,死亡率明显高于低、高剂量治疗组(P＜0.05),低剂量治疗组的死亡率高于高剂量治疗组(P＜0.05);攻毒后3d时,低、高剂量治疗组小鼠的肺指数及肺组织病毒载量低于感染组(P＜0.05),高剂量治疗组上述指标变化更显著(P＜0.05);感染组小鼠肺组织的病理损伤及炎症浸润严重,低、高剂量治疗组小鼠的病理损伤及炎症浸润有不同程度减轻,且高剂量治疗组改善更明显;攻毒后5d时,低、高剂量治疗组小鼠的CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、IL-6、TNF-α水平低于感染组,IL-2、IFN-γ水平高于感染组(P＜0.05),且高剂量治疗组的IL-6、TNF-α水平低于低剂量治疗组,IL-2、IFN-γ水平高于低剂量治疗组(P＜0.05).结论 帕拉米韦通过抑制肺组织中流感病毒的释放和增殖,缓解过度免疫反应引起的炎症损伤,进而提高小鼠存活率.

目的 探讨肥胖儿童发生阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的促炎和抗炎免疫调节失衡机制.方法 选取90例肥胖儿童,通过多导睡眠图睡眠监测,共确诊42例肥胖儿童合并OSAHS(肥胖OSAHS组),48例未合并OSAHS(肥胖非OSAHS组),另选取50例非肥胖健康儿童作为健康对照组.采用流式细胞术检测三组外周血T淋巴细胞亚群表达水平,ELISA法检测三组血清IFN-y、IL-4和IL-10的表达水平.结果 肥胖OSAHS组的行为表现、既往过敏性鼻炎史、父或母肥胖史、父或母打鼾史和睡眠相关症状发生率高于肥胖非OSAHS组和健康对照组(P＜0.05).与肥胖非OSAHS组和健康对照组比较,肥胖OSAHS组总睡眠时间、睡眠效率、最低血氧饱和度、深睡眠期占睡眠时间比和快动眼睡眠期占睡眠时间比降低(P＜0.01),而浅睡眠期占睡眠时间比、阻塞性呼吸暂停指数、睡眠呼吸紊乱指数和微觉醒指数增高(P＜0.01).与肥胖非OSAHS组和健康对照组比较,肥胖OSAHS组外周血中CD4+T淋巴细胞占比、IFN-γ和IL-4增高(P＜0.01),自然杀伤T细胞占比和IL-10降低(P＜0.01).结论 肥胖儿童发生OSAHS存在促炎和抗炎反应免疫失衡,IL-10抗炎的减弱可能是导致肥胖儿童发生OSAHS的重要原因.

目的 探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)对生长激素缺乏症(GHD)儿童骨代谢障碍的影响,以期为临床诊疗提供参考.方法 纳入2013年6月-2018年6月医院收治的100例GHD患儿按照0.1 U/kg于每晚睡前皮下注射1次rhGH,观察患儿治疗前和治疗3个月及6个月血清胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3(IGF-BP3)及血清钙磷水平的变化,并对治疗6个月的患儿进行骨龄、腰椎及髋部骨密度进行测量与治疗前进行比较.结果 100例GHD患儿的IGF-1治疗后3个月、6个月与治疗前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),IGF-BP3治疗后3个月、6个月与治疗前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),血清钙治疗后3个月、6个月与治疗前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),血清磷治疗后3个月、6个月与治疗前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗前与治疗后患儿各个腰椎及髋部骨密度相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 rhGH对GHD患儿的骨代谢具有一定程度的影响,具有较高的临床推广应用价值.

在铜系复合催化剂存在下,采用乙醇与硅直接反应,得到以三乙氧基硅烷为主的反应液;将反应液进行减压蒸馏,收集25～45℃/2 ～5 kPa下的馏分,产品纯度达到98％,总收率达80％.研究了硅粉活化时间及粒径、催化剂种类、溶剂种类对硅粉转化率和三乙氧基硅烷选择性的影响.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选择聚乙氧基硅烷(聚合度3～5),催化剂为无水氯化亚铜和双二乙基磷酸铜质量比1:1的混合物,硅粉不经活化直接使用且粒径选择300～500目.

Objective: To research the effect of topiramate in children with tic disorder and on plasma levels of glutamate and aspartate.Methods: Seventy cases of children with tic disorder were divided into two groups.The treatment group was given topiramate 0.5 mg/(kg·d)at the beginning.Then the dosage was gradually increased,the maximum dose was 5 mg/(kg·d).Haloperidol was given to the control group,with 1.0 mg/(kg·d) at the beginning.Then the dosage was gradually increased and not more than 6.0 mg/(kg·d).The treatment course was twelve weeks for the two groups.The results of plasma levels of glutamate and aspartate before and after treatment,curative effect and adverse reactions were observed and compared.Results: After treatment for twelve weeks,plasma levels of glutamate and aspartate in the two groups were decreased dramatically(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the decline in the treatment group was much greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).Motor tic scores,vocal tic scores,comprehensive damage scores and severity scores in the two groups were obviously decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the decrease in the treatment group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group(χ2=4.63,P<0.05),and the incidence rate of adverse reactions in the treatment group was much lower than that in the control group(χ2=7.12,P<0.01).Conclusions: Topiramate has reliable effect and high safety in children with tic disorder,and the mechanism of action is to decrease the plasma levels of neural excitatory amino acid.

Objective To discuss the effect and recurrence prevention function of Pidotimod on T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children suffering allergic purpura. Methods 65 cases of children suffering allergic purpura were divided into observation group(33 cases) and control group(32 cases) at random. The patients in two groups were given routine foundation treatments like anti-infection, antihistamine drug, Calcium, vitamin C, Etamsylate and etc. Additionally, the patients in observation group were given Pidotimod Dispersible Tablets(0.4 g) through the mouth one time daily for 3 months. The changes of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children in two groups were observed and compared before and after 3months medical treatment, and recurrence rates were followed up after treatment. Results After medical treatment for 3months, the CD4+level and CD4+/CD8+ratio [(45.82±4.52)%,(40.15±4.14)%,(1.55±0.41),(1.25±0.32)] obviously rose than before [(37.51±3.75)%,(37.98±3.76)%,(1.02±0.27),(1.03±0.25)], while the CD8+level [(29.07±3.05)%,(32.07±2.97)%] declined obviously than before [(36.72±3.82)%,(37.02±3.91)%](P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the rising or declining rate in observation group was much higher than that in control group(P < 0.05). The recurrence rates after treatment within half a year and one year in observation group(9.09%, 15.15%) were much lower than those in control group(28.13%, 37.50%) by follow-up observation(χ2=3.91, 4.20, all P < 0.05). Conclusion Pidotimod has recurrence prevention function to children suffering allergic purpura, and can lower the recurrence rate as well, whose mechanism of action may have effect on adjusting the disorder of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and improving the cellular immunity function of children.

【 Objective 】 To investigate the potential roles of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL) and its soluble receptors(sTRAILR1and sTRAILR4) in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections,the concentrations of sTRAIL,sTRAILR1and sTRAILR4proteins were determined.【 Methods 】 Concentrations of sTRAIL and sTRAILR1and sTRAILR4protein were detected by ELISA,in patients with bronchiolitis and acute upper respiratory infection and individuals(named bronchiolitis group,AURI group,control group).【 Results 】 The concentrations of sTRAIL,sTRAILR1and sTRAILR4protein were significantly higher in bronchiolitis group(85±38),(71±19),(167±97) pg / mL,respectively and in AURI group(78±28),(61±15),(139±72) pg / mL than those in control group(55±19),(45±14),(56 ±38) pg / mL,respectively(Pall0.01).Data also showed that the concentration of sTRAILR1protein was markedly higher in bronchiolitis group than that in AURI group(P all0.05).While no significance were observed of sTRAIL and sTRAILR4expressions between the patients with bronchiolitis group and in AURI group(P0.05).Furthermore,levels of sTRAILR1was highly correlated to sTRAIL and sTRAILR4(n=102,r=0.236and 0.409respectively,all P0.01).【 Conclusion 】 Levels of sTRAIL,sTRAILR1and sTRAILR4were elevated in bronchiolitis and AURI which could be applied as an effective targets of patient's condition judgment.Our study indicated TRAIL and its receptors may involved in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis and AURI inflammation.

N-octyltriethoxysilane was synthesized by the hydrosilylation of 1-octene and triethoxysilane at the presence of catalyst.The structure of n-octyltriethoxysilane was characterized by GC-MS.The effects of dropping method,material composition,temperature and time on the reaction were investigated.The optimum conditions were that ratio of 1-octene and triethoxysilane was 1.05∶1 by adding triethoxysilane,90-100℃ for 3 hours.The crude with purity of 90% was obtained.The purity could improve to 98% above by further rectification.

The present invention discloses a tris (trialkylsilyl group) method for producing methyl alkanes: its features are: it is a three and six-hydroxymethyl alkane alkyl disilazane compounds as raw materials, the ion-exchange resin the catalytic reaction is carried out, the final reaction mixture can be filtered out of the resin to obtain the desired product. Advantage of the present invention are: a relatively simple process, high conversion rate, good selectivity, high productivity, product quality and stability obtained, the reaction liquid purity can reach more than 97%.

目的 探讨肠系膜淋巴结炎与支原体关系及临床意义.方法 对108例肠系膜淋巴结炎患者检查支原体(MP)抗体IgM、IgG,并在对所有病例予半合成青霉素或头孢三代类抗生素治疗3d后观察疗效与支原体关系.结果 MP-IgM阳性病例36例效果均欠佳,其中10例无效,并改用阿奇霉素治疗效果好;其余72例予半合成青霉素或头孢三代类抗生素治疗3d效果可.结论 肠系膜淋巴结炎的病原体除病毒细菌外可能还和支原体有关,应及时应用阿奇霉素或其他大环内酯类药物治疗.